Drawing Table Research Articles

The Neural String Network

Abstract An interactive collaborative drawing ‘machine’ designed on the concept of a neural network, allowing participants to experience a shared creative process, using the principles of open-source and social networked communication through an analogue string system. The underlying concept of the String Neural Network is to introduce participants to the idea of collaborative-shared drawing practice, as a dispersed collective that alludes to Roland Barthes The Death of the Author (1967) whereby each participant plays an equal role as both viewer and artist. Played out like a surrealist Exquisite Corpse game of consequences or as a piece of Haiku poetry, the drawing participants contribute marks, signs and signifiers to an open-content drawing, akin to the development of open-source software. The string network consists of five drawing table ‘nodes’ within a room/studio space measuring eight by eight metres square. Each node is linked to the other four via pulleys and washing lines, making it possible to peg a sheet of A4 paper to a line and winch it across to any one of the other nodes. The network system uses ten string connections between the five drawing tables, creating a pentagram within a pentagon neural network design. Representing the interconnected synapses and neurons of the brain, the role of each participant is that of cause and effect. A single instruction initiates a series of consequences that unfold in drawings, marks and patterns that are created whilst being hoisted simultaneously across the room in quick succession. The Neural String Network project was first set up in March 2012 to coincide with ‘DecodeRecode’, a telematic art project undertaken by students at MediaCityUK Salford University, as part of the centenary celebration of Alan Turing. Each participating student was given a single word drawn from the Turing theme, such as machine, brain, code and apple that were interpreted and communicated as a drawing by a collective consciousness.

Designing and tuning a brake assistant for omnidirectional wheels

Although the invention of the special wheels that move omnidirectional vehicles dates back to the seventies, advances in mechatronics, and control technology keep them constantly on the drawing table of engineers working with mobile robots. The need for eliminating human error becomes ever so obvious when human operators are managing expensive and/or powerful machinery, as the cost of failure can be very high. Omnidirectional platforms are not immune to human error either, however due to their unique working principle they require customized methods. This article presents a trajectory controller for omnidirectional transport robots that is able to correct their trajectory during braking even when high disturbances are present. A method for tuning the controller to achieve a desired behavior is presented. The results are demonstrated by simulation, in Modelica – Dymola environment.

The Study of Relationship between Coping with Pain Experiences (Migraines) and Happiness

The purpose of present research is reviewing the relationship between coping strategies of headache and happiness so the method of copying strategies of headache and happiness. So the methodology of research is descriptive – measured statistical society of research included those students of Zabol University who have migraine headache. For selected statistical sample, caucus sampling method was used and 120 people were choose as statistical sample which included 67 boys and 53 girls. To collect information, were used Oxfords happiness questionnaire and checking strategies of migraine headache questionnaires of migraine headache questionnaire. Analysis of data was done in two statistical methods, descriptive statistics included frequency distribution, determination of mean. Standard deviation, drawing table, …. In information statistics, pierson correlation test and independent T test were used for analyzing data. The results of research indicate that, there is meaning correlation between varieties of checking strategies of headache and happiness. Also these are meaning fullness difference between create a disaster, soliloquy and reinterpretation among boy and girls students.

Review: Clearings in a Concrete Jungle

Clearings in a Concrete Jungle . Television documentary by the Street Farmers (Peter Crump, Bruce Haggart, and Grahame Caine), first aired 18 June 1973 on BBC 2 (BFI archives, British Film Institute, London) Most revolutions start from the streets. The one, however, called for by the British anarchist, activist architectural group Street Farmers in their 1973 documentary Clearings in a Concrete Jungle , did not begin in the streets nor in public demonstration, but from the inner city: the interior of the urban fabric.1 To battle what the documentary diagnosed as the “highly structured detritus of metropolitan imagination,” the social and political revolution should start from the house and the way of inhabiting the land. The TV program envisioned a change of the city as a whole, achieved through tactical changes in small pieces—islands of habitation taken “off the grid” of energy supply. The main theme of the documentary was one of the earliest ecological houses, the Eco-House, or Street Farmhouse, built in 1972 as a laboratory and living experiment by Grahame Caine, a member of the Street Farmers, which was originally formed by Peter Crump and Bruce Haggart. The Eco-House was a fully functional, integrated system that converted human waste to methane for cooking, as well as included a hydroponic greenhouse that produced radishes, tomatoes, and even bananas. Caine, then a twenty-six-year-old fourth-year student at the Architectural Association of London, designed and built the house on land borrowed from Thames Polytechnic in Eltham, South London, as part of his diploma thesis at the AA. He received a provisional two-year permit from the borough of Woolwich district surveyor with the promise to build an “inhabitable housing laboratory” that would grow vegetables out of household effluents and fertilize the land with reprocessed organic waste. With the help of the Street Farmers, Caine was able to start construction in September 1972, during his fifth year, and to inhabit the house by Christmas. After having lived in the house for two years with his family, …

PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM MEJA GAMBAR DENGAN METODE XY-TABLE 2 SUMBU MENGGUNAKAN MOTOR STEPPER DAN EMC

The objective of the research was to produce a drawing table system with 2-aksis XY-table method and EMCsoftware implementation. The EMC (Enhanced Machine Control) features are integrated with L297 and L298 as a motorstepper driver to draw simple objects. Methods used in the research are library research, engineering, and laboratory.The results concluded that system can work properly to draw objects such as square, triangle, circle, and capital lettersA-Z according to the given input.

Temporality and Seriality in Spiegelman's In the Shadow of No Towers

Temporality and Seriality in Spiegelman's In The Shadow of No Towers Hillary Chute (bio) Art Spiegelman is one of the most famous—if not the most famous—living cartoonists in the world. Born in Sweden in 1948 to Polish Holocaust survivor parents, Spiegelman published his own magazine, Blasé, as a fifteen year old living in Queens; by the time he was at Harpur College (now SUNY Binghamton), he had taken over the campus comics magazine, which he re-christened Mother. A key figure in San Francisco's 1970s underground comics (or "comix") scene, which established comics nationwide as avant-garde and for adults—and adult intellectuals at that—Spiegelman distinguished himself by rigorously exploring the medium's formal energies. "Here was this young medium that, in a sense, was the last bastion of figurative drawing," Spiegelman notes in an interview. "As a result, nobody had become preoccupied [in comics] with the issues that preoccupied modernist art elsewhere."1 In seminal pieces like "Don't Get Around Much Anymore" and "Ace Hole, Midget Detective" (which he memorably described as a confluence of Gertrude Stein and pulp fiction), Spiegelman brought modernist experimentation to comics storytelling. And in strips like "The Prisoner on the Hell Planet: A Case History" and the early prototype "Maus," Spiegelman expanded on the trenchant autobiographical mode that had recently surfaced in adult comics with the work of Justin Green (whose 1971 "Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary," a narrative of sexual awakening and Catholic guilt, is widely credited as the first autobiographical comics text). Spiegelman also re-invigorated attention to comics as an art form at several crucial junctures in the past few decades, directly influencing the sophisticated comics culture that is currently thriving. In the late 1970s, as the underground was splintering and threatening to sink, Spiegelman, along with Bill Griffith, founded and edited the "comics revue" Arcade, which rejected the more superficial and juvenile [End Page 228] aspects of underground comics culture (sex, drugs, gratuitous violence) in favor of a strong focus on innovative work. In 1980, Spiegelman, along with his wife, Françoise Mouly, founded RAW, a magazine they initially self-published in their SoHo loft. The sophistication, daring, and lavish production in RAW—which sold out all of its print runs—suggested not only that there was a large community of talented cartoonists out there, but also that comics were, in fact, an art form; it created an acute awareness of the originality of the form. It was in RAW that Spiegelman first published his masterpiece, Maus: A Survivor's Tale, serially, over the course of a decade. The groundbreaking Maus, which was eventually collected and published in two book volumes by Pantheon, shook up mainstream expectations of comics when it was nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award in the category of Biography in 1986 (it lost out to a book on Chaucer), and further when it won a "Special" Pulitzer Prize in 1992; in the years since, it has become the world's most famous "graphic novel" (although its seriousness of purpose helped this nomenclature to become commonplace, I prefer the term "graphic narrative," as Maus is non-fiction). Depicting Jews as mice and Nazis as cats, Maus tells the story of Art's father Vladek Spiegelman's experience in WWII, as well the son's struggle to solicit and record his father's testimony. It is a work of such stunning narrative intricacy that it is no exaggeration to point out that it has singlehandedly inspired the academy to recognize the complexity of comics. Spiegelman's next book of comics—after an interval of about ten years, during which he was a staff artist for the New Yorker—is In the Shadow of No Towers, a rich, hectic, outsized meditation on 9/11, the central events of which Spiegelman, who currently lives in downtown Manhattan, personally witnessed. In an interview with the New York Times prior to the publication of In the Shadow of No Towers, Spiegelman, asked about the material his work covers, admitted, "so far it has been the painful realities that I can barely grasp that force me to the drawing table. . . . I seem to...

Innovative order types as success factors in stock exchange competition

Through the worldwide integration of the financial markets, operators of the particular stock exchanges face an increasing competition. One—if not the most important—alternative to assure their position during this competition is the functional expansion and refinement of their trading rules (market model). However, the design of a market model is a challenging task, due to complex interdependences of the different parts of the trading rules (structural parameters). Therefore a market model cannot be planned at the drawing table and directly afterwards be built up like a house. In order to avoid bad investments, it has to be analyzed carefully, if the new designed market model possesses the required characteristics and produces the desired market outcome. In order to work out this task a prototype implementation of the market model seems to be indispensable, since such a prototype allows for testing the model by game-theoretic experiments and by simulations. In this article, we discuss the benefits, which customers obtain from using the relative or the bracket order as two examples of a functional expansion of a market model. We further augmented the market engineering tool meet2trade to support this new, innovative order types.

The Price of Gold in Chile

Straddling the Chilean–Argentine border high in the Andes, near a field of glaciers, lies an ore body that by mining industry estimates is large enough to yield 750,000 ounces of gold, 30 million ounces of silver, and 5,000 tons of tradable copper concentrate (typically consisting of 25–30% copper) every year for 20 years. Whether these valuable metals would stay in the ground, at least for the foreseeable future, or be extracted in an open pit mine is the topic of an ongoing tug-of-war between environmentalists and Canada’s Barrick Gold Corporation, the claim holder and one of the world’s largest gold miners. Just about any new extractive industry proposal will attract protests, says Vincent Borg, Barrick Gold’s senior vice president of corporate communications. He says Pascua-Lama, as the proposed mine is called, has been a target of environmentalists’ wrath just because it’s the latest large mine on the drawing table. But the Pascua-Lama case includes a few unique twists: perhaps 5% of the metals lie under glaciers, the site sits on land in two countries, and as gold and silver mines go, it is at a high altitude, a little over 15,000 feet above sea level. Tremors from regional earthquakes also are no stranger to Huasco Valley. According to the USGS, the region saw 6.7-magnitude earthquakes in 2006 and 2002, while a 6.8-magnitude event occurred in 2003. By now, hoops have been jumped through, most i’s dotted and t’s crossed, protests conducted, and appeals exhausted. Just about all of the major players on this issue, for and against, say that the mine will almost certainly open in the near future. However, some activists are grasping at a thin thread of hope that new appeals to Chilean regulatory agencies, as well as other legal maneuvers could halt the project. What concerns me is that this particular mine has a very high resource value. That can drive people to assuming and making promises about a project that just realistically can’t be upheld. — Jim Kuipers, Kuipers and Associates LLC

Bridging the Gap between ‘Joe Sixpack’ and ‘Bill Gates’: On the Efficiency of Institutions for Redistribution

All democracies have implemented institutions that redistribute income from the rich to the poor. Economists tend to have strong views on how this redistribution should be organized, based on the two theorems of welfare economics. However, these views are mostly neglected. I argue that the reason for this neglect is likely to be that these institutions are constrained Pareto-efficient after a century of experimentation. If not, some political bargaining would lead to the implementation of the Pareto-improvement. Hence, economists should concentrate on an explanation of the constrained efficiency of existing institutions instead of on the design of drawing table grand reforms. This approach is applied to three institutions frequently observed in reality: minimum wages, education subsidies, and unemployment insurance. We show that these institutions for redistribution are likely to be constrained efficient. We analyze the impact of the constitutional environment on the implementation of efficient redistribution. Finally, we evaluate the causes for the observed cross-country variation in redistribution.

Development of a New Technology: Profiting From Temporary Setbacks During Scale-Up

The authors present an overview of critical facets of development of the fuel, Orimulsion{reg_sign}, emphasizing description of procedures and scale-up strategies rather than technical details. The seemingly unrelated events that led to the worldwide marketing of this new alternative fuel are placed into historical perspective. They showcase R and D, characterized by teamwork, to exploit unique natural resources at a time of changing economic conditions. The paper is a collection of related pieces of research and commercial approaches, all of which were aimed at exploiting the vast amount of hydrocarbon resources present in the Venezuelan Orinoco Belt. The many instances in which adjustments had to be made because of scale-up setbacks illustrate valuable lessons learned in the development of a new technology.

Thematic mapping of the Flemish forest cover using aerial photography

As old forest inventory methods, based on questionnaires, become obsolete, a new procedure using remote sensing techniques has been developed. The objectives are fourfold: 1. Analysis of the forest situation in Flanders 2. Forest inventory methodology development 3. Creation of a forest management data bank 4. Production of base maps with high planimetric accuracy Basic material consists of colour infrared 1/30000 transparencies. Photo interpretation and processing is carried out using a Wild Aviopret APT-1 stereoscope and a Bausch & Lomb Zoom Transfer Scope. The legend features species composition, development stage, ground cover percentage, management practice and ownership. Data from interpretation, field work and supplemental sources are presented as a series of thematic overlays on a 1/5000 colour infrared orthophotomap. Numerical processing is executed on a PDP 11/44 microcomputer. A Wild interactive graphic system (Synercom) is used for digitizing and area calculation. Automatic map production is performed on a Wild TA 2 drawing table. Availability of stand boundaries in digital form enables generation of thematic computer maps.

Aufgabenstellung und technischer aufwand bei photogrammetrischen vermessungen für denkmalpflege und baugeschichte (Methods and equipment for the application of photogrammetric surveys in the preservation of monuments and historical buildings)

At the “Institut für Baugeschichte” of the University of Stuttgart, the combination of the Zeiss-Terragraph with drawing table and the stereoscopic cameras SMK 40 and 120 provides the basic equipment for terrestrial photogrammetry. Since 1965, this combination has been used in nearly main surveys on historical buildings. This report provides some examples where the difficulties encountered in the use of photogrammetric instruments, are examined, and others where a combination of geodetic methods was required. The described projects concern buildings, facades, churches and historical urban centers. The need of survey interior decoration details has led to the application of orthophotography in architectural photogrammetry. As an example of the application of orthophotography the survey of Schloss Linderhof is described.

Nikon Plotter: A New Topographic Plotter

A new topographic plotter has been developed by Geographical Survey Institute of Japan in cooperation with Nippon Kogaku Optical Co.The improved model of the instrument is named Nikon Plotter.Nikon Plotter is designed for one man operation. It consists of four main systems; projection system, intersection system, drawing table, optical system. Explanation of the systems is given with illustrations and photographs.Accuracy of the instrument is reported. It is also discussed how PG-2 principle can be adopted into the instrument.

Tape Controlled Draughting Machine

A Description of the Numerically‐Controlled Draughting Machine Designed and Developed by Cramic Engineering Co. Ltd. which has been ordered by Sud‐Aviation for Concorde Production. NOW installed at the Toulouse factory of Sud‐Aviation is a numerically‐controlled draughting machine designed and developed by Cramic Engineering Co. Ltd. Possessing a drawing table 160 in. long by 80 in. high, the tape‐controlled plotting machine is being used to produce loft plates for the Concorde supersonic airliner.

Hughes' Improved Drawing Table

Hughes' Improved Drawing Table