Drilling Technique Research Articles

Primary stability with osseodensification drilling of dental implants in the posterior maxilla region in humans: A systematic review.

Currently, a new non-subtractive drilling technique, called osseodensification (OD), has been developed. It involves using specially designed drills with large negative cutting angles that rotate counterclockwise, causing expansion through plastic bone deformation, thus compacting the autologous bone to the osteotomy walls, which improves the primary stability of the implant.The present systematic review aimed to determine whether the OD technique can increase the primary stability of dental implants in the posterior maxilla region as compared to the conventional drilling (CD) technique.Five databases were searched up to June 30, 2022. The inclusion criteria embraced observational clinical studies, randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, human studies in vivo, comparing OD and CD, with the measurement of the primary stability of implants in the posterior maxilla region by means of the implant stability quotient (ISQ). The tools used to assess the risk of bias were RoB 2 and the NewcastleOttawa Scale (NOS).Seven articles met the inclusion criteria, with 4 classified as having a low risk of bias and 3 with a moderate risk of bias. The OD technique consistently demonstrated an average ISQ value of 73 KHz across all studies, whereas CD yielded an average value of 58.49 kHz (p < 0.001 for 5 articles).It can be concluded that in comparison with CD, OD improves primary stability at baseline in low-density bone, such as the maxilla.

The Effectiveness of Chain Drill Technique in Developing Students' Speaking Skill

This research designed to find out students' speaking skills before and after using the chain drill technique and to find out how the effectiveness of chain drill in developing students' speaking skills at the eighth grade students of SMPN 9 Cilegon. The researcher collected the data from 62 students divided into two classes, one class as the experimental class and another one as the control class, by applying experimental research method. The population is the eighth grade students of SMPN 9 Cilegon, while class VIII-D as the experimental class and class VIII-C as the control class are taken as the sample. Differences in students before being given treatment and the condition of students after being given treatment, namely Based on the explanation above, it can be seen that the results of the post-test in the experimental class experienced a significant increase after being given treatment, seen from the average post test better than the average pre-test is 64.38 &lt; 80,91. The results of the hypothesis, the degree of significance is 5% and 1%. Therefore, to:tt= 4,48&gt;1.67, in degree of significance 5% and to:tt = 4,48&gt;2.38 in degree of significance 1%. Shows that the use of the chain drill technique is effective in developing the speaking skills of students in class VIII-D of SMPN 9 Cilegon.

Renewable energy technologies in engineering: A review of current developments and future prospects

This comprehensive review examines the current state of renewable energy technologies within the field of engineering, analyzing recent developments and outlining future prospects. As the global demand for sustainable energy solutions continues to rise, understanding the advancements in renewable technologies becomes crucial for the engineering community. The review encompasses a diverse range of renewable sources, including solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal energy. The solar energy sector has witnessed remarkable progress, with innovations in photovoltaic materials, energy storage, and efficiency enhancements. Advancements in wind energy technologies focus on improving turbine designs, optimizing energy conversion, and exploring offshore wind farms. Hydropower developments emphasize sustainable and eco-friendly dam designs, while biomass technologies explore novel methods for efficient biofuel production. Geothermal energy, often overlooked, is gaining momentum with advancements in enhanced geothermal systems and innovative drilling techniques. The review also delves into the integration of renewable energy sources into smart grids, promoting efficient energy distribution and storage. Additionally, it addresses the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing renewable energy systems, enhancing predictability, and maximizing energy output. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of policy frameworks and financial incentives in driving renewable energy adoption. The ongoing transition towards decentralized energy systems and the exploration of novel materials for energy capture and storage are highlighted as key areas for future research. The potential of emerging technologies such as perovskite solar cells and floating offshore wind farms is also discussed. This review provides a holistic overview of the current landscape of renewable energy technologies in engineering, offering valuable insights into the advancements made thus far and outlining the promising prospects for a sustainable energy future. Engineers and researchers will find this review instrumental in navigating the evolving field of renewable energy and contributing to the ongoing global efforts towards a greener and more sustainable energy landscape.

Picosecond laser drilling grids in aluminium foil at 532 and 355 nm wavelengths

Ultra-short laser drilling technique enables production of filters, membranes, microfluidic, photonic, and biomedical devices. Micro-hole grids were drilled in aluminum foil using a 28 picosecond Nd:YAG laser operated at wavelength of 532 and 355 nm with energy up to 18 and 12 mJ, respectively. Varying pulse energy and number, micro-holes obtained at 355 nm and 3.6–9 mJ had the appropriate mean diameter of 36–86 μm. However, the circularity changed in 0.5–0.94. For the 2nd harmonic the mean diameter varied 15–61 μm at 0.36–9 mJ with the circularity of 0.81–0.92. The morphology of the area surrounding micro-holes investigated by scanning electron microscopy exhibited distribution of droplets dominated size 0.9–10 μm, which is feasible for filtration of contaminated liquids. Local elemental composition of the area determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy discovered significant increase in the concentration of C and O, and also emergency of F, depending on laser fluence under vapor-dominated ablation mode, where nuclear reactions are excited in hot plasma.

Casing while drilling technology

The article explores advancements in the drilling well industry, highlighting continual improvements in the well construction cycle. It encompasses the evolution from initial steps like rig setup and drilling to the final stages of well commissioning. The paper emphasizes recent developments such as innovative drilling fluids, drill bits with diamond cutting elements for varying rock hardness, and advanced top drive systems. These enhancements have synergistically led to significant progress in drilling outcomes. The transition from traditional vertical and directional wells to sophisticated, high-tech wells, including horizontal, multilateral, and multi-bottom wells, is detailed. The role of these advanced wells in enabling oil and gas companies to extract previously challenging-to-reach oil and implement projects once deemed futuristic is underlined. The article also projects that the journey of technological advancements in well construction is far from over, with much progress expected in the future. Furthermore, the article delves into the potential of exploiting oil and gas fields using innovative drilling techniques on a casing string, marking a significant shift in the industry’s approach to well construction and resource extraction.

An institutional study on accuracy of freehand cervical C1 C2 screws placement by knock and drill technique in craniovertebral anomalous bony anatomy: An evaluation of more than 600 screws based on SGPGI screw accuracy criteria.

To assess the accuracy of freehand cervical C1 C2 screws placement by knock and drill (K and D) technique in craniovertebral anomalous bony anatomy. From January 2017 to December 2022, 682 consecutive C1 C2 screws in 215 patients with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies were enrolled. All patients underwent posterior fixation with K and D technique without any fluoroscopic guidance. The patient's demographic details, clinical details, radiological details, major intraoperative events, and postoperative complications were noted. The screws malposition grades and direction on CT images in the axial and sagittal plane were defined as new per proposed "SGPGI accuracy criteria." All patients had a clinical evaluation at 3-month follow-up. Total 682 C1, C2 screws were placed in 215 patients for CVJ anomalies using K and D technique. The accuracy of screws placement by freehand technique was 84.46% (576/682). So with technique explained the rate of malplacement in simple (16.35%) and complex (15.19%) groups were almost comparable and comparison difference was not significant (P = 0.7005). The freehand technique, as described, is effective in cases of anomalous bony anatomy, and it is mandatory in complex CVJ anomalies. The accuracy of screw placement and VA injury is comparable with major studies. This technique is supposedly cost-effective and less hazardous to both health-care workers and patients.

A New Active-Thrust Tool Spindle and Integrated Force Measurement Technique for Robotic Drilling

A New Active-Thrust Tool Spindle and Integrated Force Measurement Technique for Robotic Drilling

Reducing damage with higher precision in drilling bones

Bone drilling poses intricate challenges due to its high hardness, strength, and anisotropic composite structure. In the dynamic field of orthopedics, advancing surgical drilling techniques is imperative for optimizing precision and implant stability. As drilling methods have progressed from conventional to robot-assisted machining, some new possibilities are now appearing. While orbital drilling has been pivotal in aerospace for reduced forces and superior hole quality, its application in bone drilling remains unexplored. This study pioneers the introduction of orbital drilling for bone machining, aiming to unveil its potential to improve processing quality. Experimental investigations were conducted on cortical femur bone to evaluate its mechanical behavior and the geometry of the holes, encompassing parameters such as hole aperture, roundness, cylindricity and delamination. Employing full factorial statistical analysis, the study systematically elucidates the influence of cutting speed and feed rate on hole quality. Results reveal the potential of orbital drilling in mitigating its defaults and could significantly contribute to improving surgical outcomes in orthopedic procedures.

Evaluation of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Pest Control Strategies and Cost-Benefit Analysis

A field study on integrated pest management of okra insect pests was conducted at the Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, in collaboration with the Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, during the 2022 crop season. Rama Krishma, a variety of okra, was sown using the Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications and employing the drilling technique and agronomical practices. Significant differences (P0.05) in insect pest populations, namely whitefly, jassid, thrips, aphids, Helicoverpa, and spotted bollworm, were observed across various treatments. The pest populations of all these insects progressively decreased with treatment applications, and post-treatment measurements were taken 48 hours after each spray. The minimum mean populations of aphids (2.01/leaf), thrips (0.15/leaf), jassids (1.86/leaf), and spotted bollworm (2.41/plant) were recorded with the application of the biosal treatment, followed by Helicoverpa (1.25/plant) and whitefly (0.13/leaf) populations, which were observed in plots treated with tobacco extract and Chrysoperla + Trichogramma, respectively. The maximum mean populations of Formicomus antiqumus (0.55), Laius malleifer (0.17), Orius bugs (0.56), Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (20.41), Chrysoperla carnea (0.31), ladybird beetles (0.69), ants (0.79), and spiders (0.89) were recorded in the Chrysoperla + Trichogramma treated plots, indicating the safety of this bio-pesticide for predatory populations. Analysis of yield attributing parameters revealed that biosal-treated plots exhibited the highest values for several factors, including the maximum number of fruits per plant (19.57), number of flowers (8.75), squares (18.34), plant height (42.36 cm), and number of branches per plant (3.73). Furthermore, the cost-benefit ratios for okra plants were highest for treatments involving tobacco extract and natural enemies, with ratios of 1:16.3 and 1:10.6, respectively. The application of biosal after treatment demonstrated superior efficacy as a control approach compared to alternative treatments

Unravelling ancient drilling techniques: A case of pottery repair in the Early European Neolithic

The emergence of pottery brought many changes in the way people in the past designed, cooked, stored, transported and gave meaning to their social worlds. Yet, the widespread use of these materials also brought challenges, such as how to contend with their brittleness. One of the many creative responses to this challenge, was pottery repair. At the start of the Neolithic period in central and south-east Europe, we find traces of repair activities even among the oldest pottery assemblages, which commonly consist of perforations placed alongside cracks used to bind the damaged vessels. Obtaining measurements and microscopically examining perforations can prove to be challenging, due to the accessibility constraints of most used measuring instruments. Attempting to overcome this limitation, our paper provides a method for identifying ancient drilling procedures (techniques and gestures) by integrating photogrammetric recording techniques into archaeological drilling experiments on low-fired ceramic specimens. Through this method we shed light on the unique characteristics of Early Neolithic pottery repair in the Upper Tisza/Tisa Basin (NE Hungary, NW Romania and SW Ukraine). Our experimental results using lithic borers show clear differences between two drilling techniques, i.e. thumb- and rod-drilling, according to the rotational striations produced, and the variation in the aspect ratio and centroid of perforations at different depths. Furthermore, our analysis of repair holes in Early Neolithic pottery demonstrates the consistent use of mixed drilling techniques for the purposes of repair, and the exclusive use of rod-drilling for the manufacture of sherd spindle whorls. The reconstruction of the sequences of repair also suggests that deviation from these consistent drilling procedures was likely due to the adaptation of the craftsperson to the specific damage condition of the vessels. Thus, repair work cannot be described as following a strict recipe, but as an ongoing creative process of evaluation.

Surgical Outcomes of Hammer-Chisel and Drill Techniques to Create Superior Bony Ostium During Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy

Purpose: We introduce a “cold steel” hammer-chisel technique for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, then compare postoperative outcomes between this technique and a drill technique.Methods: This study included 191 patients (297 eyes) with nasolacrimal duct stenoses or obstructions who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy using the hammer-chisel or drill technique. Surgical outcomes were compared via follow-up screening for epiphora and anatomical complications such as granuloma and fibrous membrane formation, canalicular obstruction, and synechiae.Results: Postoperative anatomical complications occurred in 29 eyes (18.6%) in the hammer-chisel group and 51 eyes (36.2%) in the drill group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001). The anatomical failure rate was higher in the drill group [28 eyes (19.9%)] than in the hammer-chisel group [18 eyes (11.5%); &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.038]. Functional failure was observed in 13 eyes (8.3%) in the hammer-chisel group and 13 eyes (9.2%) in the drill group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.787). The mean operation time was significantly longer in the drill group (35.5 ± 10.4 minutes vs. 25.4 ± 9.1 minutes) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: During endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, osteotomy with a hammer-chisel is more successful and leads to fewer complications than osteotomy with a drill.

DROD: bio-robotic drill/sampler for planetary subterranean exploration: experiments and challenges

Key features for space exploration equipment, and in particular drills and sampling mechanisms, are low weight, small size, and energy efficiency. These characteristics are substantially required not only in reducing the spaceship flight cost, but also in extending the exploration time on the extraterrestrial bodies. This article experimentally investigates the feasibility of a novel drill bioinspired by wood-wasp and sand-fish lizard as an integrated robotic solution for rover exploration tasks. A new penetration depth of 820 mm in terms of reciprocation drilling technique has been achieved by the proposed dual reciprocation and oscillation drill (DROD), especially with the new enhancements such as miniature sample compartment and toothed stems. Additionally, a first sampling experiment with DROD has been performed and a sample amount of 20 g and size of 30 cm3 has been collected successfully. Finally, the article provides developments for integration of DROD with rovers for future exploration missions and potentials for horizontal drilling for subterranean applications.

On the thermal impact during drilling operations in guided dental surgery: An experimental and numerical investigation

In recent years, a major development in dental implantology has been the introduction of patient-specific 3D-printed surgical guides. The utilization of dental guides offers advantages such as enhanced accuracy in locating the implant sites, greater simplicity, and reliability in performing bone drilling operations. However, it is important to note that the presence of such guides may contribute to a rise in cutting temperature, hence increasing the potential hazards of thermal injury to the patient's bone. The aim of this study is to examine the drilling temperature evolution in two distinct methods for 3D-printed surgical dental guides, one utilizing an internal metal bushing system and the other using external metal reducers. Cutting tests are done on synthetic polyurethane bone jaw models using a lab-scale automated Computer Numeric Control (CNC) machine to find out the temperature reached by different drilling techniques and compare them to traditional free cutting configurations. Thermal imaging and thermocouples, as well as the development of numerical simulations using finite element modeling, are used for the aim. The temperature of the tools' shanks experienced an average rise of 2.4 °C and 4.8 °C, but the tooltips exhibited an average increase of around 17 °C and 24 °C during traditional and guided dental surgery, respectively. This finding provides confirmation that both guided technologies have the capability to maintain temperatures below the critical limit for potential harm to bone and tissue. Numerical models were employed to validate and corroborate the findings, which exhibited identical outcomes when applied to genuine bone samples with distinct thermal characteristics.

Evaluating femoral graft placement using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament via independent or transtibial drilling techniques: a retrospective cohort study.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common surgical procedure, yet failure still largely occurs due to nonanatomically positioned grafts. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate patients with torn ACLs before and after reconstruction via 3D MRI and thereby assess the accuracy of graft position on the femoral condyle. Forty-one patients with unilateral ACL tears were recruited. Each patient underwent 3D MRI of both knees before and after surgery. The location of the reconstructed femoral footprint relative to the patient's native footprint was compared. Native ACL anatomical location of the native ACL had a significant impact on graft position. Native ACLs that were previously more anterior yielded grafts that were more posterior (3.70 ± 1.22mm, P = 0.00018), and native ACL that were previously more proximal yielded grafts that were more distal (3.25 ± 1.09mm, P = 0.0042). Surgeons using an independent drilling method positioned 76.2% posteriorly relative to the native location, with a mean 0.1 ± 2.8mm proximal (P = 0.8362) and 1.8 ± 3.0mm posterior (P = 0.0165). Surgeons using a transtibial method positioned 75% proximal relative to the native location, with a mean 2.2 ± 3.0mm proximal (P = 0.0042) and 0.2 ± 2.6mm posterior (P = 0.8007). These two techniques showed a significant difference in magnitude in the distal-proximal axis (P = 0.0332). The femoral footprint position differed between the native and reconstructed ACLs, suggesting that ACL reconstructions are not accurate. Rather, they are converging to a normative reference point that is neither anatomical nor isometric.

Comparison of Tunnel Construction Cycle with NTNU Model for the Headrace Tunnel of Seti Khola Hydropower Project

Achieving smooth and efficient blasting of tunnel walls is a challenging task. Tunneling performance and advancement can best be performed with proper and effective blasting techniques in drill and blast techniques. In this manuscript, the Seti Khola hydropower project's headrace tunnel's real-time statistics are used to compare the overall performance of tunnel excavation for the widely used blasting approach. The headrace tunnel's 663 meters of observed and recorded length comprises rocks with weak to medium blastibility. According to the Q-system, this tunnel section's rock mass quality class ranges from good to bad. The rock type found has a monotonous sequence of metasandstone and phyllite with quartz partings and discontinuities filled with clay to silt. A variation in the excavation cycle is observed in relation to the presence of different rock mass classes. Ultimately, the NTNU model is compared and analysis is done on the drilling patterns and cycles of tunnel building. It was discovered that using the NTNU model for tunnel excavation presents a significant opportunity to enhance performance.

A Data-Driven Approach to Predict the ROP of Deep Wells in Fukang Sag

In the deep well drilling process in the Fukang Depression of the Eastern Junggar Basin, rock fracturing issues and low rate of penetration (ROP) have posed significant challenges to drilling efficiency. Accurate predictions of ROP prior to drilling are of considerable value in this context. Precise predictions enable on-site engineering teams to proactively identify drilling difficulties and anticipate potential complex scenarios, facilitating them in designing preventive measures in advance, such as selecting appropriate drill bits, adjusting drilling parameters, or employing specific drilling techniques to address these issues. This, in turn, enhances drilling efficiency and greatly reduces drilling risks. Traditional mechanical-specific energy drilling rate models, despite their widespread use, exhibit significant disparities with actual results when predicting ROP. These models only consider the influence of drill bits, drilling tools, and some drilling parameters on ROP, failing to adequately account for the variations caused by engineering factors and failing to capture the interrelationships between various parameters, especially when dealing with complex subsurface formations in the Fukang Depression. Random forest is a non-parametric algorithm in the field of machine learning that is suitable for analyzing and predicting ROP affected by various complex and non-linear drilling parameters. This paper establishes a Random forest model based on a dataset containing multiple variables of logging parameters and the actual ROP. The model ranks and assesses the important feature parameters of ROP to reveal their impact. Additionally, the model uses bootstrap sampling and feature random selection to construct multiple decision trees, reducing the risk of overfitting and endowing the model with a high generalization capability. Evaluation metrics indicate that the model exhibits a high prediction accuracy and performs well, significantly improving the accuracy of mechanical drilling rate predictions in the deep wells of the Fukang Depression. This model provides robust support and serves as a positive demonstration for addressing mechanical drilling rate issues in complex subsurface formations in the future.

Thermal spallation of dry rocks induced by flame parallel or normal to layering: Effect of anisotropy

Thermal spallation drilling is a prospective technique in many strategic projects involving energy. To investigate the effect of rock anisotropy on thermal spallation and provide reference for thermal rock-drilling methods, we conducted flame jet experiments on dry shale samples and finite element modelling. Thermal spallation is produced by the growth of pre-existed cracks under compressive thermal stress. These cracks separate thin layers from the bulk of the rock; the layers buckle under compressive stress producing the spalls. Simultaneously, tensile fractures are formed that can inhibit the thermal spallation process. Rock anisotropy can change the thermal spallation zone making it larger (over seven times) or smaller compared to the isotropic case, or even exclude spallation. Comparison with experimentally observed spallation zone in shale samples with different bedding orientations suggests that bedding planes do not induce anisotropy sufficient to affect thermal spallation. Strong anisotropy of rocks can generate thermal tensile fractures directly from the heating surface, the situation impossible in isotropic rocks. During progressive thermal spallation rock anisotropy can make the spallation zone larger or remain unchanged. The results can help understanding thermal spallation of rocks and are instrumental in designing thermal spallation-based drilling technique for strongly anisotropic rocks.

The Posterior Tibial Slope Is Not Associated With Graft Failure and Functional Outcomes After Anatomic Primary Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Biomechanical studies have shown that an increased medial posterior tibial slope (MPTS) may affect anteroposterior knee laxity and tibial shear forces, ultimately increasing the risk for graft failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Previous clinical studies have, however, reported inconclusive results. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the MPTS and graft failure as well as functional outcomes after anatomic primary isolated ACL reconstruction using a hamstring tendon autograft. It was hypothesized that an increased MPTS would be associated with a higher ACL graft failure rate. Furthermore, a higher MPTS would negatively correlate with functional outcomes in patients without ACL graft failure. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent isolated primary ACL reconstruction with an anteromedial portal drilling technique between January 2011 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The MPTS was measured on preoperative lateral knee radiographs. At a minimum of 24 months postoperatively, the ACL graft failure rate and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM; International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form, Lysholm score, Tegner Activity Scale, visual analog scale for pain and subjective instability) were evaluated. Differences in the MPTS between patients with and without ACL graft failure as well as the frequency of graft failure between those with an MPTS <12° and those with an MPTS ≥12° were assessed for statistical significance. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to stratify the risk of graft failure with the following variables: MPTS, age at surgery, and sex. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the MPTS and PROM in patients without ACL graft failure. Results: In total, 326 patients were included (median follow-up, 71.0 months [IQR, 49.0-104.0 months]). There was no significant difference in the MPTS between patients with and without graft failure (10.6°± 3.2° vs 11.2°± 2.8°, respectively; P = .264). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the frequency of graft failure between patients with an MPTS <12° and those with an MPTS ≥12° (15.6% vs 16.5%, respectively; P = .835). Binary logistic regression showed that younger age at the time of surgery (odds ratio, 1.069 [95% CI, 1.031-1.109]) was associated with graft failure; sex and MPTS were not associated with graft failure. In patients without ACL graft failure, there was no significant correlation between the MPTS and PROM. Conclusion: In patients who underwent anatomic primary isolated ACL reconstruction, an increased MPTS was not associated with a higher rate of graft failure or inferior functional outcomes. Younger age was a significant nonmodifiable risk factor for ACL graft failure.

Exploring Underbalance Drilling: A Comprehensive Review

Underbalance Drilling (UBD) is an advanced drilling technique employed in oil and gas industry to improve well productivity and reduce formation damage. In conventional drilling, overbalance conditions are maintained in order to prevent the influx of formation fluids. In contrast, UBD involves maintaining a hydrostatic pressure lower than the formation pressure during drilling operations. UBD offers several advantages, such as increasing drilling rates, reducing formation damage, improving wellbore stability. By preventing the flow of drilling fluids in to the formation, UBD reduces the risk of formation plugging and improves the recovery of hydrocarbons. This technique is particularly beneficial for depleted reservoirs or formations prone to lost circulation problems. Despite its advantages, proper planning and execution are essential for UBD to manage the associated risks, such as wellbore stability challenges and the potential for unexpected influx of formation fluids. UBD involves the use of specialized equipment such as BOPs, RCDs to manage the hydrostatic pressure of well and control the influx of formation fluids. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of UBD is essential for maximizing hydrocarbon recovery alongside a commitment to operational safety and environmental sustainability in the ever- changing landscape of the oil and gas industries.

Efficacy of the pridie drilling technique in knee osteochondritis dissecans among children and young adults: follow-up of 41 cases.

This study aims to examine whether Pridie drilling, a form of bone marrow stimulation, can expedite the healing process and enable a faster return to sports activity in patients with knee Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of Pridie drilling in stable OCD lesions that do not respond to non-operative treatment, by evaluating the absence of painful symptoms 6months after the procedure. Secondary objectives include evaluating radiographic reconstruction 6months post-surgery and determining the time it takes to resume sports participation. This single-center retrospective study included all cases of stable OCD in the knee that underwent anterograde chondral drilling between 2008 and 2020. Diagnosis of OCD was established using knee radiographs, and the surgical technique involved multiple multidirectional subchondral drilling. Treatment efficacy was defined by the absence of painful symptoms for 6months postoperatively. A total of 41 knees were included in the study, and no complications were observed before or after surgery. At 6months postoperatively, 32 knees (78%) showed complete resolution of symptoms. Complete radiographic reconstruction was observed in 66% of cases. Asymptomatic patients at 6months returned to sports activity of similar intensity to that practiced previously in an average time of 7.9months; while, patients who were symptomatic at 6months returned in an average time of 16.5months. This study provides evidence supporting the short-term efficacy of anterograde chondral drilling in stable lesion of OCD in children and adolescents after failed functional treatment. Level III (retrospective cohort study).