Drawing Program Research Articles

Mahu- ja kuluarvestus käsitöönduslikus palkehituses / Volume and Cost Accounting in Hand-crafted Log Building

In this article, an experienced log builder, Meinrad Rohner (Alppisalvos Oy, Finland), presents a volume and cost accounting method for handcrafted log building, which he himself uses in in his own work. The methodology combines procedures arising from the technical peculiarities of the field and contract techniques of the business reality, and form 3-D and spreadsheet analyses. When building a log house, many aspects have to be considered, such as the quantity of wooden material and fastening fixtures, the working time required, a time schedule considering the reasonable sequence of work and delivery demands, a payment schedule and a realistic payroll. Both the builder and the client must know at the starting phase of the project how much time and money is required. During fieldwork, it is difficult to compensate for issues which were not paid attention to at the desk-stage.One of the important planning stages is preparing an expenditure estimate which has to be done before a detailed quotation can be drawn up. Doing this will help to avoid labour-intensive design work and detailed bid preparation, if the contract is not ultimately signed.Nowadays it is appropriate to use CAD drawing and spreadsheets for volume and cost calculations. More advanced drawing programs enable the insertion of additional information into the computer, such as the time volume of joints and grooves, types of additional work, etc., which form the so-called fourth dimension of a 3-D programme. When preparing the bid it is important to explain to the client what they will get, as well as what is not included in the quotation. 3-D models are also a good tool for illustrative explanations to such clients who are not familiar with log structures. Yet it has to be remembered that pictures cannot replace numbers, nor vice versa. A bid should also include delivery terms and costs for additional work and changes. It is important to prepare a written payment schedule. A good solution is to connect partial payments with the completion of certain work stages (for instance, logs debarked and stored for drying, the first six log rows installed, etc.).A precondition for preparing a good volume and cost calculation is the knowledge about what and how will be done, and how much and what material will be used. In addition it must be known how much time and material is required at different stages of the work. The latter requires experience, the gaining of which takes many years. But if one’s own activity is not consciously analysed, the knowledge needed for planning will not be acquired. By analyses the author means that during the building process of a building as much information as possible should be recorded. For instance, how much time and material is needed for hewing the logs, for building a particular structure, for arranging the cargo, etc. This information can be used in subsequent projects. Psychologically it is not easy to perform monitoring and analyses, since this means dealing with documentation after a long working day. Thus it is advisable that appropriate routines and methodology are established before starting the fieldwork. One of the simplest solutions for recording a construction process is to take photos of the building once a week, or to save the work stage in 3-D view.

A methodology to design a 3D graphic editor for micro-modeling of fiber-reinforced composite parts

Modern design process is a complex work which includes many aspects and so CAD/CAM/CAE are widely used now. The next special generation of such software which combines complex geometrical design facilities, micro-models of composite structures and FE analysis, and tools for additive technologies has to be developed. This paper proposes a design methodology of a new 3D raster/vector drawing program to make micro-models with crowding or coarsening of fiber structures. The definitions of the new terms, principles, and algorithms to design such structure as a set of domains are given. Files for additive technology machines and finite element analysis were created. This approach is the convenient means of micro-modeling of FRC complex shape parts.

Инженерно-графическая подготовка студентов строительных специальностей с использованием современных программных комплексов

We should equip the graduates of technical universities with the most modern knowledge. It is one of the most impor - tant teaching aims. Civil engineer must be able to draw, read drawings, simulate parts, mechanisms, structures, buildings and sites on their computers. This is a great amount of knowledge and a huge range of skills, and their formation requires a gradual transition from drawings using pencil and ruler, through a standard drawing program (such Autodesk AutoCAD and Compass ASCON) to the more complex software systems (AutoCAD, Revit and AutoCAD Civil 3D). The article presents our experience in developing educational programs for undergraduate and specialties. The program is designed for "General construction", "Railway Construction", "Management of the technical condition of the railway track", "Bridges", "Tunnels and Subways", "Industrial and Civil Engineering", "Water supply and sanitation". The system of training is based on a modular principle. The first module "Descriptive Geometry" uses the classic teaching methods. Although it is supplemented by modern visualization tools (electronic posters, presentations, 3D models). The second module "Engineering Graphics" is built with a focus on computer way of doing drawings. At this stage, we form the basic skills of drawing and 3D-modeling. The main goal the next phase of training (course "Computer Graphics") is to form good skills in computer-aided design. In the last stage (course "Software"), we use the most modern software systems using BIM. An integrated approach can effectively reach both local and general educational purposes and creates a base for the formation of core professional competencies engineer.

SRD: A Universal Software Tool for DNA/Protein Sequence Relationship Visualization Based on Undirected Graphs

In an effort to accelerate translational bioinformatics research, this study presents a universal software tool, named as Sequence Relation Drawing program (SRD). It can be used to dynamically visualize the relationship between molecular sequences and their categories based on undirected graphs in similarity analysis of gene and protein sequences. SRD consists of two components: a Window-based application and a computerized database. Researchers can import their datasets into the database, which will make the software run faster and occupy less memory. Pre-computed sequence relations and other user-defined information can also be imported into the system, and then be visualized in several interactive perspectives. Sequences could be partitioned into several categories, and several windows are provided and linked for the visualization involving intro-category, extra-category and category-category relationships, respectively. An example is also provided, which is HIV Pestiferous Map Analysis. Given the sequences of the envelope glycoprotein gene and their similarities, SRD could help to investigate traits of the spread of the AIDS disease, which may help biologists or clinicians to control the AIDS disease transmission in molecular epidemiology study. The SRD software can be download from http://www.nkbiox.com/srd/index.htm. Keywords: Categories map, sequence similarity, translational bioinformatics, undirected graph, visualization.

Validated TRNSYS Model for Solar Assisted Space Heating Systems

The present study involves a validated TRNSYS model for solar assisted space heating system as applied to a residential building in Jordan using new detailed radiation models of the TRNSYS 17.1 and geometric building model Trnsys3d for the Google SketchUp™ 3D drawing program. The annual heating load for a building (Solar House) which is located at the Royal Scientific Society (RSS) in Jordan is estimated under climatological conditions of Amman. The aim of this paper is to compare the measured thermal performance of the Solar House with that modeled using TRNSYS. The results showed that the annual measured space heating load for the building was 6,188 kWh while the heating load for the modeled building was 6,391 kWh. Moreover, the measured solar fraction for the solar system was 50% while the modeled solar fraction was 55%. A comparison of modeled and measured data resulted in percentage mean absolute errors for solar energy for space heating, auxiliary heating, and a solar fraction of 13%, 7%, and 10%, respectively. T e validated model will be useful for long-term performance simulation under different weather and operating conditions.

The Theoretical Line Loss Calculation Software of Graphical Distribution Network Based on the Secondary Development of Visio

A new development technique or method of graphical distribution network theoretical loss calculation software which based on Visio is presented in this paper. The software not only uses the graphical functions of Visio, but also fundamentally overcome the serious shortage of the Microsoft Visio VBA, it makes the drawing program in power system application software from the traditional VBA model to the embedded mode, and it can achieve the real time control of graphical distribution network theoretical loss calculation software. The study and applications show that this technical innovation gives a new effective approach for the development of graphical power system application software.

Key Drawing Program for the Prior Eutectoid and Eutectoid Zone of Non-Equilibrium Phase Diagram of Carbon Steel

The new type dynamic phase diagrams and the non-equilibrium lever principle of carbon steel have been established and discussed, the corresponding structures and chemical compositions are analyzed. The computer calculation programming of phase diagram and main computer program have been setted.

Program Drawing the Dynamic Phase Diagrams of MnCrNiMo Type Steels

The dynamic phase diagrams of MnCrNiMo type steel have been established and discussed, which can be applied in the practical production, and it analyzes the corresponding structures and chemical compositions. The computer calculation and drawing programs of non-equilibrium phase diagram of MnCrNiMo type steel. having been designed

Learning the Fructose Metabolism by Hypermedia

Introduction: Learning of biochemistry among other factors depends on create an educational environment favorable to the reality of the students and offer better educational tools for the teachers. Objective: The goal of this hypermedia is to motivate and strengthen the students learning about the metabolism of fructose. Materials And Methods:This work presents the development of a biochemical hypermedia to understanding of the fructose metabolism. It was developed with the help of concept maps, ISIS Draw, ADOBE Photoshop and FLASH MX Program. Results and Discussion: A step by step animation process shows the enzymatic reactions of three pathways of the fructose metabolism (principal route-fructokinase, sorbitol and hexokinase pathways).There are navigation guide that allow scrolling the mouse over the names of the components of enzymatic reactions of via the metabolism of fructose. Thus, explanatory text box, chemical structures and animation of the actions of enzymes appear to navigator. Upon completion of the module, the user’s response to the proposed exercise can be checked immediately through text box with interactive content of the answer. Conclusion:This hypermedia was presented for undergraduate students (UFSC). Its use allowed to users to reach the goal of understanding of the subject independently of their agility or background, since it was possible to each student navigate through the hypermedia according with his individual rhythm and as many times as needed . Interactive hypermedia is proving to be

정원환경과 문화를 융합한 창의적 체험프로그램 지침 연구

The purpose of this paper is to propose the criteria of garden and culture hybrid program. In order to answer the research question; What are the factor on satisfaction of garden and culture hybrid program? I reviewed the garden and culture program, we constructed a literature framework and formulated the hypothesis of this research. We have analyzed the data which surveyed 30 program teacher, using factor analysis, Pearson"s correlation analysis, and the multiple linear regression method. We found that: 1)17 variables can be selected for the factor of garden and culture program. Among the 17 independent variables used to blended the factor of garden and culture. 2)As a result of multiple regression analysis, independent variable influencing satisfaction were proved statistically significant at one percent level. Regarding their relative contribution of factors, relationship, creativity and observational drawing program were important factors. The research results suggest the application manual and counseling guidelines for experimental teacher about garden and culture hybrid program. I expect that hybrid garden and culture creative experimental program will use very well as a creative experimental activity. Keywords: Analysis , Multiple linear regression method , Program satisfaction

The Application of VB Matlab and AutoCAD in IC Engine Optimization Design

Estimating the advantages and disadvantages of Matlab/Simulink, Visual Basic (VB) and AutoCAD software, the model of the working process of internal combustion (IC) engine was built based on Matlab/Simulink, and the drawing programs for engine structure were written with the parametric design language AutoLISP. A user-friendly VB interface of inputting parameter was established, realizing VB coupled with AutoCAD and Matlab/Simulink software. Calling the AutoLISP drawing program nested in the AutoCAD and Matlab/Simulink software via VB, integration of the simulation and analysis of the engine and the CAD drawing of its body can be achieved. Its more efficient to analyze the performance and optimize the structure parameters of engines.

The Importance of Being Creative

Dennis Callahan is a graduate student in Materials at Caltech and also is an advisor to The STEAM Journal. He has created many types of scientific art, and his images have twice consecutively won first place at Caltech's Art of Science competition. Author/Artist Bio Dennis Callahan is a graduate student in Materials at Caltech. His thesis is focused on exploring design limits for novel types of solar cells to achieve maximum efficiency with minimum cost and use of raw materials. He has created many types of scientific art, and his images have twice consecutively won first place at Caltech's Art of Science competition. In his spare time Dennis is an amateur photographer and singersongwriter. He also experiments with generative art, which is an art form at the intersection of abstract drawing and computer programming in which artistic works are created with a computer through the use of human designed algorithms. One of his major interests and passions is the merging of science and art to help foster a greater widespread understanding of the purpose and importance of each of these typically distinct and ‘under-appreciated’ topics. www.its.caltech.edu/~callahan/Home.html Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. This editorial is available in The STEAM Journal: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/steam/vol1/iss2/4 The Importance of Being Creative

Study on Automatic Drawing and Dimension of Hydraulic Flat Steel Gates on Inventor

A method of automatic drawing and dimensioning for hydraulic flat steel gates, which determines the projection of 3D model and data in two-dimensional space by data graphic method, which orientates by local coordinate system, which automatic dimensions by Brep and location dimension, is presented. Automatic drawing program is written by VB.Net and C# on Inventor API, which can be directly used to practical engineering.

Development of Computer-Aided Design Module for Mechanical Products Based on AutoCAD

Based on the basic process of mechanical product design and a modular design idea, the module includes three parts, i.e. design calculation, computer-aided drawing and foundation database. The design calculation mainly includes the commonly used design calculation program in mechanical product design, and the computer-aided drawing mainly includes the parametric drawing programs about the drawing environment and the commonly used machine parts, the foundation database mainly stores the data related to the mechanical product design. Then a computer-aided design module for mechanical product will be constructed by Autolisp and DCL. And the proposed computer-aided design module is developed on the friendly interface, easy to use, and can provide mechanical engineers for product design efficiency greatly.

Study on Material Properties with VLISP Based CAD Parameterization Applicable for Casting Sprue

Casting sprue is required to parameterize for suiting material processing and developing casting quality so as to find the best casting sprue for the corresponding material. In this work, parameterization for casting sprue for different materials is conducted using Visual LISP. The main procedures are like this in sequence: establishing dialog for the casting sprue parameters of variable materials, drawing programming, entering the shape parameters of one material into the dialog, directly outputting its model through CAD. Combining techniques of material casting, CAD and Visual LISP together offers following merits: (i) simplify repetitive sprue design among different materials and develop drawing efficiency by making certain CAD function automatic. (ii) develop sprue design efficiency among different materials by leaving many similar structures of different materials to a computer program.

Biochemical Hypermedia: Galactose Metabolism.

Introduction: Animations of biochemical processes and virtual laboratory environments lead to true molecular simulations. The use of interactive software’s in education can improve cognitive capacity, better learning and, mainly, it makes information acquisition easier. Material and Methods: This work presents the development of a biochemical hypermedia to understanding of the galactose metabolism. It was developed with the help of concept maps, ISIS Draw, ADOBE Photoshop and FLASH MX Program. Results and Discussion: A step by step animation process shows the enzymatic reactions of galactose conversion to glucose-1-phosphate (to glycogen synthesis), glucose-6-phosphate (glycolysis intermediary), UDP-galactose (substrate to mucopolysaccharides synthesis and collagen’s glycosylation). There are navigation guide that allow scrolling the mouse over the names of the components of enzymatic reactions of via the metabolism of galactose. Thus, explanatory text box, chemical structures and animation of the actions of enzymes appear to navigator. Upon completion of the module, the user’s response to the proposed exercise can be checked immediately through text box with interactive content of the answer. Conclusion: This hypermedia was presented for undergraduate students (UFSC) who revealed that it was extremely effective in promoting the understanding of the theme.

표준화된 철근배근도 작성 자동화를 위한 필요 사항에 관한 연구

An automation of standardized rebar shop drawing is necessary for easy application by improving workability, prompt preparation to field change request and easy revisions of shop drawing. Through investigating problem of current rebar shop drawing, we found that standardization of reinforcing detail, standardization of rebar expression and automation of rebar shop drawing program for the sake of designer is needed. We will investigate disagreement of reinforcing detail between building code and how worker build structure for standardization of reinforcing detail, demands of companies participated in rebar process for standardization of rebar expression and proper algorithm with selectable level of inputting data for automation of rebar shop drawing program for the sake of designer.

A Method to Solve the Limitations in Drawing External Rays of the Mandelbrot Set

The external rays of the Mandelbrot set are a valuable graphic tool in order to study this set. They are drawn using computer programs starting from the Böttcher coordinate. However, the drawing of an external ray cannot be completed because it reaches a point from which the drawing tool cannot continue drawing. This point is influenced by the resolution of the standard for floating-point computation used by the drawing program. The IEEE 754 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic is the most widely used standard for floating-point computation, and we analyze the possibilities of the quadruple 128 bits format of the current IEEE 754-2008 Standard in order to draw external rays. When the drawing is not possible, due to a lack of resolution of this standard, we introduce a method to draw external rays based on the escape lines and Bézier curves.

A Computer Program for Evaluating the Risk of Lightning Impact and for Designing the Installation of Lightning Rod Protection for Photovoltaic System

Due to the fact that Photovoltaic (PV) systems must be practically installed in outdoor areas for converting solar radiation into electric power. For this reason, PV systems have to face the risk of damage from lightning. Mostly, PV Plants installed in Thailand, they have still not been installed lightning rods appropriately and engineers do not study lightning protection properly for PV systems. Then this paper has been gathering information about lightning protection in PV systems to develop a computer program for making a decision on either need to install lightning protection in PV system or not., the computer program can give a design on how to install lightning rods by using the protective angle method. This proposed computer program is tested by using the information from an existing 25kWp PV system installed at Thayang district, Phetburi province of Thailand. It was found that the existing 25k Wp PV system there faces a risk of damage from lightning strike on average 4.15 times per year and damage costs could be high. Accordingly, the proposed computer program can correctly design for lightning rod installation and verify the results by another 3D drawing program with the same method. From the results showed that all components of an existing PV system mentioned are properly protected by lightning rod. Consequently, the project owner is recommended that the existing PV system should be protected by installation of lightning rod.

Using Evernote as an Electronic Lab Notebook in a Translational Science Laboratory

Electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs) offer significant advantages over traditional paper laboratory notebooks (PLNs), yet most research labs today continue to use paper documentation. While biopharmaceutical companies represent the largest portion of ELN users, government and academic labs trail far behind in their usage. Our lab, a translational science laboratory at New York University School of Medicine (NYUSoM), wanted to determine if an ELN could effectively replace PLNs in an academic research setting. Over 6 months, we used the program Evernote to record all routine experimental information. We also surveyed students working in research laboratories at NYUSoM on the relative advantages and limitations of ELNs and PLNs and discovered that electronic and paper notebook users alike reported the inability to freehand into a notebook as a limitation when using electronic methods. Using Evernote, we found that the numerous advantages of ELNs greatly outweighed the inability to freehand directly into a notebook. We also used imported snapshots and drawing program add-ons to obviate the need for freehanding. Thus, we found that using Evernote as an ELN not only effectively replaces PLNs in an academic research setting but also provides users with a wealth of other advantages over traditional paper notebooks.