Dried Tangerine Peel Research Articles

Dried tangerine peel polysaccharide accelerates wound healing by recruiting anti-inflammatory macrophages

Macrophage polarization is a key process involved in wound healing. The continuous release of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages inhibits the healing process of chronic wounds, such as diabetic wounds. To promote wound healing, it is important to change the phenotype of resident macrophages to prevent inflammation. We previously reported that dried tangerine peel polysaccharide (DTPP) binds to and inhibits the TLR4/MD-2 complex, which is crucial for the inflammatory activation of macrophages, suggesting the potential of DTPP in wound healing applications. Both zebrafish and mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of DTPP. Moreover, we found that DTPP recruited macrophages to the wound area and promoted their M2 repolarization. Using hyperglycaemic zebrafish and db/db mouse models, we discovered that DTPP accelerated wound healing in vivo in metabolic disorders. Our results suggest that DTPP promotes the recruitment of macrophages, shifts macrophages towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and ultimately accelerates the wound healing process.

Accurate and visualiable discrimination of Chenpi age using 2D-CNN and Grad-CAM++ based on infrared spectral images

Dried tangerine peel (“Chenpi”), has numerous clinical and nutritional benefits, with its quality being significantly influenced by its storage age, referred to as “Chen Jiu Zhe Liang” in Chinese. Concequently, the rapid and accurate identification of Chenpi's age is important for consumers. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to capture spectral images of Chenpi. These FTIR images were then analyzed using a two-dimensional convolutional neural networks (2D-CNN) model, achieving a discrimination accuracy of 97.92%. To address the “black box” nature of the 2D-CNN, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping Plus Plus (Grad-CAM++) was utilized to highlight the important regions contributing to the model's performance. Additionally, six other machine learning models were developped using features identified by the 2D-CNN to validate their effectiveness. The results demonstrated that the combination of FTIR spectral images and 2D-CNN provides a highly effective method for accurately determining the age of Chenpi.

Real-time citrus variety detection in orchards based on complex scenarios of improved YOLOv7.

Variety detection provides technical support for selecting XinHui citrus for use in the production of XinHui dried tangerine peel. Simultaneously, the mutual occlusion between tree leaves and fruits is one of the challenges in object detection. In order to improve screening efficiency, this paper introduces a YOLO(You Only Look Once)v7-BiGS(BiFormer&GSConv) citrus variety detection method capable of identifying different citrus varieties efficiently. In the YOLOv7-BiGS network model, initially, the BiFormer attention mechanism in the backbone of the YOLOv7-based network strengthens the model's ability to extract citrus' features. In addition, the introduction of the lightweight GSConv convolution in place of the original convolution within the ELAN of the head component effectively streamlines model complexity while maintaining performance integrity. To environment challenge validate the effectiveness of the method, the proposed YOLOv7-BiGS was compared with YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8. In the comparison of YOLOv7-BiGS with YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8, the experimental results show that the precision, mAP and recell of YOLOv7-BiGS are 91%, 93.7% and 87.3% respectively. Notably, compared to baseline methods, the proposed approach exhibited significant enhancements in precision, mAP, and recall by 5.8%, 4.8%, and 5.2%, respectively. To evaluate the efficacy of the YOLOv7-BiGS in addressing challenges posed by complex environmental conditions, we collected occluded images of Xinhui citrus fruits from the Xinhui orchard base for model detection. This research aims to fulfill performance criteria for citrus variety identification, offering vital technical backing for variety detection endeavors.

Scoping review of clinical studies on Chinese herbal medicine against Helicobacter pylori and an exploration of its usage pattern

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly infectious bacterium that can aggravate upper gastrointestinal diseases. With the increasingly serious problem of H. pylori drug resistance, it is more important to seek new treatment methods. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of studies on the treatment of H. pylori infection and related diseases with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). The effectiveness of CHM has also emerged. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to systematically identify and summarize the characteristics of randomized controlled trails (RCTs) evaluating CHM for treating H. pylori infection. Three Chinese and two English language databases were comprehensively searched. Included studies were RCTs of H. pylori-positive patients evaluating oral CHM with or without Western Medicine (WM) compared to WM alone. A descriptive analysis of study characteristics and association rule mining in R Studio software were used to identify frequent herbal combinations. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool was used to assess study quality. Included were 165 RCTs, with 168 comparisons, involving 16,817 participants. All the RCTs were conducted in China and 68% were published after 2012. The quality of included studies was moderate. The RCTs evaluated 187 herbs that were used in various combinations in 91 types of CHM formulas. Most RCTs compared CHM plus WM to WM only (n=103 comparisons). Only 68% of the RCTs evaluated a recommended WM triple or quadruple therapy. Results showed that Banxia Xiexin Decoction, Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction, Huanglian Wendan Decoction and Jinghua Weikang Capsule were commonly used. The association rules showed that golden thread (Coptis chinensis Franch.), debark peony root (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), milkvetch root (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge), dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.), dried tangerine peel (Citrus reticulata Blanco), tangshen (Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.), largehead atractylodes rhizome (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.), processing liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), pinellia tuber (Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino) were commonly used clinically. The findings from this review highlight the potential role of CHM formulas for treating H. Pylori and can be used to inform further clinical trials and systematic reviews.

Simultaneous Determination of 147 Pesticide Residues in Traditional Chinese Medicines by GC-MS/MS.

Determination of pesticide residues remains a challenge in traditional Chinese medicines in which complex compounds may interfere with analysis signals. This study reports the development of a simple, effective, and high-throughput method combining gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with either QuEChERS or solid phase extraction (SPE) to determine 147 pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines simultaneously. In SPE, the mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) was selected to extract 147 pesticides in honeysuckle, and the extracted pesticides were determined by GC-MS/MS. The limits of detection for all pesticides were within 0.01-0.05 mg/kg. The recoveries were within 70-120% and the relative standard deviations were below 20% for over 90% pesticides. The coefficients of determination were up to 0.999 for the linearity between MS signals and different concentrations of pesticides (20-200 ng/mL). The analytical performance was confirmed in determining pesticide residues in dried tangerine peel. SPE achieved comparable recoveries for all pesticides compared to the QuEChERS method.

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi) Protects against Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Inflammation in Diabetic Rats.

Dried tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae Pericarpium, CRP; Chenpi in Chinese) possesses medicine and food homology with hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of CRP extract on endothelial function and inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats and the related mechanisms. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ) in male Sprague Dawley rats, and CRP extract was orally administered at 400 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Rat and mouse aortas were treated with high glucose and CRP extract ex vivo. The data showed that the ethanolic extract of CRP normalized blood pressure and the plasma lipid profile as well as the plasma levels of liver enzymes in diabetic rats. Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations in aortas, carotid arteries and renal arteries were improved. CRP extract suppressed vascular inflammatory markers and induced AMPK activation in aortas of diabetic rats. Exposure to high glucose impaired vasodilation in aortas of rats and mice, and this impairment was prevented by co-incubation with CRP extract. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CRP extract protects endothelial function by inhibiting the vascular inflammatory state on activation of AMPK in diabetic rats.

Hydrophobic bioactive constituents of cinnamon bark as inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase from Musa acuminata ‘Mas’ peel.

The rich content of hydrophobic bioactive constituents in cinnamon bark is foreseen as a potential anti-browning inhibitor. In this study, hexane extract of cinnamon bark was examined along with aniseed, clove, coriander, cumin, dried tangerine peel and Sichuan pepper on antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-tyrosinase activities. Antioxidant and antibacterial do inhibit oxidation of browning intermediate products and prevent enzymatic browning activation as a defence response against bacteria invasion, respectively. Clove extract was the best radical scavenger (267.46 ± 17.87 mg AA/g) while Sichuan pepper extract was an excellent ferrous ion chelator (CEC50: 0.07 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Meanwhile, cinnamon bark extract was very effective at inhibiting the growth of selected bacterial with minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 0.25 to 0.50 mg/well. Anti-tyrosinase activity measures the spice capability to supress browning through tyrosinase inhibition. Cumin, cinnamon bark and dried tangerine peel extracts had comparable anti-tyrosinase activities with IC50 values ranged from 1.02 ± 0.13 to 2.39 ± 0.21 mg/mL. The good antibacterial and anti-tyrosinase activities of cinnamon bark extract was furthered examined on Musa acuminata ‘Mas’ peel polyphenol oxidase inhibition, where it exhibited mixed inhibition with IC50 value of 1.19 mg/mL. Cinnamon bark extract is potentially used as natural anti-browning additive that also compatible with most of the active packaging materials.

Quality standard and quality value transfer of reference samples of classical prescription Huagan Decoction

The detection method of characteristic spectrum for reference samples was established by preparing 15 batches of the reference samples of Huagan Decoction, and the peak attribution and the similarity range in the characteristic spectrum were clarified. The ranges of paste-forming rate, content, and transfer rate of the index components including geniposide, paeonol, and paeoniflorin were analyzed. The key quality attribute of the reference samples of Huagan Decoction was defined. The results showed that the 15 batches of the reference samples of Huagan Decoction had good similarities in the characteristic spectrum, which were all higher than 0.9. According to the information of characteristic peak, there were 18 characteristic peaks in the whole prescription, including seven common characteristic peaks from green tangerine peel and dried tangerine peel, four characteristic peaks from tree peony root bark(three of them were common characteristic peaks from tree peony root bark and red peony root), five characteristic peaks from cape jasmine fruit, one characteristic peak from paniculate bolbostemma, and one characteristic peak from oriental waterplantain rhizome.The paste-forming rate of the 15 batches of reference samples was 14.73%-18.83%. The content of geniposide was 1.68%-2.87%, with the average transfer rate of 70.05%±11.13%. The content of paeonol was 0.10%-0.16%, with the average transfer rate of 9.38%±1.78%. The content of paeoniflorin was 1.94%-2.74%, with the average transfer rate of 36.69%±4.63%. This study analyzed the quality value transfer of the reference samples of Huagan Decoction by the evaluation mode of combining the characteristic spectrum, the paste-forming rate, and the content of index components. The findings of this study initially established a stable and feasible standard decoction evaluation method and provided references for the quality control and the subsequent development of relevant preparations of Huagan Decoction.

Rapid identification of the storage age of dried tangerine peel using a hand-held near infrared spectrometer and machine learning

Dried tangerine peel is a Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. The storage age is an important indicator of its medicinal value, so it is very significant to accurately identify the storage age of dried tangerine peel. Traditional physical and chemical analysis methods can be used to achieve this goal, but these methods are limited by their operability and convenience. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and machine learning have excellent performance in the rapid detection of food and pharmaceutical samples. This study investigated the novel application of integrating a hand-held NIR spectrometer combined with machine learning to rapidly and accurately identify the storage age of Xinhui dried tangerine peel. Savitzky–Golay convolution smoothing, standard normal variate (SNV), first derivative, and second derivative pretreatments were employed to preprocess spectral data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the spectral data dimensions and obtain the characteristic spectral variables of each sample. Support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor were applied to establish the qualitative discriminant models. The SNV-PCA-SVM model discriminant accuracy was 99.60% in the validation set and was 96.50% in the test set, showing excellent generalization performance. The results indicated that the method of using a hand-held NIR spectrometer combined with machine learning could be applied to rapidly identify the storage age of Xinhui dried tangerine peel. This is a promising and economical hand-held NIR spectroscopic method for assuring the dried tangerine peel age on-site.

Physicochemical Properties of Various Commercial Dried Tangerine Peel Tea Products

Physicochemical Properties of Various Commercial Dried Tangerine Peel Tea Products

Data mining and network pharmacology study on dried tangerine peel and immature tangerine peel essential oil as a treatment for liver depression and insomnia

Background: With the variation of modern medical mode from “disease medicine” to “health medicine,” the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) aromatherapy befits an important part of the exclusive health service resource intended for the prevention of diseases, rehabilitation and health care in China. Liver depression and insomnia are among the human health conditions that are apparently treated by TCMs since the ancient Chinese period. Objectives: To study the mechanism of volatile oil in treating liver depression and insomnia. Materials and Methods: Through data mining, we found dried and immature tangerine peel as a prescription for treating liver depression and insomnia. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was achieved to control the chemical composition of the essential oil. The effects of dried and immature tangerine peel essential oil on sleep latency and sleep duration were also explored using a pentobarbital-induced sleep test in mice. Network pharmacology tactics was executed to determine the potential active ingredients and molecular mechanism of the dried and immature tangerine peel essential oil in treating liver depression and insomnia. Results: Dried and immature tangerine peel essential oil has both calming and tranquilizing effects. Based on the network pharmacology, it was foretold that essential oil were mostly employed to treat liver depression and insomnia with predicted functions convoluted in regulating several neurotransmitters, such as the gamma-aminobutyric acid in the neuroactive receptor-ligand signaling pathway. Conclusion: In this study, the effect of volatile oil from dried tangerine peel and immature tangerine peel on mice sleep was established, and the mechanism of action for treating liver depression and insomnia was preliminarily deliberated.

Mixed polysaccharides derived from Shiitake mushroom, Poriacocos, Ginger, and Tangerine peel enhanced protective immune responses in mice induced by inactivated influenza vaccine

Influenza viruses are responsible for severe respiratory tract infections of individuals and may cause pandemics with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. Although vaccination is a primary means for prevention of influenza virus infections, poor vaccine performance or inadequate immune responses limits the efficacy of current vaccines and raises question regarding whether a better correlates of protection procedures should be performed. Here, we want to evaluate whether mixed polysaccharides (MPs) derived from shiitake mushroom, poriacocos, ginger, and dried tangerine peel could promote the immune response of inactivated influenza vaccine. Firstly, MPs were given to mice each day and for a total of 30 days, during which two immunizations were performed on mice on days 14 and 21. The results showed that serum total IgG and IgG2a levels were increased in MPs-treated mice on day 30. Following A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus challenge, we found that MPs pretreatment in mice could increase mice weight gain and attenuate their clinical symptoms. Additional protective factors were also observed including prevention of excessive lung inflammation, promotion of CD19+ and CD278+ cell proportions in lung, elimination of virus in lung, and elevation of IFN-γ levels in serum. The current study demonstrate that MPs from shiitake mushroom, poriacocos, ginger, and dried tangerine peel could promote the immune efficacy and alleviate lung inflammation in mice with vaccines against H1N1 virus infection by activating both humoral and cellular immunity.

Study on medication rules of modern chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on data mining

Objective: Based on data mining technology, we attempted to explore the medication rules of modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, to provide a reference for clinical drug use. Methods: From 2010 to 2017, TCM compounds used for NSCLC treatment were collected from the Beijing 301 Hospital. The modern TCM compounds utilized in the treatment of NSCLC were established in the prescription database. Excel, SPSS 22, and SPSS Modeler14.2 software were utilized for the frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and association analysis. Then, the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the regularity of TCM compound medications were performed, and the possible mechanism was discussed. Results: The treatment of NSCLC using Chinese herbal compounds involved 231 prescriptions, 389 types of Chinese herbs, and 135 types of high-frequency Chinese herbs. Of these, Fritillaria cirrhosa, stir-baked fried Scutellariae, raw Os Draconis, Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, and Scutellaria barbata were the top five frequently prescribed Chinese herbs. Among the 39 types of drugs, heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs and qi-tonifying drugs were the leading. Cold, warm, flat, slightly cold, sweet, bitter, and pungent of four properties and five tastes and the meridians of lung, spleen, and stomach were most commonly selected. Factor analysis extracted 12 common factors, and the cumulative contribution rate was 65.595%, which mainly contained tonifying qi and blood; tonifying yin, clearing away heat, and eliminating stagnation; tonifying the spleen, regulating qi, and eliminating phlegm. Forty drug groups were obtained by cluster analysis; a total of 63 association rules were obtained by association analysis. The pairs of Poria cocos → dried tangerine peel and fried Atractylodes macrocephala → dried tangerine peel were commonly used in NSCLC, while the three most frequent herb groups were raw Astragalus → fried A. macrocephala and Poria cocos; raw-medicated leaven → fried A. macrocephala and Poria cocos; and dried tangerine peel → fried A. macrocephala and Poria cocos. Conclusion: Lung cancer is mainly caused by qi stagnation, phlegm obstruction, phlegm, and blood stasis. Based on the principle of strengthening the body and dispelling pathogens, clinical treatment of NSCLC involves clearing heat and detoxifying, tonifying the spleen, regulating qi, eliminating phlegm to dispel pathogens, and tonifying qi and blood to strengthen the body.

A nanocomposite consisting of ionic liquid-functionalized layered Mg(II)/Al(III) double hydroxides for simultaneous electrochemical determination of cadmium(II), copper(II), mercury(II) and lead(II).

An electrochemical sensor is described for the simultaneous determination of Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride homopolymer ionic liquid doped into magnesium(II)-aluminium(III) layered double hydroxides. The morphology investigations suggest that the material possesses typical interconnected laminated micropores and a mesoporous architecture dispersed on the surface of the GCE. This accelerates mass diffusion and facilitates the deposition-stripping process of metal ions. Key operational parameters including pH, deposition potential, deposition time and the quantity of nanomaterial on the GCE were optimized. The following figures of merit for the ions Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ are obtained under optimum conditions: (a) detection limits of 250, 25, 250 and 16ngL-1; (b) linear ranges from 0.5 to 20, 0.05 to 20, 0.5 to 20 and 0.05 to 20μgL-1, and (c) peak potentials of -768, +42, +302 and - 541mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). The modified GCE was successfully applied to the determination of these ions in spiked black tea extract and in dried tangerine peel. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of novel electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with IL-Mg/Al-LDHs composites for the simultaneous detection of Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+.

Efficiency of four different dietary preparation methods in extracting functional compounds from dried tangerine peel

Dried tangerine peel (DTP) is an excellent plant resource that has been used as ingredients for both food and traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, the efficiency of four different dietary preparation methods (i.e. soaking, boiling, steaming, and ethanol extraction) in extraction of functional compounds (i.e. flavonoids and essential oil constituents) from DTP was evaluated systematically for the first time. To conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the extraction of the functional compounds, a synthetic evaluation model based on a weighting method was established. The optimum conditions of each dietary preparation method (e.g., time, temperature, solid-liquid ratio, etc.) were determined by response surface methodology. Ethanol extraction showed the best extraction efficiency, followed by soaking, boiling, and steaming. Additionally, different DTP extracts were shown to be clearly distinguished by electronic eye and electronic tongue. This research provides essential findings for the effective dietary instruction of DTP consumption.

Determination of the raw material feeding (Gentiana scabra, Katsumade Galangal Seed and dried tangerine peel) in compound gentian tincture by HPLC-MS/MS

Objective To establish a HPLC-MS/MS method for comprehensive monitor and control of the raw material feeding (Gentiana scabra, Katsumade Galangal Seed and dried tangerine peel), and determination of Gentiopicroside, Alpinetin, Cardamonin and Hesperidin in Compound gentian tincture. Methods The separation was performed on an Inertsil ODS-3 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) analytical column with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution by gradient elution program, and the column temperature was 40 ℃. Active ingredients were separated by HPLC. The Electrospray Ionization Mass (ESI) source was applied and operated in the negative ion mode, and reactions ion monitoring mode (MRM) for quantitative analysis were selected. Results Through the analysis of the samples with mixed extract the same characteristic peak in MS was found to determine the proprietary Chinese medicine according to the prescription feeding process. The calibration curve of Gentiopicroside, Alpinetin,Cardamonin and Hesperidin were linear: 103.26-619.56 μg (r=0.999 0), 109.50-657.00 μg (r=0.999 5), 105.50-633.00 μg (r=0.996 9), 105.02-630.12 μg (r=0.999 5). The precision was Gentiopicroside 0.81%, Alpinetin 0.48%, Cardamonin 0.61% and Hesperidin 1.55% respectively. The average recovery rate were Gentiopicroside 95.08%, Alpinetin 93.28%, Cardamonin 94.78% and Hesperidin 95.04% respectively. Conclusions The method was proved to be simple, accurate, reliable, high sensitivity and can be used for determination and control of the raw material feeding (Gentiana scabra, Katsumade Galangal Seed and dried tangerine peel). Key words: Gentiopicroside; Alpinetin; Cardamonin; Hesperidin; Compound gentian tincture; HPLC-MS/MS

Effects ofin vitrosimulated digestion on the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of aged and fresh dried tangerine peel

The effects of digestion in vitro on the flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of aged and fresh dried tangerine peel were investigated by treating with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) compared with organic solvent or deionized water. The total phenolic content of both aged and fresh dried tangerine peel were significantly decreased by SGF and SIF treatments, with the exception of the SIF-treated fresh dried peel. The total flavonoid content of both the aged and fresh dried tangerine peel were also reduced by SGF, but not by SIF, compared with deionized water. FRAP values were markedly improved by SGF and reduced by SIF treatments compared with deionized water. Conversely, the ABTS value of SIF-treated fresh dried peel was significantly higher than that of SGF-treated peel. The antioxidant activities of tangerine peel were altered by simulated digestion in vitro. Practical applications Citrus peel is the main byproduct of the citrus industry. Tangerine is one of the most important citrus widely planted in Southeast Asia. Dried tangerine peel which called “Chenpi” in Chinese traditional medicine was used for indigestion and inflammatory treatments. Dried tangerine peel can be developed as functional foods. To investigate the simulated gastric and intestinal fluid digestion on the contents of active component and antioxidant activities of aged dried tangerine peel and fresh dried tangerine peel could provide a theoretical basis for the commercial development and utilization of dried tangerine peel.

Infrared Drying as a Quick Preparation Method for Dried Tangerine Peel.

To establish the most convenient and effective method to dry tangerine peels, different methods (sun drying, hot-air drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, and medium- and short-wave infrared drying) were exploited. Our results indicated that medium- and short-wave infrared drying was the best method to preserve nutraceutical components; for example, vitamin C was raised to 6.77 mg/g (D.W.) from 3.39 mg/g (sun drying). Moreover, the drying time can be shortened above 96% compared with sun drying. Importantly, the efficiency of DPPH radical scavenging was enhanced from 26.66% to 55.92%. These findings would provide a reliable and time-saving methodology to produce high-quality dried tangerine peels.

Effect of dried tangerine peel extract supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of broiler chicks

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dried tangerine peel extract (DTPE) supplementation on the growth performance and immune and antioxidant status of broiler chicks. A total of 525 day-old, male, Arbour Acres (AA) broiler chicks were fed a basal diet (CTR) either with or without 80, 160, 240 and 480 mg DTPE/kg diet. The chicks were randomly assigned into five dietary groups for a 42-day experiment. There were seven replicates per group and 15 chicks per replicate. At 42 days of age, two birds from each cage were selected for blood sampling. The dietary DTPE supplementation linearly increased the body weight and the average daily gain (p = .03; p = .03) and quadratically increased the average daily feed intake (p = .02) during the starter period. In addition, the plasma lysozyme level in the 80 or 160 mg/kg DTPE group increased compared to the CTR group (p = .02 and .07, respectively). Chicks fed 80-mg/kg DTPE reduced the malondialdehyde concentration (p = .02) compared with birds fed the CTR diets. Moreover, the plasma glutathione peroxidase activities in the low DTPE dietary groups (80 and 160 mg/kg) were higher than in the CTR (p < .01) and 240 mg/kg DTPE group (p < .01 and p = .02, respectively). The results of the present study indicate that dietary DTPE with low supplemental dosage (≤160 mg/kg) might positively modulate the systemic antioxidative defence property of chicks.

Quality Characteristics of Pork Cutlet Sauce by the Addition Crataegi Fructus Flour and Dried Tangerine Peel Flour

Quality Characteristics of Pork Cutlet Sauce by the Addition Crataegi Fructus Flour and Dried Tangerine Peel Flour