Drink Labels Research Articles

The Influence of Country of Origin, Halal Label and Promotion on Consumer Loyalty of Mixue Ice Cream on Teenagers in Palembang City with Purchase Decision as an Intervening Variable

This research is motivated by issues regarding the halalness of a product, which often come to the fore. This is because there is a strict prohibition in Islamic law on certain foods, such as pork and liquor, products that can be consumed, both food and drink and medicine, must be free from unacceptable elements. This also happened to one of the drink labels originating from China, namely Mixue, which has been marketing its products in Indonesia for the last few years. This research aims to analyze the influence of County of Origin, Halal Label, and Promotion on Consumer Loyalty on Purchase Decisions for mixue ice cream among teenagers in the city of Palembang with Purchase Decisions as an Intervening Variable. This research uses a quantitative approach. The population of this research is teenagers who consume mixue ice cream in the city of Palembang with a sample size of 200 respondents. The data collection technique uses primary data in the form of distributing questionnaires using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique in this research uses Outer Model Analysis, Inner Model Analysis, Bootstrapping, Path Coefficient. The results of this research show that (1) Country of Origin has an effect on Consumer Loyalty, (2) Halal Label has no effect on Consumer Loyalty (3) Promotion has an effect on Consumer Loyalty (4) Country of Origin has an effect on Purchasing Decisions (5) Halal Label has an effect on Purchase Decisions (6) Promotion influences Purchase Decisions (7) Purchase Decisions Influences Consumer Loyalty (8) Country of Origin influences Consumer Loyalty through purchasing Decisions (9) Halal Label influences Consumer Loyalty through Purchase Decisions (10) Promotion influences on Consumer Loyalty through purchasing decisions.

Nutrients or processing? An analysis of food and drink items from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey based on nutrient content, the NOVA classification and front of package traffic light labelling.

UK front of package labelling (FOPL) informs consumers on the nutrient content of food. However, FOPL does not consider food processing, and with the UK government being urged to act on ultra-processed food (UPF), whether UPF should be added to FOPL is unclear. This study compared food and drink in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Intake24 database based on FOPL, nutrient content and NOVA classification, to understand whether UPF are covered by dietary recommendations for foods high in fat, salt and sugar. NDNS items were coded into minimally processed food (MPF), processed culinary ingredients, processed food and UPF according to the NOVA classification and FOPL traffic lights. UPF contained greater energy, fat, saturated fat (SF), total sugar (TS) and salt than MPF. UPF had a greater odds of containing red FOPL and an unhealthier overall FOPL score (OR:4·59 (95 % CI: 3·79, 5·57); OR:7·0 (95 % CI: 6·1, 8·2), respectively) and lower odds of containing green FOPL (OR:0·05 (95 % CI: 0·03, 0·10)), compared with MPFs. For items with no red FOPL, UPF still contained greater energy, fat, SF, TS and salt than MPF. However, several UPF have healthier FOPL scores. UPF had an unhealthier nutritional profile and FOPL score than MPF. For items with no red FOPL, UPF still had an unhealthier profile than MPF, with a higher energy density. Importantly, not all UPF were unhealthy according to FOPL. These results indicate partial overlap between FOPL, nutrient content and NOVA classification of UK food and drink products, with implications for UK food and drink labelling.

Energy labelling of alcoholic drinks: An important or inconsequential obesity policy?

Alcohol is calorie dense, but unlike food products, alcoholic drinks tend to be exempt from nutritional labelling laws that require energy content information to be displayed on packaging or at point of purchase. This review provides a perspective on the likely efficacy of alcoholic drink energy labelling as a public health policy to reduce obesity and discusses key questions to be addressed by future research. First, the contribution that alcohol makes to population level daily energy intake and obesity is outlined. Next, consumer need for alcohol energy labelling and the potential impacts on both consumer and industry behavior are discussed. Pathways and mechanisms by which energy labelling of alcoholic drinks could reduce obesity are considered, as well as possible unintended consequences of alcoholic drink energy labelling. Would widespread energy labelling of alcoholic drinks reduce obesity? The unclear effect that alcohol has on population level obesity, the modest contribution calories from alcohol make to daily energy intake and limited impact nutritional labelling policies tend to have on behavior, suggest alcohol energy labelling may have limited impact on population obesity prevalence as a standalone policy. However, there are a number of questions that will need to be answered by future research to make definitive conclusions on the potential for alcohol energy labelling policies to reduce obesity.

Анализ состава энергетических напитков и их влияние на здоровье студенческой молодежи

Consumption of energy drinks by young people has been increased due to various reasons. The drinks have potentially harmful effects. The purpose was to examine the frequency of and reasons for energy drink consumption by medical students, subjectively assess health effects related to energy drinks, and analyze composition of energy drinks. 150 students of the Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko were interviewed to find out the effect produced by energy drinks on their performance, health and attitude to energy drinks using Google Forms. Methods of statistical analysis were utilized during the assessment. Four energy drink labels were selected and analyzed with their composition being described. Students’ health and adverse effects after consumption of the drinks underwent subjective assessment. 35% of those interviewed believe that energy drinks are effective. 70% of the students report increased performance after consumption of the drinks. However, 55% of them develop adverse effects such as tremor of the extremities (11.3%), increased excitability (20%), increased blood pressure (23.3%), heart arrhythmia (26%), allergic reactions (4%), and loss of consciousness (2%). A safe amount to be consumed (250 ml) is recommended after the analysis, whereas 60% of the respondents consume 450 ml. Every year energy drinks are gaining more and more popularity among young people. The found adverse effects of energy drinks require subsequent and a more elaborated examination.

The effect of calorie and physical activity equivalent labelling of alcoholic drinks on drinking intentions in participants of higher and lower socioeconomic position: An experimental study.

The primary objective of the study was to examine the effect of calorie labelling and physical activity equivalence labelling of alcoholic drinks on drinking intentions in participants of lower and higher socioeconomic position (SEP). Participants (N = 1,084) of higher and lower SEP were recruited into an online study and randomized into one of three drink label conditions; Control (standard alcohol labelling), kcal labelling (standard labelling plus drink kilocalorie information), or kcal + PACE labelling (standard labelling and kilocalorie information, plus information on physical activity needed to compensate for drink calories). After viewing drink labels, participants reported alcohol drinking intentions. Participants also completed measures of alcoholic drink energy content estimation, beliefs about how calorie labelling would affect health behaviour and support for calorie labelling of alcoholic drinks. kcal labelling (d = 0.31) and kcal + PACE labelling (d = 0.38) conditions had significantly lower drinking intentions compared to the control condition (ps < .001). There was no evidence that effect of labelling condition on drinking intentions was moderated by SEP. A subset of participants also reported that they believed calorie labelling would be likely to positively change their eating and exercise behaviour. Estimates of the energy content of alcoholic drinks tended to be inaccurate and the majority of participants supported the introduction of calorie labelling on alcoholic drinks. Calorie labelling of alcoholic drinks resulted in small reductions to intended drinking and testing of the effect calorie labelling has on behaviour in real-world settings is now warranted.

Analysis of the range of soft drinks containing food colours and flavourings: retail example

Soft drinks are widely used and have steady demand. The content of beverages includes food colours and flavourings of different origins. Currently, consumers prefer drinks that contain natural raw materials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the product range and informational identification of the naturalness of food colours and flavourings declared by the producers of soft drinks presented by the domestic food retailers. The study objects are 48 soft drinks of various brands sold in the Lenta retail chain. When performing research, methods of analysis and systematization were used. The study of food colours and flavourings contained in soft drinks was based on the method of observation and content analysis. As a result of this study, information about ingredients indicated on the labels of soft drinks from the product range of the Lenta retail chain was researched. When studying the labels, special attention was paid to the presence or absence of food colours and flavourings in the sold beverages as well as whether these ingredients are natural. Depending on the presence of colours and/or flavourings in the beverage, the structure calculation of the soft drinks range was made. It was found that a great part of the Lenta assortment includes soft drinks that are coloured with one or more natural food colours (48 %), as well as soft drinks that do not contain food colours (25 %). Synthetic food colours are found in 21 % of beverages; soft drinks containing natural and synthetic colours make up 6 % of the range. It is revealed that there is no uniformity of information about the flavouring used in the labelling of soft drinks, consequently it makes difficult for the consumer to choose the product. Attained results can have practical implementation. The product range formation of domestic soft drinks of adequate quality helps to increase the competitiveness of Russian brands, reduce the consumer health risk, and meet consumer demand for quality products.

The Role of Category Labeling in Categorization and Evaluation of New Products

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze how consumers react to new products that do not fit into any existing product categories in their minds and how the category label provided for the new product helps them understand and categorize it. It intends to discover how consumers' attitudes, purchase intentions, and expected benefits from a new product are shaped when they can categorize the product versus when they cannot. The drink is chosen as the new product subject to the study. Although the imaginary cider brand in the study contains three percent alcohol, it is labeled either as a soft drink or an alcoholic drink. Another aim of the study is to test whether consumers' categorization decisions are affected by the labels and cues provided in the advertisements although more suitable categorizations are possible. Design/methodology/approach – (2 x 2) ANOVA is run on 350 participants. Category label is manipulated with a 2 (soft drink schema ad with no label indicated- alcoholic drink schema ad with no label indicated) x 2 (soft drink schema ad with soft drink label indicated- alcoholic drink schema ad with alcoholic drink label indicated) between-groups design. Findings – When faced with a new product, consumers categorize the product in the direction of the label provided in the advertisement and away from other more likely categorizations. Although the cider brand contains three percent alcohol, when it is labeled as a soft drink, it is categorized as a soft drink. Consumers who are uncertain about cider's product category showed lower attitude towards the product and purchase intention scores than consumers who are more confident about their category decisions. Discussion – When a new product is introduced into the market, the product's marketing communications should clearly define the product, its product category, its benefits, and usage situations. The label and cues given in the advertisements will help consumers to place the product into a category indicated by advertisements. Providing a label also helps consumers to have a positive attitude towards the product and increases its chance of trial.

Developing a digital toolkit to enhance the communication of health claims: The Health Claims Unpacked project

AbstractConsumer understanding and acceptance of health claims are influenced by a variety of factors including personal knowledge and familiarity with the information, characteristics of the product (such as the ingredients) and the way the claim is presented (e.g. wording and visual aids such as symbols). The official wording of authorised EU health claims is set by the European Commission (EC), though there is some flexibility, in that food companies can change the wording to aid consumer understanding of the claim as long as the original meaning is retained and the modified version does not mislead. An EIT Food‐funded project with the consumer‐facing title Health Claims Unpacked, consists of an international consortium aiming to develop a digital toolkit to investigate consumers’ responses to health claims and aid their understanding thereof. Developed firstly in English (and now also in other EU languages such as German, French and Polish), the toolkit is informed by research in linguistics, design, nutrition science, technology and behavioural economics as well as focus groups with consumers and interviews with the food industry. The format of the toolkit is an interactive web app comprising activities which are used to gather data regarding consumers’ responses to different kinds of linguistic, semiotic (signs and symbols) and marketing cues related to health claims and how these cues impact their understanding of the relationship between nutrients/food components and health, trust in the message and willingness to pay for products. The data will be used to provide information on the preferences of different demographic groups on the wording of health claims and to provide recommendations for stakeholders aiming to enhance the communication of health claims on food and drink labels.

Country and Gender Differences in the Color Association with Energy Drinks: A Survey in Taiwanese and Japanese Students.

This study investigated differences in the color association with energy drinks between two populations in different cultures, i.e., Taiwanese and Japanese. An anonymous, self-administered paper questionnaire was administered to first- and second-year students at National Taiwan Normal University (Taiwan) and Naragakuen University (Japan). In our inter-country, gender-stratified comparison, the color selected most often in response to the question, “What color comes to your mind for energy drink label?” was red for the Taiwanese and blue for the Japanese. The color associations with energy drinks selected by 20% or more participants in at least one population and showing statistical difference were extracted as noticeable difference. The present study demonstrates that the color and energy drink functions are closely associated. Specifically, yellow and nourishment, black and stimulant, yellow and vitamin supplement, green and dietary fiber supplement, and red and iron supplement are tightly associated regardless of the country. The strong tie between cosmetic and white is specific to the Taiwanese consumers. This suggests that careful color selection based on consumers’ environmental and cultural backgrounds is important in communicating information regarding energy drink functions. It would be worth for energy drink manufacturers to consider those associations in designing labels for products.

Empirical evaluation of the presence of a label containing standard drinks on pour accuracy among US college students.

Alcohol concentration has traditionally been labeled in the form of alcohol by volume (ABV). This format can cause difficulty in evaluating accuracy of a pour because it doesn't directly connect with recommendations related to "standard drinks," the approach used by the US CDC and others organizations which intend to facilitate responsible drinking behaviors. Strategies which more directly connect guidelines related to healthy drinking behaviors to alcohol labeling are needed. Assess how a label identifying the number of standard drinks per container impacts the ability of undergraduate students to accurately pour a standard drink. This study employed a 3 x 2 x 2 experimental design. Undergraduates were asked to pour a standard drink from mock products from three alcohol categories (beer, wine and liquor); products were presented in two types of label (traditional ABV vs. standard drinks/container) at two concentrations of alcohol content (high and low). We calculated standardized pour errors (pour errors in standard drink units). Analysis of these standardized pour errors suggested that 1) people tended to underpour beverages of low concentration across product categories and overpour those high in concentration. 2) When the standard drink label was present, pour accuracy was improved, when compared with pours from containers affixed with ABV labels in low alcohol concentrations across all product categories (beer, wine and liquor). 3) For treatments that comprised high concentrations of alcohol, the standard drink label significantly increased accuracy only for beer. However, it is worth noting that beer with an ABV label was the condition with the most dramatic overpours, and these problematic overpours were dramatically reduced by the addition of a standard drink label. Our work empirically supports the notion that Undergraduate students are better able to accurately assess and pour a standard drink of alcohol from bottles incorporating a label which includes standard drinks/container vs. those with traditional ABV labeling. That said, the effect is quite different for each alcohol category: beer, wine, and liquor and depends on whether the product is high or low in concentration of alcohol for its category; as such, policy makers should consider alcohol categories and concentrations from a public health perspective when recommending changes to labeling.

Use as directed: do standard drink labels on alcohol containers help consumers drink (ir)responsibly? Real-world evidence from a quasi-experimental study in Yukon, Canada.

This paper examines the impact of an alcohol labelling intervention on recall of and support for standard drink (SD) labels, estimating the number of SDs in alcohol containers, and intended and unintended use of SD labels. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Canada where labels with a cancer warning, national drinking guidelines and SD information were applied to alcohol containers in the single liquor store in the intervention site, while usual labelling continued in the two liquor stores in the comparison site. Three waves of surveys were conducted in both sites before and at two time-points after the intervention with 2049 cohort participants. Generalised estimating equations were applied to estimate changes in all outcomes. Participants in the intervention relative to the comparison site had greater odds of recalling [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.02, 10.71] and supporting SD labels (AOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04, 2.12) and lower odds of reporting using SD labels to purchase high strength, low-cost alcohol (AOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45, 0.93). Exposure to the labels had negligible effects on accurately estimating the number of SDs (AOR 1.06, 95% CI 0.59, 1.93) and using SD labels to drink within guidelines (AOR 1.04, 95% CI 0.75, 1.46). Evidence-informed labels increased support for and decreased unintended use of SD labels. Such labels can improve accuracy in estimating the number of SDs in alcohol containers and adherence to drinking guidelines.

Aspartame and Phe-Containing Degradation Products in Soft Drinks across Europe.

Phenylketonuria and tyrosinemia type 1 are treated with dietary phenylalanine (Phe) restriction. Aspartame is a Phe-containing synthetic sweetener used in many products, including many ‘regular’ soft drinks. Its amount is (often) not declared; therefore, patients are advised not to consume aspartame-containing foods. This study aimed to determine the variation in aspartame concentrations and its Phe-containing degradation products in aspartame-containing soft drinks. For this, an LC–MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of aspartame, Phe, aspartylphenylalanine, and diketopiperazine in soft drinks. In total, 111 regularly used soft drinks from 10 European countries were analyzed. The method proved linear and had an inter-assay precision (CV%) below 5% for aspartame and higher CVs% of 4.4–49.6% for the degradation products, as many concentrations were at the limit of quantification. Aspartame and total Phe concentrations in the aspartame-containing soft drinks varied from 103 to 1790 µmol/L (30–527 mg/L) and from 119 to 2013 µmol/L (20–332 mg/L), respectively, and were highly variable among similar soft drinks bought in different countries. Since Phe concentrations between drinks and countries highly vary, we strongly advocate the declaration of the amount of aspartame on soft drink labels, as some drinks may be suitable for consumption by patients with Phe-restricted diets.

Chestnut beer, Corsica-Cola, and wine bottles: The commodification of Corsican in the linguistic and semiotic landscapes of the island’s drinks industry

Abstract Within sociolinguistics, work on the commodification of language has gathered pace in recent decades. Monica Heller, in “Globalisation, the new economy, and the commodification of language and identity”, published in 2003 in the Journal of Sociolinguistics, contends that in the new globalized economy, language is commodified as a measurable skill, an inalienable characteristic of group members, and a marker of authenticity. Whilst the ability to speak Corsican is a potential aspect of the commodification of the language on the island, this article will explore in particular the extent to which the Corsican language is a characteristic of Corsican-ness, as well as a marker of value and authenticity in the economic market on the island (see Monica Heller and Alexandre Duchêne, “Pride and profit: changing discourses of language, capital, and nation-state”, published in 2012 in Language in late capitalism: pride and profit). Based on a corpus of product labelling from Corsican soft and alcoholic drinks, I investigate the extent to which Corsican, as a named language, and other visual resources are used for meaning-making in the presentation of local products. In doing so, I consider here the unevenness in the use of Corsican in the labelling of drinks which reflects the contours of regional language revitalisation and the shifting cultural value attributed to both French and Corsican depending on the product that retailers are seeking to sell.

The Use Of Experiential Meanings in the Drink Labels

This research is aimed at describing the English sentences used on the experiential meaning in the drink labels. Butt, et al. (1996:44) introducing us to the notion that language simultaneously performs three functions (experiential, interpersonal and textual) and one of the functions which is focused on the process is that experiential meanings. The objectives of this research are to investigate clauses and their constituents realized in the English sentences on the drink labels and to map out the experiential meanings realized in the clauses in the drink labels. The writer used qualitative descriptive analysis to find out the characteristics of English sentences used in the drink labels. The object of the study is the sentences used in the drink labels. The unit analysis is a clause used in the drink labels. The data were collected by the use of documents. To analyze the data, Method of data analysis, the writer took some steps; there are identification of 19 products of the drink labels, identification of the labels, identification of the sentences used in the drink labels, and identification of the experiential meaning. The result shows that, the 19 drink labels have 79 clauses and each clause has different constituents there are two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and ten constituents. The dominant constituent is nine constituents. Discussion on Experiential meaning, there are participant, process, and circumstance. The dominant process is material process. It has 50 clauses. Then the relational process is lees dominant, it has 29 clauses. In addition, the last process is projecting. It has no clauses. It is suggested that labels are good media for teaching English, especially systemic functional linguistics. By understanding the meaning of the labels, students and or readers are able to get the knowledge about the meanings of the clauses in the drink labels. They also can get the benefit of consuming the drinks. The other researchers would be able to continue analyzing for the next steps using different point of views.

The Interpersonal Meanings Used in the Drink Labels

This research aims at describing the Interpersonal Meanings used in the drink labels. The objectives of this research are to investigate clauses and their constituents realized in the English sentences used and to map out the interpersonal meanings realized in the clauses on the drink labels. The writer used qualitative descriptive analysis to find out the characteristics of English sentences used in the drink labels. The object of the study is the sentences used in the drink labels. The unit analysis is a clause used in the drink labels. The data were collected by the use of document. To analyze the data and Method of data analysis, the writer took some steps; there are identification of 19 products of the drink labels, identification of the labels, identification of the sentences used in the drink labels, and identification of interpersonal meaning. The result shows that, the 19 drink labels have 79 clauses and each clause has different constituents there are two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and ten constituents. The dominant constituent is nine constituents. The interpersonal meaning realized in the labels are; a) exchanging information which consists of giving information and demanding goods and services. b) Exchanging goods &amp; services, which consist of demanding goods &amp; services, and giving goods &amp; services. The dominant interpersonal meaning on the drink labels is declaratives mood – giving information of exchanging information. It has 58 clauses. On this drink labels, there is no interrogative mood – demanding information of exchanging information. It is suggested that labels are good media for teaching English. By understanding the meaning of the labels, students and or readers will get the knowledge about the meaning of the clauses on the drink labels. They also will get the benefit of the drinks. The other researchers would be able to continue analyzing for the next steps using different points of view.

Toddler drinks, formulas, and milks: Labeling practices and policy implications

Toddler drinks are a growing category of drinks marketed for young children 9–36 months old. Medical experts do not recommend them, and public health experts raise concerns about misleading labeling practices. In the U.S., the toddler drink category includes two types of products: transition formulas, marketed for infants and toddlers 9–24 months; and toddler milks, for children 12–36 months old.The objective of this study was to evaluate toddler drink labeling practices in light of U.S. food labeling policy and international labeling recommendations. In January 2017, we conducted legal research on U.S. food label laws and regulations; collected and evaluated toddler drink packages, including nutrition labels and claims; and compared toddler drink labels with the same brand's infant formula labels. We found that the U.S. has a regulatory structure for food labels and distinct policies for infant formula, but no laws specific to toddler drinks. Toddler drink labels utilized various terms and images to identify products and intended users; made multiple health and nutrition claims; and some stated there was scientific or expert support for the product. Compared to the same manufacturer's infant formula labels, most toddler drink labels utilized similar colors, branding, logos, and graphics.Toddler drink labels may confuse consumers about their nutrition and health benefits and the appropriateness of these products for young children. To support healthy toddler diets and well-informed decision-making by caregivers, the FDA can provide guidance or propose regulations clarifying permissible toddler drink labels and manufacturers should end inappropriate labeling practices.

Behavioural correlates of energy drink consumption among adolescents: A review of the literature.

Despite regulatory measures on the labelling of energy drinks (EDs), their consumption among adolescents continues to grow in popularity, but teachers increasingly report significant behavioural concerns among students who disclose habitual ED consumption. A review of papers published between January 2010 and October 2016 was undertaken to determine whether an association between adverse behaviour and consumption of ED exists. Findings indicate that ED consumption among adolescents is associated with alcohol and substance use, risky behaviours and psychological states including sensation seeking, depression and anxiety symptoms. ED consumption impacts negatively on executive functions and increases hyperactivity/inattention symptoms among adolescents. An inverse association between ED consumption and sleep duration exists. The findings highlight the need for greater awareness of the potential risk of ED consumption among adolescents.

Can a Label Help me Drink in Moderation? A Review of the Evidence on Standard Drink Labelling

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Understanding the concept of a standard drink (SD) is foundational knowledge to many public health policies aimed at reducing alcohol-related harms. These policies include adhering to low-risk drinking guidelines, screening brief intervention and referral activities, and counter alcohol-impaired driving initiatives. A lack of awareness of SDs might preclude the effectiveness of these interventions. A systematic review was conducted to review the evidence about how effective alcohol labels are in communicating SD information to the consumer. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles and grey literature from relevant indexes from January 1990 to January 2016. Additionally, policy makers and researchers in countries where standard drink labels (SDLs) have been implemented were consulted to help identify relevant literature. The search strategy was focused on the impact of SDLs relative to a range of outcomes, including awareness of SDs, pouring behaviors, and consumption patterns. Results: Eleven records were eligible for inclusion. The evidence suggests that knowledge of the definition of an SD is low. However, SDLs can help individuals more accurately identify and pour an SD. SDLs need to be supported by educational initiatives to help the consumer understand the SD information provided on the beverage container. To date, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the impact of SDLs. Conclusions: SDLs have the potential to increase awareness of SDs and facilitate the monitoring of personal alcohol consumption in the context of a comprehensive alcohol strategy. However, their impact on drinking behaviors requires further exploration, especially among high-risk populations.

Food labelling beyond EU borders

Food labelling beyond EU borders

Public protection – reliable allergen risk management

Consumers with potentially fatal food allergies are dependent on correct product labelling to protect their health. The food industry is responsible for providing every detail consumers need to make informed decisions. Considering public health, food suppliers have to monitor the presence of allergens, prevent cross-contamination and label products accurately. Allergen labelling of food products, drinks and non pre-packed food and drink products is clearly defined with legal regulations. To achieve this, a complete understanding of each product’s allergenic ingredients is needed and cross-contamination of food with allergens must be avoided. Raw materials need to be checked, every ingredient must be verified and every single allergen has to be stipulated. A mislabeled product could be recalled at potential cost, financially damaging business and at the same time, negatively impacting brand and reputation.