Dried Sugar Beet Pulp Research Articles

The Effect of Urea and Niacin Addition in the Mixed Feed with Dried Sugar Beet Pulp and Tapioka on Degradability of Certain Food Matter in the Rumen

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different energy sources feeds, which are dried sugar beet pulp (pulp) and tapioka added 2% urea and 400 mg/kg niacin on the feed consumption and degredation of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP)in rumen fistulated four Akkaraman rams were fed ad libitum according to 4x4 latin suguare design in this study. The first experimental mixed feed groups, consisted of control (C), pulp (P), pulp added niacin (p+Ni) and pulp added niacin and urea (P+Ni+U). The second mixed feed groups, consisted of control (C), tapioca (T), tapioca added niacin (T+Ni) and tapioca added niacin and urea (T+Ni+U). In the first experiment, daily average feed consumption was found as 1322.3, 1204.8, 1394.1 and 1478.5 g,. respectively (p

Feed Value of Food Industry By-Products Poultry Manure Mixture Silages

Aim of the study was to investigate feed value, quality of silages produced by ensiling mixtures of poultry manure with apple pomace, dried sugar beet pulp and tomato pulp. It has been determined that the quality of apple pomace, dried sugar beet pulp, tomato pulp and poultry manure mixture silages were good and did not include pathogen microorganisms of the levels detrimental to animals health. In addition to this dry matter digestibility 54.96, 76.16 and 52.23%; organic matter digestibility 61.92, 78.40 and 54.39%; crude protein digestibility 60.88, 77.97 and 66.10%; crude fat digestibility 45.01, 74.44 and 78.10%; crude cellulose digestibility 25.30, 73.64 and 24.85%; nitrogen free extract matters digestibility 92.09, 85.69 and 83.20%; metabolic energy contents of the silages were determined as 2079.78, 2356.06 and 1507.13 Kcal/kg respectively.

The Effect of In-Silo Effluent Absorbents on Effluent Production and Silage Quality

Experimental data on the effects of absorbent inclusion in the silo on effluent production and silage quality is reviewed. The absorbent materials used in various studies include straw, hay, paper, bentonite, polymers, cereals, dried sugarbeet pulp, various by-products and compound feeds formulated to reduce effluent and enhance silage quality. Most studies have shown absorbent inclusion (20–80 kg/t) to reduce total effluent production by 20–85%. The amount of effluent retained per unit of absorbent varied widely for different absorbents and for the same absorbent in different experiments. This variation cannot be attributed simply to differences in experimental procedures and implies that crop characteristics such as proportion of stem, amount of surface water, etc. influence the effectiveness of absorbents. Highly lignified materials (hay, straw, newspaper) and absorptive minerals (bentonite), though highly absorptive, adversely affect nutritive quality and are unlikely to find application in current conservation systems. The inclusion of cereals in the silo has generally improved fermentation and nutritive quality but their effectiveness as absorbents is questioned in several experiments. Inclusion of dried sugarbeet pulp has almost invariably reduced effluent production although the amount retained has varied widely between experiments. Sugarbeet inclusion improved fermentation and reduced losses when the untreated grass was poorly fermented. Silage quality was improved by sugarbeet inclusion; the overall efficiency of inclusion, compared to supplementary feeding, appears to depend on the extent to which sugarbeet inclusion influences in-silo losses and silage intake. The results repeated for proprietary absorbents have been generally similar to those for sugarbeet. The evidence available suggests that incorporation of sugarbeet or proprietary absorbents in the silo would be beneficial, particularly if the untreated crop is likely to be poorly fermented. The main factors mitigating against these or other absorbents is the unpredictability of effluent retention and the additional labour, resources and silo space required at harvest time.

The Effect of Urea and Niacin Addition in the Mixed Feed With Dried Sugar Beet Pulp on the Rumen Liquid and Blood Parameters

Four rumen fistulated and ad-libitum fed Akkaraman rams were used in this study by using 4x4 latin square desing. Four types of treatment, namely control (K), pulp (P), pulp added niacin (P+Ni) and pulp added niacin and urea (P+Ni+Ü) were used in this experiments. The rate of dried sugar beet pulp was 50%, urea was 2% and niacin was 400 mg/kg in the mixed feed. The rumen liquid pH of animal consumed these feed were 5.89, 6.48, 6.47 and 6.50; rumen ammonia-N concentrations 24.40, 41.27, 37.48 and 41.41 mg/100 ml for K, P, P+Ni and P+Ni+Ü feeds respectively. The level of rumen liquid pH and ammonia-N were found to be higher in the other feed groups than K group (P0.05), but decreased on the pH of rumen liquid (P

Dry matter and nutrient degradability of foodstuffs after incubation in the rumen (nylon bag technique)

The digestion of dry matter and nutrients of wheat/barley, maize, potatoes, dried sugar beet chips dried sugar beet pulp and barley straw were studied by means of the nylon bag method on two steers with fistulated rumens. Compared with that of the other feedstuffs with a high starch content, the disappearance of maize was significantly lower in terms of dry matter (20%), starch (38%) and crude protein (23%). In the case of cereals, dry matter degradability correlated closely with the disappearance of crude protein and starch (r = 0.9), and for straw and dried sugar beet pulp it correlated closely with crude cellulose disappearance (r = 0.9). The high degree of crude cellulose of dried sugar beet pulp is due mainly to the low lignin content of the dried sugar beet pulp.

Food conversion in the digestive system of juvenile bulls. 3. Rumen liquor investigations

Two bulls with a permanent rumen fistula and a re-entrant cannula at the duodenum were fed various concentrates and straw (dry matter ration composition: 60% concentrate, 40% straw). Negative correlations were found between the pH value and total fatty acid concentration (r = -0.70). The animals were given the straw one hour before the concentrate. The pH value increased to not more than 7.3 one hour after they had received the straw. It did not drop below 6.4 after the concentrate with any of the rations. The addition of dried sugar beet pulp to the rations leads to a higher mean acetate concentration than the other rations and causes an unvarying high total fatty acid concentration.

Food conversion in the digestive system of juvenile bulls. 1. Conversion of protein and amino acids

Fistulated bulls (duodenal bridge fistulas) received 10 rations containing 60% concentrate and combinations of carbohydrates from various sources to investigate the protein and amino acid flux in the digestive tract. With a constant crude protein concentration of 12-13% in the rations (adjusted by adding urea), an average of 85 +/- 8% of the crude protein ingested with the feed were found in the duodenum. The highest values were measured for rations containing wheat/dried sugar beet chips (97% and 67% resp.). The mean percentage of bacterial crude protein in the corrected total protein found in the duodenum was 69 +/- 11%. This fraction accounted for 53% and 51% respectively for the rations containing maize or fodder beet and increased to above 70% with the rations containing dried sugar beet chips. The amounts of lysine, threonine, methionine and glycine found in the duodenum were always higher than in the feed. The highest synthesis rates were found in animals receiving rations containing fodder beet or dried sugar beet chips, and the lowest was measured for dried sugar beet pulp. Glutamic acid was slight, and no histidine synthesis was detected. The concentration of the amino acids per kg dry matter digesta was similar for the individual amino acids. Crude bacterial protein productions was relatively low (80 to 113 g bacterial crude protein per kg digestible organic matter), but correlated with ration composition.

Solubility, Water-Holding Capacity, and Specific Gravity of Different Concentrates

The effects of solubility and water-holding capacity on functional and unit specific gravity were evaluated in samples of fish, soybean, linseed, corn gluten, corn gluten feed, corn, barley, and dehydrated alfalfa meals and in wheat bran, raw flaked soybeans, cottonseeds, and dried sugar beet pulp. Solubility was estimated by washing the samples in nylon bags in a washing machine. Functional specific gravity was estimated in a pycnometer for unwashed and washed samples after 0 and 15h of soaking in distilled water. Water-holding capacity was measured by a centrifugation method and by a filtration method. Unit specific gravity was estimated as the weighted mean of the functional specific gravity of insoluble DM and the specific gravity of water held by the particles. Solubility and functional specific gravity of insoluble DM varied significantly among feedstuffs from 5.0 to 53.2% of DM and from 1.31 to 1.62, respectively. The increase in functional specific gravity from soaking was small. Water-holding capacity was lower with filtration than with centrifugation methods and varied from .94 to 6.44g of H2O/g of DM. Unit specific gravity varied significantly from 1.07 to 1.24. Soluble fractions and water-holding capacity can markedly influence the functional and unit specific gravity of concentrate particles.

Effects of Beet Pulp and Animal By-Products on Milk Yield and In Vitro Fermentation by Rumen Microorganisms

Forty-six Holstein cows (30 primiparous) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial experiment during wk 4 to 17 of lactation. Main effects were corn versus dried sugar beet pulp and soybean meal versus animal by-product meal (mixture of meat and bone meal, feather meal, and blood meal). Beet pulp replaced half of the corn at 15% of dietary DM. Diet DM (mean of four treatments) contained 18% alfalfa pellets, 17.4% alfalfa hay, 17.2% corn silage, and 47.1% concentrate. Milk yield did not differ among treatments (mean 32.0 kg/d). Dry matter intake, milk CP percentage, and milk CP yield decreased 5.6, 3.7 and 5.2%, respectively, but milk fat percentage increased 4.7% when beet pulp replaced corn. Animal by-products did not affect DMI or milk fat, but milk CP percentage decreased 3.0%. The same diets were evaluated in a continuous culture system. Fungal extract (Aspergillus oryzae), added as the third treatment, had little effect on fermentation. Digestion of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF were not affected by dietary treatments. Molar proportion of acetate was greater when corn was replaced by beet pulp. Although flow of NAN from fermenters increased by 3.2% with beet pulp and 3.1% with animal by-products, milk CP percentages decreased.

The Effect of dietary fibre on the meat eating and fat quality of finishing pigs fed ad libitum

Microbial activity in the gut of pigs may influence meat eating quality through the fermentation of dietary substrates to intermediate and end products which can be absorbed and concentrated in tissue. In turn, it may thus be possible to modify the eating quality of pig meat by dietary manipulation of gut microbial activity. This can be achieved by using feed ingredients with high levels of fibre (non-starch polysaccharides NSP). The response may differ depending on NSP composition, its effects on microbial activity and the concentration of substrates which are fermented to compounds having either negative or positive effects on meat quality. For example, Lundstrom et al. (1988) were able to formulate a high-fibre diet which increased fat skatole concentrations and associated undesirable flavours in meat from boars. On the other hand Longland et al. (1991) found that the overall acceptability of meat from growing pigs was enhanced by feeding up to 300 g/kg of dried sugar beet pulp (SBP), which is a rich source of readily fermentable NSP.The aim of this study was to compare effects on meat eating and fat quality from growing pigs fed SBP (unmolassed) and oatfeed (OF), a cereal by-product high in insoluble NSP which is less readily degraded.

Influence of the ratio between wheat straw and ground barley, ground corn or dried sugar beet pulp on in sacco dry matter degradation of ryegrass and wheat straw, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility in sheep.

Castrated male sheep were fed with 5 different rations varying in the straw to concentrate ratio between 100: 0, 75: 25, 50: 50, 25: 75 and 0: 100. Ground barley, ground corn and dried sugar beet pulp were used as concentrate sources. Chopped winter wheat straw was fed as roughage source. All rations were supplemented with a protein-mineral-vitamin-premix. In sacco dry matter degradability of artificially dried ryegrass, untreated and ammonia treated wheat straw was measured within three rumen fistulated sheep. Nylon bags were incubated for 48 h in the rumen of sheep. Volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid were determined by gas chromatography. Samples were taken via rumen fistula 3 h after morning feeding. Apparent digestibility of organic matter and fibre fractions of total rations were determined within five sheep. Increased concentrate portion decreased in sacco dry matter degradability of incubated roughages. Decrease of dry matter degradability was much higher for ammonia treated (from 55.0 to 22.5%) and untreated straw (from 50.9 to 22.7%) than for ryegrass (from 75.6 to 69.2%), when concentrate increased from 0 to 100% of ration. The highest concentrate portions did not show any increase of degradability of ammonia treated straw. Specific concentrate effects were observed when 75 and 100% concentrate were fed (unphysiological level). Ground barley as concentrate source decreased rumen pH to a larger extent (down to 5.18) than corn and sugar beet pulp (down to 5.60 and 5.57). Sheep suffered from rumen acidosis in some cases. Higher concentrate levels increased concentration of total volatile fatty acids of rumen liquid and molar concentration of propionate and butyrate, but decreased acetate. Various concentrate sources showed different influences on parameters of rumen fermentation. Apparent digestibility of organic matter of total rations increased from 52.7 to 86.1% if concentrate portions enhanced from 0 to 100%. High portions of ground barley decreased cellulolytic activity and fibre digestion. On the other hand high levels of sugar beet pulp increased digestibility of crude fibre and neutral detergent fibre.

Effect of virginiamycin supplementation on the performance of young grazing cattle

AbstractThree experiments have been conducted to study the effect of virginiamycin in young grazing‐bulls (Experiment 1) and heifers (Experiments 2 and 3). Rotational grazing on permanent grassland was practised and animals were supplemented with 1 kg dried sugarbeet pulp per head daily. Control groups did not receive virginiamycin via the supplement, while it was incorporated at 120, 300 and 200 mg kg−1 for the treatment groups in Experiments 1 to 3 respectively.Average daily liveweight gain was significantly increased from 0·59 to 0·72 kg in Experiment 1 and from 0·73 to 0·81 kg in Experiment 3, but was not affected in Experiment 2 (0·51 vs 0·55 kg). Virginiamycin also increased liveweight gain per ha by 12, 7 and 13%, respectively, for the three experiments. Grazed area per animal was not enlarged to the same extent as the calculated daily energy allowances, which may suggest an improved digestibility and/or rumen fermentation.

Feeding value of dried sugar beet pulp from Egyptian production.

Dried sugar beet pulp was fed to sheep in mixture with molasses (BPM), molasses plus urea (BPMU) or with hay (BPH) in comparison to whole diet of hay (H) in four metabolic trials. There were no significant differences among the four rations although BPMU reflected the highest digestibility of nutrients. The BPH had the highest feeding value (total digestible nutrients "TDN" and metabolizable energy) and caused the highest retention of nitrogen. Blood profile revealed that there were no significant effect of the rations on packed cell volume, haemoglobin, activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, Mg and Na. Whereas glucose, total N, Ca, P and K significantly affected. The BPMU and BPH were found to be the best mixtures of the four tested rations in respect to the digestibility, feeding value and blood picture. Thus, dried sugar beet pulp could be offered to animals in a mixture with molasses and urea or with hay according to the availability and price of the other ingredients than beet pulp, i.e. molasses and urea or hay.

Utilization of wheat stubble pastures by gestating ewes

A 4-month field trial was conducted with 48 mature Sardi ewes on the effects of stocking rate and supplementation on wheat stubble availability, biomass, chemical composition, dry matter (DM) intake and diet quality, and to test the effectiveness of supplementation in late gestation on ewes and lamb live weights (LW). Animals on treatments A (12 ewes ha −1) and B (24 ewes ha −1) grazed stubble alone for 10 weeks; animals on treatment C (24 ewes ha −1) received alfalfa hay at 0.5% LW (as-fed basis) after 4 weeks of grazing. At the start of the 11th week of grazing (last 5 to 6 weeks of gestation) alfalfa supplementation was discontinued and animals from each plot received a high (200 g cottonseed meal and 300 g whole barley) or a low (200 g cottonseed meal and 50 g whole barley) daily concentrate supplement. At lambing, all ewes were removed from the stubble and given an identical pen-fed ration of 1250 g chopped alfalfa hay, 400 g dried sugar beet pulp and 500 g whole barley. Stocking rate had no effect on biomass throughout the trial. Amount of wheat stubble and weeds did not differ up to the fourth week of grazing but declined sharply thereafter ( P< 0.05). Residual grain totally disappeared during the same initial period. Crude protein (CP) and fiber fractions of weed-free stubble were similar first but then CP decreased ( P<0.05) and fiber fractions increased ( P<0.05), except for acid detergent lignin which remained constant. Crude protein and ash content of esophageal extrusa samples decreased ( P<0.05) and neutral detergenber increased ( P<0.05) with increasing stocking rate. In vitro digestibility of extrusa and ewe DM intake tended to be lower at the higher stocking rate. Stocking rate had no effect on ewe performance on treatments A and C whereas animals on treatment B initially gained but then lost weight. Concentrate supplementation during the last 4 weeks of gestation tended to double LW gain of ewes on treatment A, compared to C. Lamb birth weight averaged 4.0 kg. Weight gains of A lambs were higher than of C lambs ( P<0.01), suggesting that ewes on treatment A had been fed adequately and produced enough milk for normal lamb growth rate, but ewes on B had not.

Untersuchungen zur Energetischen Verwertung von Zuckerrüben, Trockenschnitzeln, Rohrzucker und Apfelpektin durch Wachsende Schweine

The energetic utilization of rations with raw and steamed sugar beets, dried sugar beet pulp (16 measured values each), sucrose and apple pectin (8 measured values each) as supplement feed to a basic ration was measured at 4 growing pigs each in the live weight range of between 40 and 130 kg. The utilization of the energy in the rations amounted to 69.1 +/- 5.5, 68.3 +/- 7.1, 60.9 +/- 5.8, 70.5 +/- 4.1 and 69.9 +/- 6.9% (same sequence as above). The utilization values for the supplemented feedstuffs were 69.2 +/- 7.4, 68.0 +/- 10.0, 55.9 +/- 9.7, 72.2 +/- 7.6 and 71.7 +/- 17.3%. The average retention value of the digestible pectin was derived from the test results with dried sugar beet pulp and apple pectin as 5.8 kJ/g. An influence of the ontogenetic development on energy utilization cannot be derived from the comparison of the retention effect of digestible nutrients measured at growing pigs and that derived from adult pigs.

Untersuchungen zur Energetischen Verwertung von Zuckerrüben, Trockenschnitzeln, Rohrzucker und Apfelpektin Durch Wachsende Schweine

Total metabolism experiments with a basic ration were carried out over two measuring periods and with a basic ration plus supplements of raw sugar beets, steamed sugar beets, dried sugar beet pulp, sucrose and apple pectin resp. with 4 pigs per test group and 4 test groups (LW 40-135 kg). Live weight gain was approximately equal after the feeding of raw and steamed sugar beets. It amounted to 650 g/animal and day in the first experimental period and to 715 g in the second. After feeding dried sugar beet pulp as supplement the corresponding weight gain was 525 and 565 g/animal and day. In the course of the ontogenetic development up to a live weight of about 70 kg an increase of digestibility could be observed. Adaptation cannot be excluded. This question will be pursued in the following experiments, so that consequences for energetic feed evaluation have to be postponed. For both raw and steamed sugar beets the digestibility of the organic matter was 88%, of NFE 95% and of water soluble carbohydrates 95%.

The estimation of nutritive value of dairy cattle feed

A survey is given of different methods used for the estimation of the net energy lactation and the digestible crude protein content of forages (grass hay, grass silage, maize silage) as well as tuber crops (fodder beet, turnips, raw potatoes), by-products (dried sugarbeet pulp, pressed sugarbeet pulp), compound feeds and raw ingredients for dairy cattle. The following methods are discussed: --methods only based on chemical parameters: crude fibre and cell walls. --methods using rumen fluid from fistulated animals: the two step in vitro digestibility technique, the Hohenheim Futterwert test. --methods using enzyme (cellulase) preparations. --the near infrared reflection spectroscopy. The estimation of the energy value of raw ingredients is discussed more in detail. Formulas for the rapid calculation of the energy value of pulp and tubers are reported. The results obtained at the National Institute for Animal Nutrition in Melle-Gontrode with the two step in vitro digestion technique and a developed cellulase method are illustrated more in detail.

The effect of two heat treatments (steam flaking and extrusion) on the digestion of Pisum sativum in the stomachs of heifers

Six Friesian heifers weighing 546 kg body weight and fitted with permanent ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a cross-over design to study the effect of steam flaking and extrusion of peas ( Pisum sativum) on ruminal fermentation, and starch, nitrogen and amino acid flow to the duodenum. Ground (GP), steam-flaked (SFP) and extruded peas (EXP) were fed in diets composed of 39% peas, 32% dried sugar beet pulp and 25% wheat straw supplemented with vitamins and minerals. Chromic oxide, polyethylene glycol and diaminopimelic acid were used as particulate, liquid and bacterial markers, respectively. Steam flaking did not significantly affect any of the parameters studied in vivo. Extrusion of pea decreased N solubility and gelatinized starch without a negative effect on N pepsin solubility and lysine bioavailability. The total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher for EXP than for GP (98.5 and 87.3 mM l −1; P<0.05) and ruminal ammonia was lower (9.8 vs. 15.5 mg per 100 ml; P<0.001). The duodenal flow of starch was not significantly affected by processing. Extrusion was associated with higher feed N (81 vs. 68 g day −1; P>0.05), bacterial N (104 vs. 68 g day −1; P<0.01), non-ammonia N (185 vs. 136 g day −1; P<0.001) and flow of all amino acids to the duodenum ( P<0.01).

The energy utilization of root vegetables and their processed products by adult swine

The energetic utilization of raw and steamed sugar beets, raw carrots and fresh conserved or dried sugar beet pulp was measured at 8 adult pigs each with the application of the respiration experiment method. The experiment was laid out according to the difference method with 4 periods of basic rations per animal. The digestibility of the energy of the 5 feedstuffs (sequence as above) was measured as 85, 87, 83, 67 and 69% and energy retention as 10.1, 9.8, 9.1, 8.2 and 8.1 MJ/kg DM. In comparison to earlier measurings (Schiemann et al., 1966) digestibility was by 4%, relatively, lower. Under consideration of the difference in the digestibility of energy, there is very good agreement in energy retention.

Utilization of sugar beet molasses and monensin for finishing dairy bullocks

Twenty-two bullocks (11 American Holstein × European Friesian (H × F) and 11 American Holstein × Moroccan Brown Atlas (H × B)) were used to evaluate effects of feeding levels of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris altissima) molasses with and without monensin and effect of maternal dam on feedlot performance. Three levels of molasses were fed (0, 30 and 60% of diet dry matter (DM)) with two levels of monensin; 0 or 200 mg h −1/day, −M and +M, respectively. Dried sugar beet pulp was used as the primary energy source in the 0% molasses diets and molasses replaced it in the remaining diets. Animals consuming 0%−M or 30%+M had greater ( P < 0.05) daily gains than animals consuming 30%−M or 60%−M (1.15, 1.15, 0.75 and 0.67 kg liveweight/day, respectively). Feed intake (kg DM h −1/day) was not effected by diet. Feed efficiency, (kg kg −1), was superior ( P < 0.05) for animals consuming 0%−M, 30%+M and 60%+M and 60%+M than for animals consuming 60%−M (7.60, 7.16, 9.29 and 13.84 kg DM/kg liveweight, respectively). Ruminal pH was increased ( P < 0.05) when monensin was fed. Digestibility of dietary DM, organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) increased linearly ( P < 0.05) with increasing levels of molasses. A linear decrease ( P < 0.05) was observed for acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility and a quadratic decrease ( P < 0.05) was observed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) as molasses level increased. Digestible energy (DE) content of the diets was unchanged with increasing levels of molasses. Feed consumption, kg DM h −1/day and feed efficiency (kg feed DM/kg liveweight gain) were greater ( P < 0.05) for the H × F animals than H × B animals. Carcass characteristics were also superior for the H × F animals.