Extract Of Dried Flowers Research Articles

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF COSMETIC CREAMS WITH EXTRACTS OF DRY FLOWERS AND FRUITS OF SAMBUCUS NIGRA L. - USE OF SAMBUCUS NIGRA L. AS A NON-TRADITIONAL CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVE

Natural ingredients rich in antioxidants and polyphenols in the forme of extracts, essential oils, organic acids have been used in the production of different cosmetic products. In the development of new cosmetic compositions, or the improvement of products already implemented in production, the evaluation of the user is of great importance, as it directly affects the demand for a given product. The present study aimed to produce phytocosmetic creams based on stearic acid with extracts of dry flower and fruit juice of Sambucus nigra L. (S. nigra) and to investigatein parallel their potential as substitutes for conventional preservatives. The obtained creams were determined for minimum inhibitory, and minimum bactericidal activity using three bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633). In addition, the antibacterial effect of creams against Escherichia coli (BW 28357) was determined. In our experiments we found that addition of dried flower extracts or elderberry fruit extracts from S. nigra in the emulsion does not disturb the compositional system. In conclusion, according to the results, the Sambucus nigra L. extracts from dry flowers and elderberry fruitsare appropriate for use in cosmetic emulsions that demonstated antioxidant stability and antibacterial properties.

Experimental Design-Assisted Optimization of Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Quantitation of Phenolic Compounds in Dried Flowers Extract

This research aimed to develop and validate a reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method to determine phenolic compounds in dried flowers extract simultaneously. The research was divided into two parts: (1) optimization of the separation condition employing a Box Behnken design, and (2) validation test including assessment for the precision, accuracy, and method applicability of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with Diode Array Detector (DAD). The studied factors for the optimization of the separation condition were flow rate (0.8−1.2 ml min-1), percentage of the mobile phase at the beginning (0−20% phase B), and end (70−100% phase B) of the gradient program. It was statistically evinced that the chromatographic resolutions (Rs>1.0) indicated acceptable separation for protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. A fast separation method (8.00 min) was achieved by applying the optimum condition of a flow rate of 1 mL min-1, mobile phase composition of 20% acidified methanol at the beginning, and 100% acidified methanol at the end of the gradient program. The validation was then performed for the developed method assuring high precision and accuracy. Additionally, the HPLC-DAD method was successfully applied to determine the phenolic compounds in three dried flower extracts revealing that the method was reliable for routine analyses.

Novel Compound from Flowers of Moringa oleifera Active Against Multi- Drug Resistant Gram-negative Bacilli.

The need for suitable antibacterial agents effective against Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria is acknowledged globally. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible antibacterial potential of an extracted compound from edible flowers of Moringa oleifera. Five different solvents were used for preparing dried flower extracts. The most effective extract was subjected to fractionation and further isolation of the active compound with the highest antibacterial effect was obtained using TLC, Column Chromatography and reverse phase- HPLC. Approaches were made for characterization of the isolated compound using FTIR, NMR and Mass spectrometry. Antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the CLSI guidelines. One fraction of aqueous acetic acid extract of M. oleifera flower was found highly effective and more potent than conventional antibiotics of different classes against Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) when compared. The phytochemical analysis of the isolated compound revealed the presence of hydrogen-bonded amine and hydroxyl groups attributable to unsaturated amides. The present study provided data indicating a potential for use of the flowers extract of M. oleifera in the fight against infections caused by lethal MDR-GNB. Aqueous acetic acid flower extract of M. oleifera is effective, in-vitro, against Gram-negative bacilli. This finding may open a scope in pharmaceutics for the development of new classes of antibiotics.

The antioxidant activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.)

Abstract Introduction: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) has been commonly used in traditional and contemporary medicine due to its diuretic and hepatoprotective properties. It contains polyphenols, vitamins and terpenes – i.e. compounds with antioxidant potential. Natural antioxidants protect organisms against oxidative stress, an important factor in the ageing process and in the pathogenesis of neoplastic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and some other diseases. Materials and methods: Raw dandelion plant material consisted of fresh and dried leaves, flowers and roots, harvested from a natural site. The extracts for analysis were prepared using an ultrasonic bath (extraction time 15, 30 and 60 min) in water, and 40% (v/v), 70% (v/v) and 96% (v/v) ethanol mixtures used as solvents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results: The antioxidant activity of dandelion depended on the type of raw material used, as well as the type of solvent and extraction time. The highest DPPH activity was found for dried flower extracts prepared in 70% ethanol for 30 min. With FRAP method, the highest reduction capacity was observed for dried leaf extracts in 40% ethanol for 30 min. Conclusions: The antioxidant potential of ethanolic and aqueous dandelion extracts was observed. This finding suggests the usefulness of this plant as a source of antioxidants to be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Elemental Composition and Chemometric Characterization of Pyrethrum Plant Materials and Insecticidal Flower Extracts

The elemental composition of native and cultivated pyrethrum plants (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) and their insecticidal extracts obtained from dried flower heads was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The accuracy of the analytical procedure which included pressurized digestion of plant samples in HNO3/H2O2 was tested by certified reference materials. Acceptable recoveries (90–110%) for the majority of elements were obtained measured in a simultaneous multi-element mode. The total pyrethrins content was determined by HPLC and it was 2.09% for cultivated plants and 1.58% for native species. The concentrations of 18 elements and pyrethrin content were subjected to statistical multivariate analysis which showed different patterns among plant parts. The roots were characterized by a combination of loadings of iron, aluminum, nickel, chromium, strontium, and barium, while the stems, leaves, and flowers showed more contributions from sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, and copper. A higher loading of pyrethrins was the main characteristic of dried flower extracts. It was also observed that microelements such as copper, aluminum, and iron were more readily transferred into natural insecticide extracts.

Anti-inflammatory activity of dried flower extracts of Aegle marmelos in Wistar rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAlmost all part of the plant Aegle marmelos (Bael tree) has been used in the traditional medicine systems of Asian countries to treat various diseases over many centuries. The water extract of the dried flowers of Aegle marmelos is a commonly used beverage among Sri Lankan population in rural areas. Although extensive investigations done on many parts of the plant there are no experimental data available on the extracts of flowers. Anti-inflammatory effect of the water extract of dried flowers of Aegle marmelos (WEAM) was evaluated in the present study. Materials and methodsThe anti-inflammatory effect of the WEAM was evaluated by inhibition of the rat paw oedema, induced by carrageenan. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by the inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO) by rat peritoneal cells, infiltration of rat peritoneal cells, anti-histamine effect, membrane stabilization activity, the antioxidant capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the WEAM. ResultsThe maximum percentage inhibition of paw oedema was exhibited by the dose of 200mg/kg at 2h. The WEAM showed a significant increment of rat peritoneal cell infiltration, inhibition of NO production by rat peritoneal cells and inhibition of wheal formation on the skin of the rat after injection of histamine. The WEAM protected the erythrocyte membrane from heat-induced lysis in a dose-dependent manner and showed a significant anti-oxidant effect and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. ConclusionThe WEAM possesses significant anti-inflammatory effect by multiple mechanisms in Wistar rats.

Protective effects of dried flower extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. against oxidative stress in rat primary hepatocytes

Dried flower extracts of Hibiscus sabdarrifa L., a local soft drink material and medical herb, was found to possess antioxidant activity in the present study. In the preliminary studies, antioxidant potential of three fractions of the ethanol crude extract (HS-C: chloroform-soluble fraction; HS-E: ethyl acetate soluble fraction; HS-R: residual fraction) obtained from the dried flowers of Hibiscus sabdarrifa L. were evaluated by their capacity of quenching 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. HS-E showed the greatest capacity of scavenging free radical (EC 50 = 0.017 mg/ml), and HS-C showed the strongest inhibitory effect on XO activity (EC 50 = 0.742 mg/ml). Furthermore, antioxidant bioactivities of these crude extracts were investigated using a model of tert-butyl hydroperoxide ( t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage in rat primary hepatocytes. All fractions were found to inhibit significantly the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by t-BHP at a concentration of 0.20 mg/ml. HS-C and HS-E also decreased the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by t-BHP (1.5 m m) considerably at a concentration of 0.10 and 0.20 mg/ml in the rat primary hepatocyte cultures. These results indicated that the dried flower extracts (HS-C and HS-E) of H. sabdarrifa L. protect rat hepatocytes from t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by different mechanisms.