Drawing Board Research Articles

Assessment of child protection policy awareness in secondary schools

This study was designed to assess the awareness of child protection policy in secondary schools. This is due to the widespread violence against children in many places, including schools. This study adopts a quantitative research design to explore the convenience sampling technique, used to sample 139 teachers in public and private schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. The collected data were analysed with a chi-square independent test at .05 significance level. The study found a relatively moderate awareness of child protection policy among the teachers. There was also a significant positive relationship between educational qualification, school ownership type, and teachers’ awareness of the policy. However, gender and years of teaching experience have no significant relationship with teachers’ awareness of the policy. The study’s finding implies that all educational stakeholders, especially policy planners and implementers, should go back to the drawing board and brainstorm ways to cover the loopholes in policy awareness strategies. Recommendations were made that the school management should set up a standing committee to create awareness of all policies emanating within and outside the school to bridge the communication and awareness gap among school community members, and as part of the induction programme for new teachers, training should be organised for teachers on child protection. This study is unique because it traces the root cause of policy failure and the problem of violence against children in society.

How Is Perception Tractable?

Perception solves computationally demanding problems at lightning fast speed. It recovers sophisticated representations of the world from degraded inputs, often in a matter of milliseconds. Any theory of perception must be able to explain how this is possible; in other words, it must be able to explain perception’s computational tractability. One of the few attempts to move toward such an explanation is the information encapsulation hypothesis, which posits that perception can be fast because it keeps computational costs low by forgoing access to information stored in cognition. I argue that we have no compelling reason to believe that encapsulation explains (or even contributes to an explanation of) perceptual tractability, and much reason to doubt it. This is because there exist much deeper computational challenges for perception than information access, and these threaten to make the costs of access irrelevant. If this is right, it undermines a core computational motivation for encapsulation and sends us back to the drawing board for explanations of perceptual tractability.

Back to the Drawing Board Again: Potential Indicators of Giftedness in Human Figure Drawings of Children Aged 4 to 6 Years

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to determine whether exceptional items in human figure drawings (HFDs) can serve the identification process of talents and (educational) needs of children with high intellectual abilities. Participants were 152 children aged 4 to 6 years at the time of drawing. After 2 years, 85 had received regular curriculum (the typically developing group) and 67 had received enriched curriculum (the potentially gifted group). Analyses of item categories suggested that HFDs can serve as a screener for giftedness for 4- and 5-year-olds, but not for 6-year-olds. For 4- and 5-year-olds, the presence of items that indicated what is drawn or indicated deliberate abnormalities in shape and size predicted the likelihood of being in the potentially gifted group. No such predictive relation was found for items that indicated how good drawings look.

Strikes of the Academic Staff Union of Universities: An Avenue to Guarantee Quality Architectural and Other Education in Nigeria

Regular strikes by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) is a problem in Nigeria. Therefore, it became very necessary to conduct a research work with the aim of overviewing the previous cases of ASUU strike, in order to generate guidelines that can guarantee quality architectural and other education in Nigeria. The research focused on desktop study as the instrument for data collection. Hence, the data were analyzed and checked with the use of contents analysis technique, so as to validate the results. The result of the analysis was accepted via normality test. Among the findings are: insufficient drawing boards in the architecture studios and failure of the government to implement its agreements with ASUU. Among the recommended guidelines are: there should be a provision for sufficient drawing boards with respected to the number of admitted architecture students in each class, in order to ensure the possibility of all the students to work at the same time in the studios during the free lectures time as an avenue by which students can learn from one another; a bill to force a particular government to honour agreements it entered with ASUU before the expiration of the time of ruling of such government must be enacted by the National Assembly in Nigeria, in order to prohibit the transfer of agreements from one administration to another; ASUU should be bound by the same bill in such a way to also prohibit ASUU from bringing the agreements it entered with the past government to any new government.

Designers' Influence on Implementing Service Design Projects: Findings from discussions within the global service design community

Addressing the persistent challenges implementing service design projects, this article focuses on how service design projects can transition from the drawing board towards implementation. Gathering insights from a workshop at ServDes 2023, it delves into key themes including prioritisation, engagement and the collaboration between service designers and other stakeholders, offering pathways to bridge this divide.

Virtual Reality as a Design Tool to Achieve Abstract Concepts of Spatial Experience: A Case Study of Design Studio Teaching

VR technology is one of the tools used to achieve accurate physical space dimensions and placement of furnishings. The architectural space must evoke subjective emotions that would inevitably lead the users to perceive it as a location and, consequently, become a potentially significant space. However, a particular space experience has yet to be attained. Quantifying abstract conceptual ideas is more difficult in design education. This paper aims to prove the usability of VR as an effective design tool and an educational method to achieve a better understanding of a proposed design and successfully reach the desired outcome, especially regarding the abstract properties of the space. The paper describes a workflow of how the students would use the technology to revise and enhance their design proposal based on the experienced VR environment. A project was offered to the students; they were expected to tackle and solve problems about symbolism in their designs. Spatial experience is a crucial study element of the project. Students were asked to design an entire structure that could evoke certain feelings. The exercise left it to the students to choose an abstract value, meaning, or feeling to explore as architecture. A pre-compiled list included: Anti-gravity, Time travel, and Tranquility; through iteration between drawing boards, 3D modeling, and VR experience, they fine-tune their designs to achieve a pre-set quality. In conclusion, the VR technology was proved helpful and led to a tangible change in the proposed design based on the feedback from the workflow.

The Roth Net at 40 years: celebrating the spirit of innovation

The Roth Net at 40 years: celebrating the spirit of innovation

Eliminating oncogenic RAS: back to the future at the drawing board.

RAS drug development has made enormous strides in the past ten years, with the first direct KRAS inhibitor being approved in 2021. However, despite the clinical success of covalent KRAS-G12C inhibitors, we are immediately confronted with resistances as commonly found with targeted drugs. Previously believed to be undruggable due to its lack of obvious druggable pockets, a couple of new approaches to hit this much feared oncogene have now been carved out. We here concisely review these approaches to directly target four druggable sites of RAS from various angles. Our analysis focuses on the lessons learnt during the development of allele-specific covalent and non-covalent RAS inhibitors, the potential of macromolecular binders to facilitate the discovery and validation of targetable sites on RAS and finally an outlook on a future that may engage more small molecule binders to become drugs. We foresee that the latter could happen mainly in two ways: First, non-covalent small molecule inhibitors may be derived from the development of covalent binders. Second, reversible small molecule binders could be utilized for novel targeting modalities, such as degraders of RAS. Provided that degraders eliminate RAS by recruiting differentially expressed E3-ligases, this approach could enable unprecedented tissue- or developmental stage-specific destruction of RAS with potential advantages for on-target toxicity. We conclude that novel creative ideas continue to be important to exterminate RAS in cancer and other RAS pathway-driven diseases, such as RASopathies.

Varieties of moral mistake

AbstractSome philosophers think that if someone acts wrongly while falsely believing that her act is permissible, this moral mistake cannot excuse her wrongdoing. And some think that this is because it is morally blameworthy to fail to appreciate the moral significance of non‐moral facts of which one is aware, such that mistakenly believing that one's act is permissible when it is in fact wrong is itself morally blameworthy. Here I challenge the view that it is blameworthy to fail to appreciate the moral significance of non‐moral facts of which one is aware. This view seems okay if we focus on examples of people mistakenly believing that their wrongful acts are permissible. But it is not remotely plausible when we consider other varieties of moral mistake – such as believing that one's action is required when it is in fact supererogatory, believing that one's action is wrong when it is in fact permissible, and believing false things about the moral properties of others’ actions and of merely possible actions. The upshot is that those who maintain that moral mistakes cannot excuse are sent back to the drawing board; we need a new explanation of why this would be the case.

Plastics industry sees sustainable start in an Ohio plant

In Akron, Ohio, situated amid industrial buildings and auto service centers, is a small oasis of polished steel and nonslip scaffolding. The proprietors of this new facility hope it’s the future of the plastics industry . The facility, a pyrolysis plant run by Alterra Energy, breaks down plastic waste into a crude oil–like mixture that can be fed into petrochemical plants and transformed back into new plastics. The plant can process about 60 metric tons (t) of plastics a day. It was the largest operational plastics pyrolysis plant in the US until recently, when it was edged out by a larger facility that ExxonMobil started up in Houston. Many more pyrolysis plants, including ones using Alterra’s technology, are on drawing boards for sites around the world. Journalists visited the Alterra plant in November during a trip organized by the American Chemistry Council, a trade group keen on promoting plastics recycling

Angel’s Girl for Blind Painters: An Efficient Painting Navigation System Validated by Multimodal Evaluation Approach

For people who ardently love painting but unfortunately have visual impairments, holding a paintbrush to create a work is a very difcult task. People in this special group are eager to pick up the paintbrush, like Leonardo da Vinci, to create and make full use of their own talents. Therefore, to maximally bridge this gap, we propose a painting navigation system called Angles Eyes to assist blind people in painting and artistic creation. The proposed system is composed of cognitive system and guidance system. The system adopts drawing board positioning based on QR code, brush navigation based on target detection and bush real-time positioning. Meanwhile, we design a simple but efcient position information coding rule to remind the user of the current brush tip position. In addition, we design a criterion to efciently judge whether the brush reaches the target or not. The numerous experiments are conducted to optimize and test the performance of the system. The results of real-world scenario experiments demonstrate that the developed system has great potential to help blind people with painting. This work also demonstrates that it is practicable for the blind people to feel the world through the brush in their hands. In the future, we plan to deploy Angles Eyes on the phone to make it more portable. The demo video of the proposed painting navigation system is available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.gshare.9760004.v1.

Symmetry for children using drawing board tools and tangrams

Symmetry for children using drawing board tools and tangrams

Virtual Drawing Board (Drawing and Writing Using Hand Gestures)

Abstract: A virtual Drawing Board which is a computer- based vision system which is used to draw on screen by detecting the motion of index finger with the camera. The idea of making a software using AI in python, useful in online teaching, presenting presentations and in various other industries. In present condition online teaching has become an alternate mode of teaching via online meets, without using any external devices for drawing or writing on screen one can use Virtual Drawing Board just by opening their camera and using index finger with its motion they can draw or write.

Low and Highly Variable Exposure to Prophylactic LMWH Nadroparin in Critically Ill Patients: Back to the Drawing Board for Prophylactic Dosing?

Low-molecular-weight heparins are routinely administered to patients in the intensive care unit to prevent venous thromboembolisms. There is considerable evidence that low-molecular-weight heparin doses should be personalised based on anti-Xa levels, but pharmacokinetic data in intensive care unit patients are lacking. This study aimed to characterise the pharmacokinetics and associated variability of the low-molecular-weight heparin nadroparin in critically ill patients. Critically ill adult patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and received nadroparin for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism were included in a study. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by means of parametric non-linear mixed-effects modelling (NONMEM). A total of 30 patients were enrolled with 12 patients undergoing continuous veno-venous hemodialysis and 18 patients not undergoing continuous veno-venous hemodialysis. Very high variability in pharmacokinetics was observed with an inter-individual variability in the volume of distribution of 63.7% (95% confidence interval 46.5-90.6), clearance of 166% (95% confidence interval 84.7-280) and relative bioavailability of 40.2% (95% confidence interval 29.5-52.6). We found that standard doses of 2850 IE and 5700 IE of nadroparin resulted in sub-prophylactic exposure in critically ill patients. Low exposure and highly variable pharmacokinetics of nadroparin were observed in intensive care unit patients treated with a prophylactic dose. It can be debated whether nadroparin is currently dosed optimally in intensive care unit patients and our findings encourage the investigation of higher and tailored dosing of nadroparin in the critically ill.

Simplicity of Form: a tale of two cathedrals and interiors lost?: Hamilton Founders Memorial Theatre (1962) and St Joseph's Catholic Church Morrinsville (1964)

St Joseph's Catholic Church, Morrinsville, was designed in 1958-62 by Doug Angus of Angus, Flood & Griffiths of Hamilton. Built in 1964-65, the design was radical, had simplicity in form both externally and internally. The simple external upturned parabola defied the level of innovation and detailing, creating both the exterior and interior form with the use of pre-stressed concrete ribs, and pre-cast panels between. The parabolic form was 49' 6" in height, designed by engineer Thomas Flood. The 8,000 sqft church accommodated 600 people. It was said to be New Zealand's largest single-pour concrete roof of the time. The Modernist interior was of a grand scale with the specially-designed fittings - only seen by parishioners. And this was part of its demise. The scale was for a cathedral not small-town New Zealand. Regionally significant in terms of architecture and engineering technology, an iconic Waikato church, and the work of an important Modernist architect and engineer, yet it was demolished in 2014. In the Waikato, at the same time as the church was being designed, the new regional theatre and "town hall" was on the drawing board of architect Aubrey de Lisle, of White, de Lisle and Jenkins of Hamilton. The Founders Memorial Theatre opened in November 1962, inspired by Coventry's Belgrade Theatre, which was the first civic theatre built in Great Britain after World War Two. The 1,249-seat theatre, built a decade before Christchurch Town Hall, has hosted international performers of note to local theatre and music productions within its "gently sloping wood panelled confines." Jazz great Louis Armstrong arrived for shows on 20 March 1963, but due to payment issues he almost didn't play at all. From Louis Armstrong to Cilla Black in 1965, to the home of the Finns, the theatre for over 60 years has been the focus of many from the new teenagers of the 1960s to classical music and the performance of the young ballet students. Closed in 2016 from lack of maintenance and ongoing strengthening, with the Hotere mural removed for the new Waikato Theatre, the interior now only used in the dark for police exercises as its fate awaits. Two very different cultural interiors – a cathedral for faith and a "cathedral" for performance – a church and a theatre.

Penerapan Media Papan Gambar dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Siswa Kelas 1 di MI Darul Ulum Bantaran


 The learning media used by teachers at MI Darul Ulum in improving students' reading skills, especially class I, still uses the syllable method so that students can only recognize letters and memorize some syllables. To overcome this, all researchers suggest using new media to improve students' reading skills. Drawing board media is media that consists of picture elements and can be disassembled with tools using small nails. These problems are discussed through Classroom Action Research (CAR) using two cycles. The results obtained from this study are that the use of drawing board media can improve the reading ability of MI Darul Ulum class 1 students with a total of 9 students. This can be proven from the significant increase in students' learning mastery and classical absorption from the two cycles that have been carried out, the indications are the increase in the average score of pre-cycle students, namely 58%, cycle I 72%, cycle II 83%. Likewise, the percentage of students' classical learning completeness also experienced a lot of improvement, namely 33% in the pre-cycle, 56% in the first cycle and 100% in the second cycle.

Back to the Drawing Board: A Descriptive Study on Potential Indicators of Giftedness in Human Figure Drawings of Children Aged 4 to 6 Years

ABSTRACT This study described exceptional items in human figure drawings (HFDs) which have been discussed as possible expressions of intellectual giftedness. The aim was to serve as a first step in the development of a screener for HFDs that can be used as part of the identification process of gifted children. We examined the frequency of occurrence of 158 items in HFDs of 206 children aged 4 to 6 years (17 potentially gifted). Fine details and additions to the human figure turned out to be exceptional, especially in drawings of 4-year-olds. Several exceptional items were drawn more frequently or exclusively by potentially gifted children. Descriptively, exceptionality in drawings of potentially gifted children was most visible in HFDs of 4-year-olds, and tended to become less visible with age. Further research with larger samples is required to draw solid conclusions about HFDs of gifted children.

Leakage Analysis and Hazardous Boundary Determination of Buried Gas Pipeline Considering Underground Adjacent Confined Space

Urban underground construction projects are intertwined vertically and horizontally, and adjacent confined spaces such as water supply and drainage pipelines, side ditches and underground canals may exist near buried gas pipelines. Once the buried gas pipeline leaks, the gas will diffuse into the confined space through the soil and even enter the residential room by the confined space, which brings serious potential safety hazards. In this paper, the underground adjacent confined space hazardous boundary (HB) of underground gas pipeline leakage was defined, the distribution properties of gas leakage diffusion flow field were analyzed by numerical simulation and the distribution law of gas entering the confined space was studied. Using the least-squares method and multiple regression theory, the gas concentration prediction model in the adjacent confined space of buried gas pipeline leakage was established, the HB calculation model was further deduced, and the HB drawing board was drawn. The results showed that in the initial stages, the internal and external pressure and velocity distribution of the pipeline near the leakage hole were unstable, reaching a stable state after 60 s, and then the reverse flow occurred in the pipeline downstream of the leak hole. Reducing the minimum construction distance between the buried gas pipeline and the confined space improved the gas distribution concentration in the confined space. When the minimum construction distance increased from 3 m to 9 m, the gas concentration distribution decreased from 90.21% to 0.88%. Meanwhile, increasing the pipeline pressure and leakage diameter enhanced the gas concentration distribution in the confined space. The HB calculation model and HB drawing board realize the rapid determination of the HB between buried gas pipeline and confined space and offer a more reasonable basis for the design of gas pipeline safe distance in urban underground engineering construction.

Impact of Agile Project Management on the Competitiveness of Chinese Software Development Organizations

Software industry is a significant contributor to the Chinese economy. The industry has more than 12 million employers with over 250 million employees and creates almost $1.9 trillion worth of structures yearly. Software industry remains the main driver of growth in China. Basically, a task is developed to meet market demands or demands in a timely fashion. Different possibilities may be thought about in the conceptual drawing board, and also the technical and also financial feasibility of each alternative will be assessed and compared in order to select the very best feasible job. The software industry in China is forecast to grow by 7.7% in 2021, driven by strong Y-o-Y growth in the first quarter, reflecting the comparison to the previous year's period when construction work was halted across most of the country. Thereafter, the software industry is expected to record an average annual growth of 4.2% between 2022 and 2025. The industry's growth over the forecast period is expected to be driven by investments on new infrastructure, including investment in the areas of 5G networks, Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and data centers. According to the government-backed think tank, the China Electronic Information Industry Development, the country is expected to spend CNY10 trillion (US$1.4 trillion) on new infrastructure projects between 2020 and 2025. This study evaluated factors affecting construction sector performance: explanatory factor analysis evidence from China. From the literature reviewed, it was established that entering the Chinese software development marketis still seen as exciting but difficult by many foreign contractors and consultants. The study found out that rising material and labor costs, labor woes, increased competition and shrinking profit margins were some of the challenges construction firms in Chin face. The study concludes that the implementation of construction safety laws and the rate of subcontracting are relevant factors affecting construction sector in China, while neither the extent of using temporary workers, nor the availability of resources, nor the level of per capita GDP has any effects.

Improving Organizational Effectiveness in Manufacturing

Improving organizational effectiveness in Manufacturing plants has become important constantly going back to the drawing board to observe how to measure effectiveness to manufacturing to achieve results based on organizational goals, is it therefore important to be aware of challenges in organizational effectiveness which employees may face because employees are the heart of the manufacturing plant a product goes from being a raw material to a finished good because of employees, The various departments can always review these measures to help the manufacturing company achieve the organizational objectives it has set out to achieve results that will result in organizational effectiveness. The study is relevant for the selected industry sector as there have some studies. which indicate that some manufacturing plants may not be operating at their, optimum on account of the lack of organizational effectiveness, this study will speak to those needs. Findings from the study will be relevant currently as lessons learnt can be applied immediately.