Drench Application Research Articles

Increased Yield and Persistence of Red Clover after a Soil Drench Application of Benomyl1

AbstractBenomyl (methyl 1‐[butylcarbamoyl]‐2‐benzimidazolecarbamate) fungicide was applied as a soil drench to red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) field plots in June 1970, the second growing season. Forage yields from the benomyl‐treatcd plots were significantly higher than yields from the untreated plots in 1970 and 1971. In September 1971, benomyl‐treated plots had more plants, many of which were large and were classified as original plants; more root borers (Hylastinus obscurus [Marsham] per plant; and fewer weeds than did the untreated plots. Fusarium was the only pathogenic fungus consistently isolated from rotted roots in September 1971.

The effect of benomyl on the infection of tomatoes by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and Botrytis cinerea

SUMMARYIn glasshouse experiments at Auchincruive, drench applications of benomyl (100 or 142 mg per plant) to the soil surface around the stem bases of pot‐grown tomato plants before inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici reduced the penetration of the fungus up the stems and/or decreased the development of vascular discoloration and associated severity of wilting. Similar drenches applied after establishment of the fungus in the stems either halted or considerably retarded the growth of the pathogen up the vessels. This again was reflected in reduced vascular discoloration and wilt symptoms.In experiments with benomyl over 2 years at a commercial holding in Argyll, the application of soil drenches (at the rates above) shortly after planting out and again 5 weeks later, coupled with a programme of stem and foliar sprays (at 0–05 % a.i.) during the summer, reduced the development of stem lesions caused chiefly by Botrytis cinerea and increased the general survival of plants more than did drench or spray treatments alone. There were indications that ‘ghost spotting’ of the fruit, particularly where spray applications were made, was also slightly reduced, but the magnitude of the effect was not consistent.

Cabbage Maggot Control in Root and Stem Crucifers with New Insecticides1

Fensulfothion ( O,O -diethyl O-[p -(methylsulfinyl) phenyl] phosphorothioate), chlorfenvinphos, and carbofuran were the most effective of several insecticides tested for control of Hylemya brassicae (Bouche) on rutabagas, Brassicae rapa L. Although a single-furrow treatment at planting time was inadequate, the addition of 1 or 2 supplementary drench applications gave good control. A pre- or post emergence drench treatment plus another in late August, also gave adequate control. The drench application near the time of plant emergence was equally effective, whether applied just prior to or just after emergence. Phytotoxicity of this treatment was reduced with the precmergence time for application. Phorate as a preseeding furrow treatment, followed by thionazin ( O,O -diethvl O -pyrazinyl phosphorothioate), in drench applications, provided satisfactory control. Diazinon, fonofos ( O -ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate), N-2596 ( S-(p chlorophenyl) O -ethyl ethylphosphonodithioate) and trichloronat ( O -ethyl O -(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) ethyl phosphonothioate) were not consistently effective. None of the chemicals provided satisfactory control of the cabbage maggot on radish when applied as preplant broadcast treatments at 4 lb AI/acre. Pesticide residues in rutabagas treated with fensulfothion, chlorfenvinphos, N-2596, and trichloronat were 0.1 ppm or less at harvest. No detectable residues were found from the other 3 insecticides. With the long-term crops cabbage, Brassicae oleracea , or cauliflower, Brassicae oleraceae var. bolrytis no residues of any of the 6 pesticides were detected, but with the radish, Raphanus sativus L., residues of 5 insecticides were measurable and two exceeded 0.1 ppm.

Chlormequat Drench and Spray Applications to Poinsettias1

Abstract Chlormequat (Cycocel, CCC) sprays and drench reduced plant height of poinsettias. Sprays of 5000 ppm were most effective with 25% reduction after 32 days followed by 3000 ppm - 18%, 1000 ppm - 17%, and 5000 ppm drench 12%. Appearance as indicated by chlorophyll analyses and chlorosis ratings was most seriously affected by sprays of 5000 ppm followed by 3000 ppm. The spray application of 1000 ppm and drench of 5000 ppm showed no deleterious effect to appearance. High fertilizer rates stimulated chlorophyll regeneration following spray applications of chlormequat partially overcoming the induced chlorosis. Nitrogen and K in leaf tissue increased in all treatments as fertilizer of that mixture was increased but P decreased.

Treatment for control of a root mealybug on nursery plants.

Six species of potted nursery plants infested with Rhizoecus americanus (Hambleton) were treated with 5 chemicals by dip, drench, foliar spray, and granular application to determine effective safe materials and the best method of application. Dip, drench, and granular treatments were superior to foliar sprays in reducing the population of mealybugs. Dimethoate, phorate, and methomyl were effective but phytotoxic to most species. Monocrotophos was effective and least phytotoxic.

A Technique for Soil Application of a Growth Retardant1

Abstract The effectiveness of applying a growth retardant gradually in the irrigation water over an extended portion of the crop cycle was investigated. Cycocel can be applied effectively in this manner and control of plant height is comparable to that produced by a single drench application.

A Technique for Soil Application of a Growth Retardant1

Abstract The effectiveness of applying a growth retardant gradually in the irrigation water over an extended portion of the crop cycle was investigated. Cycocel can be applied effectively in this manner and control of plant height is comparable to that produced by a single drench application.