Consumption Of Drinks Research Articles

The Association of Lifestyle Factors and Attention Problems in Adolescents

OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the associations between lifestyle factors such as physical activity, sleep patterns, media usage, and diet, and attention problems in adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 4,370 adolescents aged 13-18 years in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Lifestyle factors were assessed using the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System questionnaire, while attention problems were evaluated with the Youth Self-Report (YSR) Attention Problems subscale. Associations were analyzed using univariable and multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS Media use exceeding two hours per day was significantly asso-ciated with clinical attention problems (aOR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.81-5.71). Additionally, increased media use (b = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.19-0.28, p < 0.01), and high soft drinks consumption (b = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.12-0.26, p < 0.01) were positively associated with higher attention problem scores. Conversely, active physical activity (b = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.05, p < 0.01), adequate sleep (b = -0.26, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.19, p < 0.01), regular breakfast intake (b = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.05, p < 0.01), vegetable consumption (b = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.02, p = 0.01), and milk consumption (b = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.01, p = 0.03) were negatively associated with attention problems scores. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the significant impact of lifestyle factors on attention problems among adolescents. These findings support the integration of lifestyle modifications into the assessment and manage-ment of attention issues in this age group, particularly emphasizing the need to reduce excessive media use. KEYWORDS lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, attention problems, ADHD, adolescence

A study on the configuration of factors influencing overweight and obesity in adolescents based on fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.

Overweight and obesity among adolescents are grave public health issues around the world. Although the conditions that contribute to obesity have been extensively researched, little is known about how multiple conditions interact to cause overweight and obesity. The current study intends to investigate the histomorphic configuration pathways of several conditions of adolescent overweight and obesity by gender. The data came from a social survey conducted in June 2021 in Changchun, Jilin Province, China. The sample collected was 14-year-old adolescents, including 167 boys and 137 girls. The school physicians examined the participants' weight and height, and questionnaires were used to collect risk indicators from adolescents, such as sleep duration, electronic screens times, consumption of sugary drinks and fried foods, and physical activity. Simultaneously, a Fuzzy Qualitative Comparative Analysis will be performed to investigate the combinations of diverse conditions. We found that there is no determining necessary condition that, once present, directly determines that an individual is in a state of overweight and obesity. Simultaneously, this study revealed nine alternative configurational paths of overweight and obesity in teenagers of different genders, with a concordance of 0.805 for six male groupings and 0.916 for three female groupings. The outcomes of overweight obesity in adolescents under different genders are similar but not identical. This study examined the interactions of a number of conditions from the individual, behavioral, learning and living environment that led to the same overweight obese outcome among adolescents of different genders. Our research will be useful to policymakers in that interventions should take into account the combined effects of a number of different aspects rather than focusing on a single factor that causes overweight and obesity.

The effect of giving sweet potato leaf-based functional drink to increase HB levels

BeckgroundMenstruating young women experience twice as much iron loss as young men. One alternative effort that can be made is to provide functional drinks that are useful for overcoming anemia. Functional beverages must provide nutritional intake and sensory satisfaction, such as good taste and good texture, using sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea Batatas L). Sweet potato leaves are chosen as raw material because, besides being abundantly available and accessible to cultivate, they are also very cheap, so that they can reduce production costs. Pancalang Health Center is one of the Health Centers in the Kuningan Regency Area with reasonably high sweet potato cultivation. AimsThis study aims to determine the level of compliance with functional drink consumption, determine hemoglobin levels before and after functional drink intervention, describe anemia status before and after functional drink intervention, describe the effects of functional drink consumption, and nutritional status picture before and after consuming functional drink products. Research methodeThe study was conducted by quasi-experiment in one group (nonrandomized pre-test and post-test without control group design). Purposive sampling was carried out by Purposive Sampling on adolescents at the Pancalang Health Center, Kuningan Regency. Data collection was done by checking HB levels before the intervention and after the intervention. The intervention is carried out for 52 days. Resultsand Conclussion: The majority of respondents were compliant in consuming functional drinks, and only 7.5 % were non-compliant. The median before the intervention is 11 and after the intervention is 12 and a p value of <0,001 is obtained, meaning that statistically there is a significant difference between HB before the intervention and after the intervention. ContributionThere was a significant difference between Hb levels before the intervention and after the intervention, obtaining a p-value of <0.001.

Relationship between the frequency of playing online games and the habit of consuming high-sugar drinks on adolescent

Background: Online gaming has become increasingly popular in recent years, with millions of people worldwide spending hours every day playing games. While there are many benefits to playing online games, such as improved hand-eye coordination and problem-solving skills, there are also some potential risks, such as developing unhealthy habits. One of these habits is consuming drinks high in sugar. Objectives: This research contributed to nurses as preventive and promotive programs at school or in the community. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the relationship between online gaming and the consumption of high-sugar drinks. Samples were taken from adolescents aged 15-23 years. The sample selection was carried out by chance in youth gathering areas such as cafes, The sample formula was taken using the Slovin formula, with the results being 60 samples. The research was conducted from July to August 2023 in Depok Sleman, Indonesia. Results: The study found a significant relationship between the frequency of playing online games and the habit of consuming drinks high in sugar. The more time people spend playing online games, the more likely they are to consume sugary drinks.

A Path Model of Factors Associated with Hypertension and Disease: Analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Survey Year 2018

Non-communicable diseases are estimated to account for 73% of all deaths in Indonesia, and cardiovascular disease contributes 35%. Unhealthy dietary behavior leads to several NCDs, such as Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Indonesian Basic Health Survey Year 2018. The study selected 10,171 samples aged ≥15 years from West Borneo Province. The dependent variable was coronary disease. The independent variables were hypertension, age, gender, education, smoking, vegetables, fruit consumption, fat intake, alcohol consumption, instant noodles consumption, soft drink consumption, physical activity, and residence. A path analysis was conducted data analysis. The coronary disease was directly increased by hypertension (b=1.19; 95% CI=0.90 to 1.48; p 0.001), age ≥43 years (b=0.88; 95% CI=0.55 to 1.21; p 0.001), and high physical activity (b= -0.49; 95% CI= -0.81 to -0.17; p=0.003). It was directly decreased by alcohol consumption, but it was statistically non-significant (b=-0.71; 95% CI=-1.54 to 0.11; p=0.088). Coronary disease was indirectly affected by males, smoking, vegetable consumption, fruit consumption, fat intake, grilled food consumption, energy drink consumption, instant noodles consumption, soft drink consumption, residence, and education.

Egg protein exposure estimation in risk assessment for Japanese food allergy labeling

To assess the risk of food allergies in foods processed under the Japanese food labeling system, estimating exposure to hidden allergens is necessary. We assessed exposure to egg protein in foods processed according to the Japanese food labeling system. First, we estimated the concentration distribution of egg protein by Bayesian methods using data from the literature and the measurement of food products with precautional declarations in the labeling margin. We then estimated the food-intake portion-size distribution under two scenarios: soft drink consumption as an example of single, high-intake consumption, and confections, which are frequently consumed by children, as a realistic example of low-intake consumption. Finally, we estimated the distribution of unexpected intake of egg proteins in the form of single consumption. The mean exposure to egg protein under the high-intake scenario was estimated to be 0.0164 mg for 1–15-year-olds, 0.0171 mg for 4–15-year-olds, 0.0181 mg for 7–15-year-olds, and ≥0.0188 mg for 16-year-olds. The mean exposure to egg protein under the low-intake scenario was estimated to be 0.0018 mg for 1–15-year-olds, 0.0019 mg for 4–15-year-olds, 0.0020 mg for 7–15-year-olds, and ≥0.0022 mg for 16-year-olds. Compared to the reference dose of 2.0 mg proposed by the Joint the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee, the risk of onset of food allergies due to egg protein contamination from foods without egg labeling is considered to be extremely low under the current Japanese food labeling system.

Highlighting Soft Drinks Consumption in Lebanon

This paper aims to highlight the excess consumption of carbonated soft drinks among the Lebanese population and consequently present a call for moderation and reduced consumption (Controlled consumption). A quantitative analysis with a positivist philosophy and a deductive approach is adopted. A questionnaire was administered to 1,612 participants based on their willingness to provide input. Descriptive analysis is used based on the IBM SPSS version 26.0 software. In addition, cross-tabulations were run with Chi-square testing, and a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was also applied to study differences in medians between selected variables. Results illustrate that compared to other nations, Lebanon is a less-than-average consumer of soft drinks (45.5 liters per person per year), with a large percentage of soft drink consumers being young adults and middle-aged adults in the range of 17 to 48 years. This research shows that women consume fewer soft drink glasses than men with averages of 3.82 glasses per week (49.66 liters/yr.) for men and 3.18 glasses per week (41.34 liters/yr.) for women. Results also show no statistically significant relationship between having a job or living status and consuming soft drinks with snacks or food at restaurants. However, the relationship between gender and consuming soft drinks with snacks or food at restaurants is significant (p &lt; 5%). In addition, 17.1% of the participants declared they would never quit consuming soft drinks. Moreover, 85% of females and 79.4% of males have a very good level of health issues awareness about the harms soft drinks cause. Findings also show a significant relation (p &lt; 5%) between gender and awareness.

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption as a Risk Factor for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Other Causes of Mortality in Southern Italy: A Competing Risk Approach.

Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs) are increasingly consumed worldwide, even in regions with strong dietary traditions like the Mediterranean and can play a crucial role in the development of chronic diseases, including cancer. This population-based prospective cohort study investigates the association between UPF consumption and gastrointestinal cancers and other causes of mortality in Southern Italy. Data were collected from 4870 participants in the MICOL and NUTRIHEP cohorts. The EPIC questionnaire was used to elicit information on food and drink consumption and UPFs were categorized by degree of processing according to the NOVA classification. Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risk models were employed for statistical analysis. UPF consumption was positively associated with all-cause mortality: participants in the 3rd UFP quartile, as compared to the lowest, had a 27% higher risk of death (SHR 1.27 95% CI, 1.03; 1.57), while in the highest quartile as compared to the lowest, the risk was 34% higher (SHR 1.34 95% CI, 1.00; 1.79). Higher UPFs intake was also correlated with an increased gastrointestinal cancers mortality risk, especially the 2nd (SHR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.01; 2.71) and 4th quartile (SHR 3.14 95% CI: 1.56; 6.32), with a dose-dependent effect. For the other cancers, a SHR 1.61 (95% CI 1.03; 2.54) was observed for the 3rd quartile. Our results reinforce the link between UPF consumption and cancer risk, emphasizing the urgent need for interventions targeting dietary patterns.

The association between dietary inflammatory index with some cardio-metabolic risk indices among the patients with type 2 diabetes from Hoveyzeh cohort study: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe dietary inflammatory index (DII) serves as a tool to assess the inflammatory impact of an individual’s diet. This study aimed to investigate the association between DII and some cardio-metabolic risk indices among patients with T2DM.MethodsData from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, encompassing 2045 adults with T2DM, were analyzed. DII scores were calculated based on food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were performed to assess cardio-metabolic risk factors.ResultsHigher DII scores were positively associated with elevated triglyceride levels, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, lipid accumulation product (LAP), anthropometric indices including a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), hip, waist circumferences (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (all Ptrend < 0.05). Notably, no significant association was observed between DII and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels (Ptrend > 0.05). Additionally, dietary intake analysis revealed a negative correlation between DII scores and intake of fiber, fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, seafood, dairy products, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E (all Ptrend < 0.05). Conversely, higher DII scores were associated with increased consumption of red meat, processed meat, refined cereals, potatoes, and soft drinks (all Ptrend < 0.05).ConclusionThis study underscores the critical link between dietary inflammation, assessed by the DII score, and a multitude of cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM. Notably, while the study did not find a significant association between DII and fasting blood sugar levels, it identified robust associations with novel anthropometric and biochemical indices indicative of cardio-metabolic risk. These findings highlight the potential of dietary interventions as a cornerstone strategy for managing T2DM and mitigating its associated complications.

Understanding the Consumption of Plant-Based Drink in South Korea: Drinking Situations and Food Pairings

This study aims to investigate how consumption situations, consumer characteristics and food pairing patterns differ based on milk selection, namely cow milk and plant-based drink, using food diary data (117,728 cases). The consumer characteristics and drinking situations of milk and plant-based drink were analyzed using probit model, and food pairing patterns of milk and plant-based drink were analyzed using decision tree analysis. Plant-based drink consumers are more likely to be older, female, and have lower incomes, compared to milk consumers. Consumers are more likely to have plant-based drink on the move. Plant-based drink is mainly consumed with eggs, bananas, sweet potatoes, and nuts, while milk is consumed with cereals, bananas, and bread. It provides marketers with a stepping stone for developing marketing strategies associated with plant-based drink. This is the first empirical study to compare food pairing patterns between milk and plant-based drink, extending the scope of food pairing.

The effect of sucrose consumption on eating behavior and depression during morphine withdrawal period in rats

BACKGROUND: Sugary drink and junk food consumption increases during the withdrawal period, leading to subsequent psychological and metabolic alterations. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the relationship of sucrose consumption with serum insulin levels, leptin levels, brain Dopamine-2 receptor (D2R) expression, food consumption, and anxiety-depression findings in morphine-withdrawal rats. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups: Control, sucrose-free, 5% sucrose, 10% sucrose, 20% sucrose, and an addiction test. Saline was intraperitoneally injected to the control group, and morphine was intraperitoneally injected to the other groups for 14 days. After 14 days, naloxone was administered to the addiction test group, and addiction symptoms were observed and this group was sacrificed on the same day. Other groups were fed ad libitum with different concentrations of sucrose solution for one week. Behavioral parameters were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Leptin and insulin concentrations in serum and D2R levels in brain tissues were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. D2R concentrations in brain tissues were evaluated utilizing immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We observed decreased food consumption and increased fluid consumption in rats that consumed sucrose water during the withdrawal period. The level of depression and binge eating behavior was elevated in groups consuming sucrose, and the 10% sucrose group had the highest carbohydrate consumption and anxiety levels. In addition, the 10% sucrose group had the lowest brain D2R expression. The leptin level was highest in the 20% sucrose group. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the possible effects of sugary drinks consumed during the withdrawal period.

Influence of drinking cups of different materials on emotional and acceptance responses, and perception of sensory attributes of soft drinks

The aim of this study was to investigate whether drinking cups made of different materials (white polystyrene, crystal-clear polystyrene, paper, Styrofoam, and glass) can influence the response to soft drinks in terms of emotions, acceptance and perception in younger adult consumers. Experiments were conducted with three different groups of university students who (1) participated in the survey on expectations of disposable cups, (2) performed sensory tests on emotional and hedonic responses and (3) evaluated selected sensory characteristics of soft drinks served in the test cups. The characteristics of the cups influenced the overall acceptability of the soft drink, while the flavor acceptability and the perception of flavor intensity were not affected. Compared to the heavier cups, the soft drink served in lighter cups was perceived as more viscous. The soft drink was rated most acceptable when consumed from the glass and least acceptable when tasted from the Styrofoam. The Styrofoam, paper and white polystyrene had an impact on reducing the overall acceptability of the soft drink. The emotional map identified in the study for the consumption of soft drinks from different cups could be related to the sensory characteristics of the cups. Glass can be considered a more acceptable vessel for soft drink consumption compared to disposable cups, while crystal–clear polystyrene is more acceptable than paper, Styrofoam and white/opaque polystyrene. When selecting materials for disposable cups, preference should be given to materials that have similar properties to glass, such ashigher weight, low flexibility, low surface graininess and high translucency.

Pemberdayaan Kader Melalui Program “SI KEPO DM” Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Diabetic Foot Ulcer dengan Pendekatan Paliatif

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of chronic metabolic diseases characterized by increased blood glucose levels, which over time can cause serious complications if not treated properly (WHO, 2018). SI KEPO DM (Screening, Recognizing and Caring for Diabetes Mellitus) program is used to prevent and early detect Diabetes Mellitus and the emergence of DM Ulcers. Screening to prevent the emergence of DM ulcers with SMART, namely regular health checks, get rid of cigarette smoke, exercise and physical activity regularly, have a balanced diet, get enough rest and manage stress well. Nowadays, many people do not provide enough fiber in their food, they consume a lot of food that contains cholesterol, saturated fat and sodium, which is made worse by the frequent consumption of foods and drinks that are rich in sugar. Based on a preliminary study, it was found that there was one resident of Karagayu sub-district with a diabetic ulcer who died due to a lack of knowledge regarding the prevention and treatment of Diabetic Ulcer wounds and chose to seek alternative treatment. There is a lack of knowledge regarding screening for early detection of DM as well as how to recognize and care for diabetes mellitus to prevent the appearance of ulcers, so it is necessary to actualize elderly cadres to carry out the Screening, Recognize and Care for Diabetes Mellitus Program as an effort to prevent the appearance of DM Ulcers in the elderly or those who abbreviated as the “SI KEPO DM” program.

Research on the level of awareness and consumption of energy drinks among students aged 18-25

Introduction and purpose: The article focuses on the analysis of young people's awareness of the consumption of energy drinks, especially those containing caffeine. The aim of the study is to understand the level of knowledge about the awareness and consumption of energy drinks among students aged 18-25. This study was conducted using surveys and involving 202 participants. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using online anonymous surveys, involving 202 participants. The participants were students aged 18-25 both women and men. The results were analyzed according to the age and gender. Moreover, based on the available literature examining aspects related to the consumption of energy drinks.Results: The study shows that the vast majority of respondents (94.06%) are aware of the impact of energy substances on the body. The charts also illustrate that caffeine, as the main ingredient in energy drinks, is well understood in terms of cardiovascular effects. Moreover, the student community is aware of the link between excessive sugar consumption and the risk of cancer development. Discussion: The study shows that young people are aware of the negative impact of energy drinks on health. Nevertheless, not all areas of knowledge are clear to them. The continuous increase in the level of education can undoubtedly contribute to the introduction of healthy eating habits among students. Most respondents declare to drink energy drinks again, it should draw our special attention.Conclusions: It is worth noting the need for further education, especially in the field of metabolic syndrome. It also highlights the role of research and education in shaping public health awareness. Finally, the article suggests that further research and targeted educational programs are critical to improving public health, especially in the context of energy drink consumption.

Perceptions of a sustainable diet among young adults

We sought to gain a more holistic understanding of young adults’ knowledge and perceptions around sustainable diets using a mixed methods online survey of 500 young adults (18–25 yrs.). Variables measured included food choice motivators (6-point importance scale), knowledge (ranking of efficacy of sustainable dietary behaviours), and several open-ended questions (responses assessed using inductive coding). Results show that environmental and health dimensions of sustainability are most salient for young adults. Decreasing food waste and consuming local and seasonal produce were rated as the most important behaviours for promoting a sustainable diet, while reducing consumption of sugary drinks, and reducing dairy consumption were rated as the least important. Cost was cited as the most important barrier to engaging in a sustainable diet. Young adults’ knowledge around sustainable diets is mixed, but sustainability is an important motivator in their dietary choices. Results inform education and communication strategies that seek to mobilise young adults to make sustainable dietary decisions.

Xylitol is prothrombotic and associated with cardiovascular risk.

The pathways and metabolites that contribute to residual cardiovascular disease risks are unclear. Low-calorie sweeteners are widely used sugar substitutes in processed foods with presumed health benefits. Many low-calorie sweeteners are sugar alcohols that also are produced endogenously, albeit at levels over 1000-fold lower than observed following consumption as a sugar substitute. Untargeted metabolomics studies were performed on overnight fasting plasma samples in a discovery cohort (n = 1157) of sequential stable subjects undergoing elective diagnostic cardiac evaluations; subsequent stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses were performed on an independent, non-overlapping validation cohort (n = 2149). Complementary isolated human platelet, platelet-rich plasma, whole blood, and animal model studies examined the effect of xylitol on platelet responsiveness and thrombus formation in vivo. Finally, an intervention study was performed to assess the effects of xylitol consumption on platelet function in healthy volunteers (n = 10). In initial untargeted metabolomics studies (discovery cohort), circulating levels of a polyol tentatively assigned as xylitol were associated with incident (3-year) major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk. Subsequent stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS analyses (validation cohort) specific for xylitol (and not its structural isomers) confirmed its association with incident MACE risk [third vs. first tertile adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.57 (1.12-2.21), P < .01]. Complementary mechanistic studies showed xylitol-enhanced multiple indices of platelet reactivity and in vivo thrombosis formation at levels observed in fasting plasma. In interventional studies, consumption of a xylitol-sweetened drink markedly raised plasma levels and enhanced multiple functional measures of platelet responsiveness in all subjects. Xylitol is associated with incident MACE risk. Moreover, xylitol both enhanced platelet reactivity and thrombosis potential in vivo. Further studies examining the cardiovascular safety of xylitol are warranted.

Sudden cardiac arrest occurring in temporal proximity to consumption of energy drinks

BackgroundEnergy drinks potentially can trigger life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. It has been postulated that the highly stimulating and unregulated ingredients alter heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and cardiac repolarization in a potentially proarrhythmic manner. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe our experience regarding sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) occurring in proximity to energy drink consumption in patients with underlying genetic heart diseases. MethodsThe electronic medical records of all SCA survivors with proven arrhythmias referred to the Mayo Clinic Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic for evaluation were reviewed to identify those who consumed an energy drink before their event. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, documented energy drink consumption, and temporal relationship of energy drink consumption to SCA were obtained. ResultsAmong 144 SCA survivors, 7 (5%; 6 female; mean age at SCA 29 ± 8 years) experienced an unexplained SCA associated temporally with energy drink consumption. Of these individuals, 2 had long QT syndrome and 2 had catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; the remaining 3 were diagnosed with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Three patients (43%) consumed energy drinks regularly. Six patients (86%) required a rescue shock, and 1 (14%) was resuscitated manually. All SCA survivors have quit consuming energy drinks and have been event-free since. ConclusionOverall, 5% of SCA survivors experienced SCA in proximity to consuming an energy drink. Although larger cohort studies are needed to elucidate the incidence/prevalence and quantify its precise risk, it seems prudent to sound an early warning on this potential risk.

Random Forest and CatBoost with Handling Imbalanced Class for Detection of Risk Factors Anemia in Children (5-12 Years)

The prevalence of anemia in children (5-12 years) remains a public health issue in Indonesia. Early detection and control of risk factors are crucial for prevention. Machine learning models can be employed to address this problem. One practical approach is using ensemble learning models. However, it is expected to encounter imbalanced class problems when analyzing health data. Therefore, this study aims to perform classification modeling using two ensemble learning models: Random Forest (RF) and CatBoost. The proposed methods for handling imbalanced class issues include Random Over Sampling, SMOTE, G-SMOTE, Random Under Sampling, Instance Hardness Threshold (IHT), and SMOTE-ENN. Additionally, SHAP is used to explain the best-performing model based on Shapley values. The research findings indicate that the ensemble learning model using the CatBoost algorithm with G-SMOTE data handling produces the best performance compared to other methods. Based on the average performance metrics from 100 replicate validation, the CatBoost G-SMOTE model produces a sensitivity of 0.7104, specificity of 0.7043, G-Mean of 0.7067, and AUC of 0.7844. Handling the imbalance class problem using the G-SMOTE method effectively increases the sensitivity value in the two proposed ensemble learning models. Meanwhile, the SMOTE-ENN method produces effective G-Mean values for the Random Forest (RF) algorithms. Based on Shapley's value, the features with the highest contribution to predicting anemia in children (5-12 years) are ferritin, vitamin A, consumption of vegetables, diagnosed pneumonia, zinc, calcium total, and consumption of soft or carbonated drinks.

Comprehensive insights on treatment modalities with conventional and herbal drugs for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.

Areas of the body accessible to gastric secretions, such as the stomach and duodenum, are most commonly damaged by circumscribed lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa. Peptic ulcer disease is the term for this illness (PUD). About 80% of peptic ulcers are duodenal ulcers, with stomach ulcers accounting for the remaining 20%. Duodenal ulcers are linked to the two primary results about Helicobacter pylori infection and COX inhibitor users. Additional causes might include drinking, smoking, stress, and coffee consumption. The indications and symptoms of a duodenal ulcer depend on the patient's age and the lesion's location. For duodenal ulcers, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the usual course of treatment. This comprehensive study included an in-depth literature search in the literature and methods section using electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search method included publications published from the inception of the relevant database to the present. Inclusion criteria included studies investigating different treatment options for duodenal ulcer disease, including traditional pharmacotherapy and naturopathic treatments. Data mining includes information on treatment techniques, treatment outcomes, and possible synergies between conventional and herbal treatments. In addition, this review critically examines the available information on the effectiveness, safety, and possible side effects of different treatments. The inclusion of conventional and herbal treatments is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the many treatment options available for duodenal ulcer disease. A more comprehensive and personalized treatment plan can be achieved by incorporating dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, and, if necessary, herbal therapies to complement other treatments normally.

Drinking patterns among US men and women: Racial and ethnic differences from adolescence to early midlife.

Drinking patterns among young adult men and women in the United States have been understudied, especially among racial and ethnic groups such as Asian Americans and Hispanics. Because alcohol-related racial and ethnic health disparities persist or increase in midlife, identifying peak ages of hazardous drinking could help to reduce disparities. We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine: (1) past 12-month heavy episodic drinking (HED) and total alcohol volume consumption among non-Hispanic White (NHW), Black, Hispanic, and Asian men and women from ages 12 through 41, and (2) age-varying associations of race and ethnicity with drinking. Hispanic and Asian ethnic groups were disaggregated by historical drinking patterns. Time-varying effect models accounted for major demographic confounders. NHW men and women experienced elevated drinking rates in their early 20s, with a second elevation in their 30s. Black men and women did not have elevated drinking until their 30s. Among Hispanic men and women, peak drinking periods varied by gender and subgroup drinking pattern. Peak HED and total consumption emerged in the early 30s for Asian men, while peak HED occurred in the early 20s for Asian women. Drinking at certain ages for some racial and ethnic minoritized men and women did not differ from that in their NHW counterparts. Age periods during which subgroups in the U.S. population experience elevated alcohol consumption vary by ethnicity and gender. Recognition of these group differences could enhance our understanding of intervention timing.