Drinking Mineral Water Research Articles

МЕДИКО-ЕКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ БУТИЛЬОВАНОЇ МІНЕРАЛЬНОЇ ПИТНОЇ ВОДИ

The consumption and production of mineral waters in Ukraine is increasing. The only normative document that is intended to regulate the quality of packaged mineral waters is DSTU 878: 2006 Waters mineral packed. Specifications. The quality of used water can vary significantly from the various manufacturers. The quality of bottled drinking water of the most common trademarks of Ukraine from the shops of Cherkassy city research was conducted and provides medical and ecological assessment of the safety of its consumption. The correspondence of the information on the labels when marking the packaged drinking water from different manufacturers to their chemical composition, organoleptic parameters is analyzed. It was determined that not all samples of mineral waters are on the labeling label in accordance with the normative documents. According to the existing national classification of mineral drinking water by the degree of mineralization, all the samples of drinking water with mineral salts in the range from 1 to 8 g / dc3 should be attributed to the waters intended for the treatment of health. However, the marking of bottled mineral water from the brands Morshynska, Mirgorodskaya, Natural spring, Truskavets, Talnevskaya, Bon aqua, Promo marka places this water as a natural dining water, although it may indicate the chemical composition of the salts contained in the water. Foreign samples of mineral water (Vytautas, Borjomi, Altavalle, San Benedetto, Evian) more clearly indicate the purpose of water: waters intended for the treatment of health or natural mineral water with a low content of minerals. These indicators are very important for the consumer, since the increased degree of mineralization of drinking water limits the duration of its consumption. According to the organoleptic properties, samples of packaged drinking water had matched to the normative indicators. Thus, the chemical composition of drinking water declared on the labels does not always comply with national norms and requirements for drinking mineral waters, which may negatively affect on the safety of consumption of such products for the final consumers.

Magnesium Preparations in Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine, Neurology and General Medicine (Part I. History)

The use of magnesium preparations in medicine has a long history. According to some sources, first attempts by humans to consume magnesium- and calcium-rich minerals orally, presumably for medicinal purposes, could have occurred even in prehistoric times. First attempts to use natural magnesium-calcium alkaline materials to increase the bioavailability of the alkaloids of some psychoactive plants, such as betel, tobacco, and coca, also date back to prehistoric times.Later, several ancient authors, in particular, Hippocrates II, Claudius Galen and Soran of Ephesus, have described the profound laxative effect of sea salt and of crushed dolomite, as well as a positive effect on the psyche of drinking mineral waters from sources that were found by modern scientists to be rich in magnesium, lithium and bromine. The laxative effect of mineral waters from some sources rich in magnesium, or of salts that were extracted from such sources was known in the Middle Ages. Later, Paracelsus discovered that these salts could be useful not only as a laxative, but also as a sedative.In 1707, Massimiliano Valentini first obtained magnesium oxide, which immediately found its use in medicine, as an antacid, as a mild laxative and skin powder. In 1926, Jacques Leroy was the first to prove the vital importance of magnesium for the physiology of animals.In this article, we thoroughly review the history of the medicinal use of magnesium preparations and the history of studies of biological role of magnesium, from antiquity to modern times.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING WATER AND ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC METALS IN A HUMAN BODY

Aims: To study associations between drinking water mineral composition and levels of accumulation of metals in a human body. Methods: Studies were conducted in several geochemical regions. Hair samples were taken from healthy 10-11 years old boys aged. Concentrations of toxic metals were determined in hair. Altogether, concentrations of 29 chemical elements in hair and drinking water were determined. Atomic emission spectrometry with inductive-argon plasma methods were used. Results and conclusions: The levels of calcium and magnesium in the hair in the study groups significantly varied between the samples and correlated with hardness of drinking water. Significant correlations were observed between the concentrations of calcium and magnesium in children's hair and in drinking water. An inverse association between accumulated copper, nickel, iron and strontium in hair in children and concentrations of these metals in drinking water was found. The patterns of metal accumulation varied across the geochemical regions and by the quality of drinking water.

Nanocrystals FAU-X monoliths as highly efficient microreactors for cesium capture in continuous flow

Abstract The performances of binderless FAU-X monoliths (0.5 × 3 cm) build of nanocrystals featuring hierarchical trimodal porosity (micro-/meso-/macroporosity) in decontamination Cs-containing effluents have been evaluated. They have been compared to those obtained with newly synthesized FAU-X particles (1 mm) build with nanocrystals. Data have been confronted to those recently reported for a benchmark reference Cs+ adsorbent Sorbmatech®, based on copper hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles (15 nm) immobilized into mesoporous silica particles (250–500 μm) (Cu-HCF@SiO2). FAU-X monoliths show high rate of adsorption in batch in less than 2 min, much faster than Cs+ adsorption in FAU-X particles (60 min). This result highlights the importance of a homogeneous macropore network in adsorbents to enhance mass transport and access to the zeolite active sites. FAU-X monoliths with 20 μm macropore diameter have been used in continuous flow experiments for sequestering Cs+ (0.5 mmol/L) in mineral drinking water containing competing cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) with flow rates of 0.5–1 mL/min, corresponding to Darcy rates of 1.5–3 m/h. FAU-X monoliths are very efficient for Cs+ removal and show ideal steep breakthrough curves characteristic of fast diffusion. FAU-X monoliths are as excellent as Cu-HCF@SiO2 and could represent an alternative adsorbent for safer processes, avoiding the handling of powders or particles. Above all, this study reveals the unique hydrodynamic behavior of FAU-X monoliths and opens the route for process intensification using FAU-X in continuous flow.

New approaches to medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic pancreatitis at hospital stage

The research objective is to study therapeutic effectiveness of the medical rehabilitation program of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis at the stationary stage with combined use of physical therapeutic factors against the background of standard pharmacotherapy.
 Materials and methods. In the therapeutic department of City Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Krasnodar there have been examined and treated 159 patients with acute chronic pancreatitis. By simple randomization, 4 groups were formed: the main group (39 people) received a standard drug therapy; the 1st group of comparison (38 people) additionally received physical therapy; the 2nd group of comparison (40 people) got drinking mineral water Slavyanovskaya in addition to the treatment in the 1st group of comparison; in the main group (42 people) the patients received preformed peloido-therapy (PPT) on the cervical collar zone in addition to the treatment in the 2nd group of comparison. All the patients before and after medical rehabilitation underwent clinical and laboratory research, the assessment of quality of life).
 Results. In the main group leveling of clinical symptoms occurred by 78.2% (p 0.01) on average, in the 1st group of comparison by 71.5% (р 0,01), in the 2nd group of comparison by 62.3% (p 0.01), in the control group by 57.2%. Decrease in anxiety intensity with patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis in case of complex medical rehabilitation (main group) occurred by 47.6% (p 0.01) compared with the data before medical rehabilitation; after additional inclusion physical therapy and drinking mineral water in the treatment complex by 42.6% (p 0.01); in the main group after inclusion complex pharmacotherapy and physical therapy by 34% (p 0.01) and in the control group by 30.7% (p 0.01) after using only standard pharmacotherapy. Positive dynamics of clinical and laboratory indicators was accompanied by significant improvement of quality of life at combined medical rehabilitation.
 Conclusion. The inclusion of physical therapeutic factors in the programs of the inpatient stage of medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic pancreatitis contributes to levelling of clinical manifestations (abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and diarrhoea), significant improvement of excretory function of pancreas, which results in the improvement of quality of life of this category of patients.

Complex spa treatment of patients after removal of the gallbladder (medical technology)*

Medical technology consists in the complex application of natural (drinking mineral water and mineral baths) and preformed (magnetotherapy to the liver and right hypochondrium) physical factors in the rehabilitation treatment of patients in the early stages after removal of the gallbladder. The technology improves the efficiency of treatment by correcting impaired digestion and energy metabolism in patients with a removed gallbladder in the new anatomical and physiological conditions that have developed after the operation. The technology is intended for physicians of restorative medicine, gastroenterologists, balneologists and physiotherapists of health resorts and other medical institutions.

Possibilities of complex non-drug programs in the correction of psychoemotional disorders of menopause in patients with metabolic syndrome

The problem of ensuring long-term well-being and high quality of life for older women is becoming the most important goal of modern medicine. The initial presence of metabolic syndrome complicates the course of menopause; and menopausal hormone therapy cannot always be used. The urgency for finding the effective ways of non-drug correction of menopausal disorders in this category of patients is obvious. To comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of complex non-drug programs in the correction of psychoemotional disorders of menopause in patients with metabolic syndrome. A total of 330 women aged 45-50 years with menopausal syndrome in the presence of metabolic syndrome were examined. The examinees were randomized into 5 groups. All the patients received conventional treatment. A study and comparison groups used exercise therapy, drank mineral water, and additionally took multivitamins and minerals. The physiotherapeutic component of therapeutic complexes was represented by various combinations of factors (vibrotherapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy, and aeroionotherapy). The control group received conventional treatment only. The degree of severity of psychoemotional disorders was estimated before and 3 and 6 months after treatment via the modified Kupperman menopausal index (MMI), the Spielberger-Khanin Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Psychoemotional symptoms were most significantly reduced (1.5-fold) after 6 months of treatment in patients with mild disorders when the complexes, including vibrotherapy, were applied. In patients with moderate disorders, the simultaneous use of vibrotherapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy, and aeroionotherapy promoted the maximum regression of psychoemotional symptoms (by 47.3%) (p<0.05). The application of the conventional approach was observed to aggravate psychoemotional disorders. Complex non-drug programs, including physiotherapy, effectively relieve perimenopausal psychoemotional disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome. Vibrotherapy substantially improves the results of treatment. Moderate psychoemotional disorders need the complex program to be applied simultaneously with vibrotherapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy, and aeroionotherapy.

Nutrition and gastronomy in Canarias

Objectives: part of the cultural and social identity of a population is its gastronomy. Currently, the extensive offering of processed meals, the influence from different cuisines, and "fashionable trends" (such as the various "foodie" trends) has led to confusion amongst consumers and the abandonment of traditional recipes. Deep dive in the study of gastronomy, its evolution and the nutritional consequences. Methods: bibliographic search in relation to the subject in Google and other manual searches. Results: the gastronomy of the Canarian Community is characterized by its sobriety and by having simple recipes, with dishes made with few ingredients. The consumption of food per capita stands above the national average. They consume more non-alcoholic beverages (mineral water, juices and soft drinks), dairy products and derivatives, oils and fats, legumes, sugars and sweets, however the consumption of fruits and vegetables is slightly lower than the national average. Other food groups remain around the national average. As a result, this change in their dietary habits, together with physical inactivity has favoured an increase in obesity and diabetes. Conclusions: the link between nutrition, gastronomy and territory can help alleviate the health problems derived from poor food choices in the Canary Islands.

САНАТОРНО-КУРОРТНОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ДЕТЕЙ С ЭКОЛОГООТЯГОЩЁННЫМ ПИЕЛОНЕФРИТОМ, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫМ С НАРУШЕНИЯМИ ПУРИНОВОГО ОБМЕНА

Objective: To study the effectiveness of the treatment on the basis of drinking mineral waters, carbon dioxide baths and rational pharmacotherapy in children with environmental burdened chronic pyelonephritis, associated with violations of purine exchange, in the conditions of the Zheleznovodsk resort. Methods: Fifty children with chronic pyelonephritis with an environmental burdened anamnesis of 11-14 years were under observation. The method of simple randomization was formed two groups: control (25 people), which received traditionally accepted treatment at the Zheleznovodsk resort (dietary nutrition, therapeutic gymnastics, internal intake of the little mineralized mineral water of the Smirnov spring, carbon dioxide mineral baths), and the main one (25 people), where children received additional drug therapy with herbal medicine Canefron N. All patients were prescribed: ultrasound examination of the kidneys, clinical and biochemical blood and urine tests. Results: Comparative analysis showed that children of main group had a reduction of pain and dysuric syndromes, and in control group pain syndrome by the end of treatment persisted in 8% of cases, slightly more often preserved dysurian (16%) and asthenonneurotic (16%) syndromes. In children of main group, there was a significant decrease in daily oxaluria (by 39.2%; р&lt;0,01), an increase in the rate of glomerular filtration (by 11.93%), which was statistically significant in relation to the data in control group, where there was only a tendency to improve kidney function. According to the data of the long-term results in children of main group, the number of relapses decreased by 2.9 times (p&lt;0.01), while in patients of control group there was only a tendency to decrease this indicator. Conclusion: Comprehensive balneo- and drug therapy in children with environmental burdened pyelonephritis, associated with purine metabolism disorders, contribute to statistically significant to increase clinical effectiveness, ensures the long-term preservation of the achieved therapeutic effect. Keywords: Children, environmental burdened pyelonephritis, mineral waters, resort treatment.

The impact of flavoured mineral water drinks and sugar substitutes available on the Polish market on exogenic erosion of teeth enamel - in vitro study: preliminary results

The impact of flavoured mineral water drinks and sugar substitutes available on the Polish market on exogenic erosion of teeth enamel - in vitro study: preliminary results

The impact of flavoured mineral water drinks and sugar substitutes available on the Polish market on exogenic erosion of teeth enamel - in vitro study: preliminary results

An increase in the consumption of soft drinks has been observed in recent years. Flavoured mineral waters are often treated as an alternative to still mineral waters. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of sugar substitute solutions and flavoured mineral water drinks available in Poland on the enamel dissolution. The following parameters were determined: pH, titratable acidity and the concentration of phosphorus for flavoured mineral water. Solutions of xylitol, erythritol, stevia and glucose-fructose were tested to discover the impact of the sweeteners on exogenous erosion. Both flavoured mineral water and sweeteners tested in this study cause exogenous erosion of enamel according to the results of phosphorus released from hydroxyapatite. The erosive potential of the tested sugar substitutes concerned as beneficial for our health was similar to the glucose-fructose syrup.

Use of mineral water in rehabilitation therapy of patients with nephrolithiasis

Background. Study of alternative non-pharmacological methods of rehabilitation therapy is an actual task in the direction of preventive and restorative medicine. An important role in rehabilitation measures in preventing urolithiasis relapse is therapy using balneological therapeutic methods. The aim of the study was to perform a clinical and laboratory analysis of the effectiveness of mineral water “Serebrjanniy kluch” (Silver Rill) in rehabilitation therapy for patients with urolithiasis. Materials and methods. The study is based on the results of survey data analysis and treatment of 36 patients with urolithiasis. All patients were randomized into two groups: the first (control) group comprised 17 patients who received standard conservative therapy (antispasmodics and analgesics) and fresh drinking water and the second (main) group comprised 19 patients who received standard conservative therapy and mineral drinking water “Serebrjanniy kljuch” at 5 ml/kg of body weight per serving, at 18°C-25°C for 30-40 minutes before meals 4 times a day in an outpatient setting. Results. In the second group, self-sustained calculus removal was recorded in 78.9% of cases, and there was an increase in daily diuresis in all patients, a decrease in the excretion of oxalate and uric acid in daily urine by 52.3% and 49.9%, respectively, and decrease and normalization of lactate dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase concentrations were 28.3%, 24.5%, and 12.5% (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. In addition, the decrease and normalization of the accumulation time indicators were registered 2.7 times (p &lt; 0.05), the half-life period was 2.1 times (p &lt; 0.05), and the glomerular filtration rate increased by 60.1% (p &lt; 0.05) with simultaneous improvement in microcirculation of the kidneys. Conclusions. Consuming mineral water “Serebrjanniy kljuch” as a part of rehabilitation therapy of patients with urolithiasis positively influences the clinical course of the disease, helps reduce the excretion of oxalates and uric acid in daily urine, reduces enzymes, and leads to an increase in daily diuresis. (For citation: Nejmark AI, Saldan IP, Davydov AV. Use of mineral water in rehabilitation therapy of patients with nephrolithiasis. Urologicheskie vedomosti. 2018;8(2):18-23. doi: 10.17816/uroved8218-23).

CONTENT OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN MINERAL NATURAL DRINKING WATER OF ST-PETERSBURG AND LENINGRAD REGION

The aim of the study was to estimate the radiation characteristics of the mineral natural drinking table and medical-table water, consumed by the population of St-Petersburg and Leningrad region. This study was focused on the bottled natural mineral drinking water, available in St-Petersburg and Leningrad region market, as well as on the natural mineral drinking water sampled from the St-Petersburg groundwater supplies. Data on the levels of radionuclides specific activities in the sources under investigation was obtained using radiochemical analysis with the subsequent radiometric or spectrometric measurement of the counting samples. 107 samples of mineral natural drinking water were analyzed during the period from1999 till the December of 2017. Assessment included estimation in different combinations of the levels of gross alpha- and beta activities, specific activities of226Ra,224Ra,228Ra,210Pb,210Po,238U,234U,40K and222Rn, as well as the estimation of the index of conformance of the water to the requirements of the radiation safety. The mentioned index is the sum of the ratios of the specific activities of the individual radionuclides to the corresponding guidance levels. Exceedance of the index of conformance for the gross alpha-activity was detected for 87% of analyzed water samples; for the gross beta-activity – for 18% of the samples. Exceedance of the index of conformance of the water to the requirements of the radiation safety was detected for 40% of the analyzed samples. Exceeding of the guidance level of radionuclide in drinking water was found: in 24% water samples for226Ra concentration, in 24% – for228Ra concentration, in 3,5% – for224Ra concentration. An exceedance of the guidance levels for210Pb,210Po,238U,234U, 40K and222Rn in analyzed samples was not detected. The main contribution to the sum of the ratios of the specific activities of the natural radionuclides to the corresponding guidance levels and, correspondently to the exposure dose to the population of St-Petersburg and Leningrad region from the consumption of the mineral drinking water give226Ra,228Ra and222Rn the total contribution of which to the mentioned value exceeds 90%.

Insights on sulfamethoxazole bio-transformation by environmental Proteobacteria isolates

Although sulfonamide residues are frequently reported as freshwaters contaminants, information on the ability of native bacteria to modify these synthetic antibiotics is scarce. Our purpose was to investigate the potential of bacteria from different aquatic environments to cleave or transform sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and infer on their ability to reduce the toxicity of this antibiotic.From a collection of about 100 Proteobacteria, 47 strains previously isolated from drinking water, surface water, and wastewater grew in the presence of 200 μMSMX, and were further studied. Out of these, 14 strains, mostly from mineral drinking water, transformed SMX into equimolar amounts of the lesser toxic derivative N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole. The highest percentage of SMX transformation was recorded for two strains affiliated to Pseudomonas mandelii. For P. mandelii McBPA4 higher SMX transformation rate and extent were observed in fed-batch (∼8 μMSMX/h, 81%) than in batch conditions (∼5 μMSMX/h, 25%), but similar specific transformation rates were found in both cultivation modes (∼20 μmolSMX/gcell dry weight/h), indicating the dependence of the process on the microbial load. These results evidence that the capacity to transform synthetic antibiotics may be common among bacteria and highlight the potential of environmental bacteria in attenuating the potential adverse effects of pollution with sulfonamides.

Analysing sulphate and chloride in mineral drinking water by flow injection analysis with a single acoustic wave sensor

Sulphate is a very hydrophilic anion, and, therefore, difficult to be selectively determined in aqueous solution with a coated sensor. Zinc(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octatosylaminophthalocyanine was used for the first time as a sensitive coating. Selectivity to sulphate regarding chloride was not enough to ignore its contribution in mineral waters, and, therefore, an analytical protocol was carefully designed to allow the determination of both anions with this sensor. Results displayed on the label of eight commercial bottles of mineral waters are within the confidence interval of the values obtained with the FIA-sensor system, both for chloride and sulphate. However, results for chloride obtained by titrimetry are, in half of the cases, statistically different from the ones obtained by the sensor, and in 7 out of 8 of them more precise. There is an evidence of a systematic error in the chloride titrimetric analysis, consistent with a small overtaking of the equivalence point. Precision of the results obtained by the titrimetric analysis of sulphate were in 6 out of 8 of the analysis less precise than with the sensor, probably due to losses of the barium sulphate precipitate, which is consistent with the occurrence of lower values.

DRINKING MINERAL WATER IN RESTORATIVE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the integrated spa therapy of the metabolic syndrome (MS) with the use of drinking mineral waters (MB) of different chemical composition and mineralization, taking into account the dynamics of hormonal parameters, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, liver function. Eighty patients with MS received a standard clinical and laboratory examination at the beginning and at the end of the course of treatment. By random sampling, two groups of 40 people were formed, each of whom received an internal intake of MB Essentuki-Novaya or Essentuki No. 4. It was established that the complex spa treatment of patients with MS and the pathology of carbohydrate metabolism in the form of impaired fasting glucose and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with drinking MB is pathogenetically directed and includes the main means of actively affecting the well-being of patients, body weight, metabolic processes, hormonal regulatory systems and liver function, the course of concomitant diseases. The results of the study allowed us to recommend MB Essentuki-Novaya for the specified category of people as a curative and preventive agent in order to prevent further progression of carbohydrate metabolism and pathological changes in the liver.

Exemption of unnecessary ions from mineral waters, using them to be used for standards and use for medicinal purposes

An important amount of the world’s underground mineral and sheer drinking waters contain excess amounts of various harmful minerals, such as of Barium and Fluorine, the concentrations of which reach - of Barium 5-10 mg/l and Fluorine 5- 15 mg/l, which is why the World Health Organization and sanitary organizations of states and correspondingly the country standards sharply limit the existence of these elements in sheer and mineral waters. The same problems persist in the mineral and sheer drinking waters existing in Georgia. According to standards, the Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MACs) are overlooked in drinking waters, both sheer and mineral; Ba (barium) - 0,7 mg/l, F (fluorine) - 2 mg/l, in healing drinking mineral waters Fluorine is allowed 3 mg/l. Since the excess of amounts of Barium and Fluorine in sheer and mineral drinking waters does not allow their use and capitalization, the existing multiple drinking and mineral waters in Georgia arc either not used completely or if they are used, that is only with greater restrictions, or more importantly, with special, long-term conditions that not at all satisfy the requirements of domestic and foreign markets. The example of this is provided by the shutting down of the factory of mineral water “Zanavi” because of excess amounts of Fluorine; the inability to master the mineral waters “Gvara” and “Qobuleti” because of the containment of harmful ions in excess amount; the containment of excess amounts of Barium and Fluorine ions in the mineral water “Borjomi” and “Likani” questions the future perspective of the use of this unique drinking mineral waters. The purpose of the project is: through the modification of naturally formed sorbents, the creation and /research of selective sorbents which will have high selectiveness towards the ions of Barium and Fluorine. The treatment of sportive technological process of extraction of Barium and Fluorine ions from sheer and mineral drinking waters until the Maximum Acceptable Concentration. To derive an experimental amount of selective sorbents and to create the appropriate device. To develop technological regulations of the regeneration of sorbents.

Creation of underground water bottling industry of various mineral composites of Georgia and the use of these waters for balneological purpose

Georgia is one of the most richest countries in the world in respect to its constantly degenerative resources of vitally necessary water formed by rivers, glaciers, lakes, bogs and groundwater. The total amount of rivers is 26060, their total length is 58957 km. Resources of underground drinking water amount to 573 m3/min, operationally allowable level is 301 m3/min, which is equal to 26 billion liters per day. This amount far exceeds the daily vital need 7.4 billion people on Earth (biological norm -2 -2.5 liters per day). The factors that determine competitiveness of resource potential of drinking water are: naturalness, abundance, stability, renewability, cheapness, non-seasonality, short period of recoupment of capital investment, constant growth of world population’s needs for bottled (packaged) drinking water. These factors fully prove prospectivity and necessity of the stable development of drinking water industry. Natural drinking water Velis Tskaro (mineralization, 2.0-3.0 g / dm3) was found in the eastern part of the outskirts of Tbilisi. Its medicinal properties have been established since 2001, it flows from the depths as a source without any drilling and belongs to the sulphate-sodium and magnesium-calcium mineral water group. The analogue of this water is located in the resort area of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, in Gundauri of the Keda municipality and Racha-Lechkhum municipality. This medicinal drinking water has a number of healing properties: Chronic gastritis ( with normal, increased or decreased secretion function), chronic colitis and enterocolitis, chronic liver and biliary tract diseases, hepatitis, cholecystitis, angiocholitis, pancreatitis, diabetes, gastric and duodenal ulcers in remission and incomplete remission. Based on the type of water (GOST 13273-88) and clinical and experimental studies conducted, mineral drinking water is useful for healthy people for prevention purposes. Drinking water of this type strengthens people's health, eliminates the processes associated with metabolic disorders, which causes many diseases in human organism.

Analiza zachowań żywieniowych mężczyzn wyczynowo i amatorsko trenujących piłkę siatkową

Introduction: A varied and well balanced diet is an important factor in maintaining health and optimization of the exercise capacity of athletes. The nutritional behaviors of players depend on various factors, including their sports level.Aim: Evaluation of nutritional behaviors of athletes playing volleyball, depending on the nature of practicing sports (recreational vs. competitive).The material and methods: The research was carried out in a group of 200 volleyball players (100 professionals and 100 amateurs) using the proprietary dietary behavior questionnaire. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Chi-square independence test from the PQStat ver. 1.6 package.Results: The volleyball players strictly implemented the recommendations regarding eating at least 3 meals a day (95.5%), including cereal products in each main meal (83.0%) and preferring mineral water for rehydration (82.0%). In the smallest percentage, volleyball players declared daily consumption of at least 2 servings of milk and/or the dairy products (36.5%) plus 2–3 servings of vegetables (26.0%), as well as limiting the consumption of animal fats (26.5%). Assessment of nutritional behaviors depending on the sports level showed that the competitive volleyball players in a significantly higher percentage declared regular meals (p < 0.01) and the consumption of the most caloric meal after training (p < 0.01). In addition, competitive athletes significantly more often properly rehydrated themselves during their training sessions (p < 0.01), they included carbohydrate products in each meal (p < 0.01) and limited the consumption of sugary and salty snacks (p < 0.01), fast food products (p < 0.01) and energy drinks (p < 0.05). In fact, they also consumed 1–2 portions of fruit (p < 0.05) and 2–3 portions of vegetables (p < 0.01) and vegetable fats(p < 0.01) more often every day. In turn, amateur volleyball players in a significantly higher percentage preferred mineral water and other unsweetened drinks for rehydration (p < 0.01).Conclusions: The role of practicing sport (competitive vs. amateur) has been demonstrated in relation to some of the nutritional behaviors of athletes practicing volleyball.

The role and significance of the physical factors in the treatment and prevention of erosive-ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum

This article covers the issues related to the use of the natural and the preformed physical factors for the treatment and prevention of erosive-ulcerative lesions of the gastro-duodenal area. The existing schemes of their therapeutic treatment provide for the influence only on the separate components of the pathological process which does not allow to achieve the proper correction of the local organic and functional disturbances or the associated systemic disorders. In this context, the purpose of the present article is to demonstrate the importance of the inclusion of various physical factors into the therapeutic programs designed for the treatment of the inflammatory and erosive-ulcerative lesions of the upper digestive tract including the stomach and the duodenum. The present review is focused on the modern data available from the current publications in the scientific literature concerning the possibility and the effectiveness of the application of drinking mineral waters, balneotherapy, and pelotherapy in the combination with secondary prophylaxis and a variety of the rehabilitation modalities for the treatment of the patients presenting with the inflammatory and erosive-ulcerative lesions of the upper part of a digestive tube. It is concluded that these measures, taken together, can efficiently eliminate the said pathological conditions and correct the accompanying systemic disorders. The currently available methods of physical therapy can be not only supplementary to the generally accepted therapeutic modalities but also constitute their basis their basis.