Drink Industry Research Articles

AHPSort-GAIA: a visualisation tool for the sorting of alternative in AHP portrayed through a case in the food and drink industry

Although Multi-criteria Decision Making methods have been extensively used for choice problems, their descriptive use has rarely been considered. The descriptive component is important because it allows decision makers to better understand the problem. In this paper, we add the descriptive method GAIA as an extension to the AHPSort method that helps policy makers to gain insights into their decision problems, through the portraying of a case in the food and drink industry. This descriptive component is implemented as a visual analysis. The proposed extension has been implemented in an open-source software tool that allows users to visualise the different performances of food suppliers within a review process and provide feedback for improvements within the food and drink industry.

Dielectric spectroscopy of Baijiu over 2-20GHz using an open-ended coaxial probe.

The complex electric permittivity of Baijiu (one of the most consumed beverages) is measured over a frequency range of 2 to 20GHz using a low-cost open-ended coaxial probe and a portable microwave analyzer. The Cole-Cole equation is used to fit the permittivity data, and the parameter values related are extracted using the particle swarm optimization. A linear relationship is obtained between these parameters and the alcohol by volume. A strong dependence of the permittivity on the alcohol content is also observed for other alcoholic drinks, including brandy and whisky. The study demonstrates that the microwave technique provides an efficient solution in the effort to determine the alcohol content and the principal component analysis is a powerful tool for the quick estimation of the dielectric properties. The sensor presented can contribute to efficient on-site quality control of alcoholic drinks. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The microwave approach presented could offer an economical approach for the characterization of Baijiu and a general solution to the alcohol content determination for the alcoholic drinks industry.

The role of Artificial Intelligence networks in sustainable supply chain finance for food and drink industry

ABSTRACT In the last decade, food and drink supply chain management has become an important part of global operations strategy. The global food and drink industries (FDIs) is establishing supply chain operations across countries as a result of increasing demand, this expansion has created challenges in coordinating operations that connect multi-suppliers, one as such is the financial enabler for the multi-layered supply chain network. However, literature on artificial intelligence (AI) in FDIs is limited, this study explores AI theory in supply chain networks and alternative supply chain financing for the FDIs. This study proposes a new conceptual framework based on theoretical contributions identified through literature, a conceptual framework is established and further developed to a meta-framework. This study explored the set-theoretic comparative approach for data analysis, the outcomes of this research suggest that the probable contributions of supply chain networks driven by AI technologies provide a sustainable financing stream for the food and drink supply chain.

Chemical and sensorial properties of probiotic beverage based on rice bran extract and honey

Probiotic beverage is one of the most recent developments in drink industry. The non-dairy drinks are popular all over the world. In this regard, the beverage containing Lactobacillus casei–containing rice bran extract and honey was examined. The effects of rice bran extract (0, 5, 10, and 15%) on the microbial, chemical, and sensory properties of probiotic beverage were investigated. The pH, acidity value, soluble solids content, cell viability, and sensory properties of samples were evaluated in 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of storage. The bacterial bioavailability decreased during refrigerator storage. The pH and soluble solid content of treatments decreased and the acidity value level increased significantly (P <0.05) during the storage. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the sample with 10% rice bran extract was more acceptable than others. Our findings considered using rice bran extract and honey for the production of beverage containing Lactobacillus casei as a valuable drink. Rice bran extract and honey along with probiotics would be an appropriate combination for making a unique drink in beverage industry.

Integrated Model for Soft Drink Industry Supply Chain Risk Assessment: Implications for Sustainability in Emerging Economies

Recently, the soft drink industry has been confronted with a rapidly changing business climate and increased competition, creating risks and uncertainties in its supply chain. Thus, immediate actions are required to handle these risks and uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to identify and classify these risks in the soft drink supply chain and to develop a methodology comprising a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of these risks. FAHP was used to determine the weights of five major risk categories and 23 sub risks under these major categories. Afterward, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM) was applied for the assessment of overall risk level, risk levels of the five major categories and relative risk levels of the 23 sub risks. This research has been conducted focusing on the soft drink industry of Bangladesh, a developing country with an emerging economy. In the existing literature, this work contributes by identifying and evaluating risks in the soft drink supply chain in the context of Bangladesh. The outcome of this study indicates that the overall risk level in the supply chain of the soft drink industry is between low and medium, and the risk level of the demand risks is the highest whereas the risk level of infrastructural risks is the lowest. It was also found that loss of reputation and brand image is the most significant sub risk, and natural disasters are the least significant sub risk.

Sugary drinks taxation: industry's lobbying strategies, practices and arguments in the Brazilian Legislature.

To assess the strategies, practices and arguments used by the industry to lobby legislators against sugary drinks taxation in Brazil. We performed a content analysis of arguments put forward by sugary drink and sugar industries against sugary drinks taxation, using the framework developed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support to assess corporate political activity of the food industry. Two public hearings held in 2017 and 2018 in the Brazilian Legislature. Representatives from two prominent industry associations - one representing Big Soda and the other representing the main sugar, ethanol and bioelectricity producers. The 'Information and messaging' and 'Policy substitution' strategies were identified. Five practices were identified in the 'Information and messaging' strategy (four described in the original framework and an additional practice, 'Stress the environmental importance of the industry'). Mechanisms not included in the original framework identified were 'Stress the reduction of CO2 emissions promoted by the industry'; 'Question the effectiveness of regulation'; 'Suggest public-private partnerships'; 'Shift the blame away from the product' and 'Question sugary drinks taxation as a public health recommendation'. No new practices or mechanisms to the original framework emerged in the 'Policy substitution' strategy. The strategies and practices are used collectively and complement each other. Arguments herein identified are in line with those reported in other countries under different contexts and using different methodologies. Future research should address whether and under what conditions lobbying from this industry sector is effective in the Brazilian Legislature.

THE EFFECT OF SALES, COST OF SALES, AND INCOME TAX ON NET INCOME (CASE STUDY COMPANIES IN BEI FOOD INDUSTRY SECTOR AND BEVERAGES PERIOD 2014 - 2019)

This study intends to examine the effect of sales, cost of goods sold, and income tax on company net income. Sales refer to income from the main results of the company's operations, cost of goods sold are all costs related to production and others for making a certain product at a certain amount, while income tax is a company's obligation to the state which is binding. The population in this study were all food and drink industry sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2019. The sample selection was using a non-probability method with certain criteria in order to obtain 12 companies and 72 financial reports. The regression model is used in data analysis, it is found that sales results and cost of goods sold have no effect on net income, while taxes have an effect on company net income.

A mixed-method analysis of the #SugarTax debate on Twitter.

To explore the #SugarTax debate on Twitter to assess actors involved, their connections and the topics being discussed during the implementation and first anniversary of the UK Soft Drink Industry Levy. The structure of the #SugarTax debate on Twitter was assessed using social network analysis. The actors involved, their connections and the topics of discussion taking place were also explored using content, sentiment and thematic analyses. Twitter between 2017 and 2019. Twitter users engaging in discussions relating to the hashtag 'SugarTax'. Tweets (n 5366) posted between 5 August 2017 and 7 May 2019 containing #SugarTax were downloaded from Twitter using Network Overview for Discovery and Exploration in Excel. The network included 1883 users, with 686 unique edges and 4679 edges with duplicates. The majority of tweets were negative in sentiment, when assessed by both automatic (64 %, n 141) and manual sentiment analysis (52 %, n 115) methods. Nine key themes were identified and grouped into two groups according to 'support for a sugar or SSB tax' or 'opposition for a sugar or SSB tax'. Twitter was used as a platform for debating the benefits and limitations of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes. The findings indicate that numerous actors are involved in the debates on Twitter, with advocates and lobbyists using the platform to raise support for their campaigns and reshape public perceptions. The findings and the methods used may be of interest to policymakers as well as to academics and members of the public looking to explore and engage in policy debates.

The Influence of International Tourism on the Food, Drinks, and Tobacco Industry: Empirical Evidence from Mexico

ABSTRACT The development of the food, drink and tobacco industry (FDTI) is essential to ensure food security, generate employment, and increase production output. In this study, we analyse the relationship between international tourism and FDTI in Mexico. The study used three Autoregressive Distributed Lag models which provide evidence that tourism, whether measured by the number of arrivals or by average expenditure, has a positive effect on FDTI growth. The results also revealed that depreciation of the Mexican peso has a positive effect on FDTI. These results suggest that international tourism has the potential to boost agribusiness and development in rural areas.

EFFECT OF BRAND AMBASSADOR ENDORSEMENT AND SALES PERFORMANCE OF PEPSI-COLA IN NASARAWA STATE

The study investigated effect of brand ambassador endorsement and sales performance of Pepsi-Cola in Nasarawa State. The study adopted survey research design, with a study population of 203 respondents. Data for the study was primarily sourced via a questionnaire, structured with open and close ended questions. Data collected were regressed and findings revealed that Brand Ambassador’s credibility, popularity, acceptance and integrity severally have significant relationships with sales performance of Pepsi Cola in Nasarawa State. The study therefore, recognises that Brand Ambassador’s credibility, popularity, acceptance and integrity have significant relationship with sales performance of Pepsi Cola in Nasarawa State. However, suggestions from the open ended section of the questionnaire led to a recommendation that Pepsi-Cola, a fairly underperforming firm in the carbonated drink industry should invest hugely on other promotional and advertising platforms that will root there product in the heart of the market, with minimal focus on brand ambassadorship, due to the expensive nature of the brand ambassadorship model of brand promotion. Keywords: Brand, Ambassador, Endorsement, Brand Image, Sales Performance

Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oil-based Microemulsions: Reviewing State-of-the-art.

A pre-eminent emulsion-based micellar drug delivery system, "microemulsion", comprising drug in oil or water phase, stabilized by surfactants and co-surfactants, has been evidenced to have a phenomenal role in a number of applications. Oils play an important role in the formation of ME and increase the drug absorption at the site of action. Oils employed in microemulsion formulation solubilize lipophilic drug. As the concept of "natural" therapies is recently gaining importance amongst researchers all over the world, scientists are employing essential oil as an organic component in this system. The active components of essential oils include flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes and polyunsaturated mega-6-fatty acids. These oils are enriched with characteristic intrinsic properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, etc., bestowing enhanced supremacy to the whole microemulsion system. This mini-review is the first to document various types of essential oils employed in microemulsion systems and highlight their therapeutic potential and applications as drug delivery vehicles. Key inferences from this study suggest: 1) Clove oil is the most explored oil for incorporation into a microemulsion based system, followed by peppermint and Tea Tree Oil (TTO). 2) Penetration enhancing effects of these oils are due to the presence of terpenic constituents. 3) Essential oil based microemulsions protect volatility of ethereal oils and protect them from degradation in the presence of light, air, temperature. 4) These systems may also be explored for their applications in different industries like aromatherapy, food, drink, fragrance, flavour, cosmeceutical, soap, petroleum and pharmaceutical industry.

Packaging Innovations to Reduce Food Loss and Waste: Are Italian Manufacturers Willing to Invest?

The target 12.3 of the 2030 Agenda by the United Nations (UN) calls for halving per capita global food loss and waste. In this regard, the Food &amp; Drink industry (F&amp;D) could play a crucial role in reducing food waste and improving food safety by adopting healthy and eco-innovation packaging. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the F&amp;D manufacturers’ willingness to invest in packaging innovations, such as active, intelligent, and compostable ones to achieve the UN target. In order to reach the stated objective, a multiple case study methodology was developed and administered to a sample of Italian micro and small-medium entrepreneurs located in the Apulia region. Results show that many firms were aware of their need for packaging innovation and of the available technological opportunity. However, only the F&amp;D manufacturers who showed a Real demand, according to a taxonomy approach which also considers the Potential and Latent demand for the innovation, were effectively prompt to invest. Finally, most of the interviewed manufacturers were willing to invest in at least one packaging innovation, choosing mainly between the active packaging and the compostable one.

Integration of Improved Methods for the Treatment of Wastewater from a Soft Drink Industry

Beverage companies produce a large amount of wastewater in the cleaning step of returnable glass bottles. This study aimed to investigate combined processes (coagulation/flocculation, adsorption, and membrane separation) to treat the effluent from the washing machine of returnable soft drink bottles. Tests were conducted with aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, and tannins (TANFLOC®) powder as coagulants/flocculants in different concentrations. After choosing the best coagulant, new tests were repeated by adding activated carbon. Based on the coagulant's best condition and activated carbon mass, the treated samples were subjected to a separation step with the ultrafiltration membrane (UF). The best treatment condition was the combined methods (TANFLOC + activated carbon + UF membrane), which showed a removal efficiency of 63.64, 54.92, and 64.98% for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), respectively. The BOD values are due to the presence of sugars in the effluent since its characteristics, such as high polarity and size less than 1 kDa, are unfavorable for the coagulation and UF processes, respectively. However, BOD removal efficiency was approximately 5% higher than the minimum required by legislation, which requires at least a 60% decrease in the raw effluent.

Framework to Assess Eco-Efficiency Improvement: Case Study of a Meat Production Industry

The industry sector accounts for nearly a quarter of the total global final energy and heat makes up two-thirds of that parcel.. Sectors such as food & drinks, steel, cement, ceramic and glass, among others represent a considerable part of the energy consumption thought their predominant electric consumption and thermal processes. The meat production industry corresponds to the food & drink industry one of the most representative manufacturing industry in terms of sales turnover and energy use in the European Union. Such is associated to considerable environmental impacts, namely on emissions of equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2eq). Within this sector, the main energy demanding systems are refrigeration systems and steam boilers, with the former being responsible for a great electric energy use within a meat production plant. In order to reduce the CO2eq emissions in an industrial plan and so to contribute to the promotion of industrial eco-efficiency, several improvement measures are proposed, which for instance include energy efficiency improvement measures (waste heat recovery technologies and strategies and cooling improvements), renewable energy integration (solar water heating systems and concentrated solar power) and alternative fuel integration (biomass and biogas fuel integration). The paper presents the development of a framework for the assessment of eco-efficiency improvements widely aplicable, namely to manufacturing industries. It has been applied to a case study – meat processing industry and the results have shown an increase of the eco-efficiency indicator up to 8.1% for the energy efficiency measures, up to 22.7% for the renewable energy integration and 10.3% for alternative fuel integration.

Does a Spoonful of Sugar Levy Help the Calories Go Down? An Analysis of the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy

This study evaluates the effects of the 2018 UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy on soft drinks prices, sales, reformulation activities, and consequently calories consumed. We combine novel electronic point of sale data that cover most of the UK soft drinks market with longitudinal nutritional information and a variety of event-study specifications. We document that all but a few global soft drinks brands reduced sugar content and hence avoided the tiered levy. For brands that maintained their original sugar content, the levy was on average over-shifted resulting in substantial retail price increases. Consumers responded by reducing their consumption of levied drinks by around 18% which is indicative of an inelastic demand response, especially in the drink-now and energy drink segments of the market. We also document substitution into diet drinks in response to the tax. In total, the levy is responsible for a reduction in intake of just under 6,500 calories from soft drinks per annum per UK resident. More than 80% of reductions were due to manufacturers’ reformulation activities and occurred in the two years between the announcement of the levy and its implementation.

Barriers to, and facilitators of, the adoption of a sugar sweetened beverage tax to prevent non-communicable diseases in Uganda: a policy landscape analysis

ABSTRACT Background Uganda is experiencing an increase in nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. Risk factors include overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Fiscal and taxation policies aim to make the consumption of healthier foods easier. However, the adoption and implementation of fiscal policies by countries are constrained by political and economic challenges. Objective We investigated the policy and political landscape related to the prevention of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in Uganda to identify barriers to and facilitators of the adoption of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation in Uganda. Methods A desk-based policy analysis of policies related to nutrition-related non-communicable diseases and sugar-sweetened beverage taxation was conducted. Four key informant consultations (n = 4) were conducted to verify the policy review and to gain further insight into the policy and stakeholder contexts. Analysis was framed by Kingdon’s theory of agenda setting and policy change. Results Nutrition-related non-communicable diseases were recognised as an emerging problem in Uganda. The Government has adopted a comprehensive approach to improve diets, but implementation is slow. There is limited recognition of the consumption of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages as a contributor to the nutrition-related non-communicable disease burden in policy documents. Existing taxes on soft drinks are lower than the World Health Organization’s recommended rate of 20% and do not target sugar content. The soft drink industry has been influential in framing the taxation debate, and the Ministry of Finance previously reduced taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages. Maintaining competitiveness in a regional market is an important business strategy. However, the Ministry of Health and other public health actors in civil society have been successful (albeit marginally) in countering reductions in taxation, which are supported by industry. Conclusions An established platform for sugar-sweetened beverage taxation advocacy exists in Uganda. Compelling local research that explicitly links soft drink taxes to health goals is essential to advance sugar-sweetened beverage taxation.

The data availability landscape in seven sub-Saharan African countries and its role in strengthening sugar-sweetened beverage taxation

ABSTRACT Background: Credible data and indicators are necessary for country-specific evidence to support the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation. Objective: A cross-country analysis was undertaken in seven Sub-Saharan African countries to describe the potential role of available data in strengthening SSB taxation. The objectives were to: document currently available data sources; report on public access; discuss strengths and limitations for use in monitoring SSB taxation; describe policy maker's data needs, and propose improvements in data collection. Methods: The study used a mixed-methods approach involving a secondary data analysis of publicly available documents, and a qualitative exploration of the data needs of policy makers’ using primary data. Findings were synthesised and assessed for data strengths and weaknesses, including usability and availability. SSB taxation-related data availability was critically assessed with respect to adequacy in strengthening taxation policy on SSBs. Results: Findings showed a paucity of SSB taxation-related data in all seven countries. National survey data are inadequate regarding the intake of SSBs and household expenditure on SSBs. Fiscal data from SSB tax revenue, value added tax from SSB sales, corporate income tax from SSB companies and SSB custom duty revenues, are lacking. Accurate information on the soft drink industry is not easily accessed. Conclusion: Timely, easily understood, concise, and locally relevant evidence is needed in order to inform policy development on SSBs. The relevant data are drawn from multiple sectors. Cross- sector collaboration is therefore needed. Indicators for SSBs should be developed and included in current data collection tools to ensure monitoring and evaluation for SSB taxation.

An Empirical Model of Bargaining with Equilibrium of Fear: Application to Retail Mergers in the French Soft Drink Industry

An Empirical Model of Bargaining with Equilibrium of Fear: Application to Retail Mergers in the French Soft Drink Industry

Parental Occupation and Risk of Childhood Retinoblastoma in Denmark.

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor affecting children. We examine the role of parental occupational exposures and risk of retinoblastoma among offspring. Our population-based case-control study linked data from four nationwide Danish registries and included all cases of retinoblastoma diagnosed in Danish children (<5 y, n = 144) between 1975 and 2014. We focused on two biologically relevant time periods: 90 days preconception to conception for fathers; conception to birth for mothers. Parents were grouped into major industry headings created from Danish industry codes. We observed increased risk of all retinoblastoma for children of fathers in the food and drink industry and iron and metal industry. Bilateral disease was associated with paternal work in manufacturing and land transportation. Our results suggest that some occupational exposures may increase the risk of childhood sporadic retinoblastoma.

Evaluation of groundwater quality along al-abyar area, northeast libya

Worldwide, the stress on the freshwater resources is increasing due to population growth and rapid industrialization. Libya is considered as one of the countries which suffer from limited water resources availability. Groundwater is an important water resource in both the urban and rural areas of Libya. To evaluate the quality of groundwater for multiple purposes in the Abyar aera with regard to Physical, Chemical, Heavy Metals and Microbiological. The study conducted in Al-Abyar Regin on seven wells; duration from July 2018 to July 2019, for the following’s parameters, Physical pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature (0C), Total dissolved Solids (TDS), Chemical Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (T. Alk), Sulphate (SO4), Nitrate (NO3), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Heavy Metals Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cr), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), and Microbiological total coliforms and Total Bacterial counts, and analysis of Results done with Excel as well as spss. Results showed that; Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, total hardness, Calcium, Chloride and total bacterial count were higher than WHO standard. Bicarbonate level was higher than WHO standard in most of the wells. Most of wells were higher than WHO standard with regard of Nitrate. all wells were higher than WHO as well as Libyan standard with regard cadmium, Iron and lead. While temperature, Ph, potassium was normal. All wells were very good for animal consumption, good for domestic purposes, and very acceptable for poultry, some wells may be used in paper industry, Textile, canning and drinks industry. Repair and maintain the wells should be one of the most priority to improve socioeconomic status in Al-Abyar region, and monitor the water quality periodically in essential.