Components Of Drainage System Research Articles

Infections Associated with Medtronic Duet External Ventricular Drains - Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, January 2023-January 2024.

External ventricular drains (EVDs) are medical devices that are inserted into the ventricles of the brain to drain excess fluid, manage intracranial hypertension, monitor intracranial pressure, and administer medications. Unintentional disconnections and breaks or fractures (breaks) of EVDs or associated drainage system components can result in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and increased risk for EVD-associated infections. After replacement of Integra Life Sciences EVD systems with Medtronic Duet EVD systems at Rhode Island Hospital in mid-September 2023, a threefold increase was observed in the prevalence of positive CSF cultures, from 2.8 per 1,000 days with an EVD in place (EVD days) during January-September 2023 to 11.4 per 1,000 EVD days during October 2023-January 2024 (rate ratio [RR] = 5.7; 95% CI = 1.5-22.0; p = 0.01) and an eightfold increase in the prevalence of infections, from 0.7 to 6.5 per 1,000 EVD days (RR = 9.8; 95% CI = 1.1-87.3; p = 0.04). An investigation by Rhode Island Hospital Infection Control during December 2023-January 2024 identified frequent reports of disconnections and breaks of the Medtronic Duet EVD system. A search of the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database identified 326 reports nationwide of disconnection and breaks of components of the Duet EVD system, including 175 during 2023. A Medical Product Safety Network report was filed. The Duet EVD product was ultimately recalled in January 2024, citing disconnections of the EVD system and reports of CSF leakage and infection. Given the widespread use of EVD systems by neurosurgery centers and the risk for EVD-associated infections, a strategy for future consideration by hospital infection prevention and control programs might be inclusion of EVD-associated infections in hospital surveillance programs to rapidly identify increases in these events and determine factors related to such infections to prevent additional infections.

Flow Characteristics in Perforated Subsurface Drain of Drainage System Application: Case Study of Gate Fully Open with Longitudinal Slope 1/500

Subsurface drainage is part of a sustainable drainage system's components. This component represents the infiltration of stormwater into the subsurface drainage system for flow attenuation purposes. This study examines the flow parameters of subsurface drainage components. The laboratory validation of perforated subsurface drains was conducted at a longitudinal slope gradient of 1/500 with the Gate Fully Open. The manning, n data obtained in these experiments varies with several hydraulic parameters. Therefore, the experimental relationship between the flow characteristics of these subsurface drain components has been investigated. The relationship between flow behavior has been determined. The sub-critical and supercritical, and turbulence flow has occurred in this study.

The evolution and preservation potential of englacial eskers: An example from Breiðamerkurjökull, SE Iceland

AbstractDirectly observing glacial drainage systems (englacial and subglacial) is challenging. The distribution, morphology and internal structure of eskers can provide valuable information about the glacial drainage system and meltwater processes. This work presents the annual evolution (meltout) and internal structure of an esker emerging from the Breiðamerkurjökull ice margin, southeast Iceland. Changes in esker morphology have been repeatedly mapped over a 1‐year period using high temporal and spatial resolution data acquired by an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV). The internal architecture of the esker was investigated using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) surveys. These data are used to identify the dominant processes driving the formation of this englacial esker and to evaluate the preservation potential. The englacial esker was up to 2.6 m thick and ice‐cored. A large moulin upglacier of the esker, which evolved into an englacial conduit, supplied meltwater to the englacial channel. Upglacier dipping debris‐filled basal hydrofractures, formed by pressurised subglacial meltwater rising up the retrograde bed slope, likely supplied sediment to the englacial conduit. Over the 1‐year period of observation the crest morphology evolved from flat‐ to sharp‐crested and the esker footprint increased by a factor of 5.7 in response to post‐depositional processes. The findings presented here indicate that englacial eskers may have low preservation potential due to post‐depositional reworking such as slumping through ice‐core meltout and erosion by later meltwater flow. As englacial eskers may not be preserved in the landscape, they could represent important glacial drainage system components that are not currently captured in palaeo‐ice sheet reconstructions. This work highlights the value of creating a time series of high‐temporal resolution data to quantify morphological evolution and improve glacial process‐form models.

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK GIBOULT MENGGUNAKAN METODE NEW SEVEN TOOLS DI PT ANEKA ADHILOGAM KARYA

ABSTRACT
 
 PT Aneka Adhilogam Karya is a company located on Jl. header Batur Jaya, Batur, Tegalrejo, Kec. Ceper, Kab. Klaten, Central Java 57465. The company is a metal casting industry manufacturing/manufacturing, specifically a manufacturer of pipe connection equipment for drinking water/pressurized similar fluids and a manufacturer of drainage system components. One of them is the Gibol product, the problem with this company is that there are still a large number of defective and rejected products during the production process. Based on data obtained from PT Aneka Adhilogam Karya, it shows that there are many product defects that occur, to be precise in 2022 with a total number of repairs of 121 defective products, namely in the kropos category, total defects 20, percentage of defects 16.53%, continuous total defects 34, percentage of total defects. defect 28.10%, incomplete defect 41 percentage of total defects 33.90%, total defect table 26 percentage of total defects 21.50%. With product defects that occur, quality control is needed, namely by using the New Seven Tools method. By using 7 (Seven) data processing steps including Affinity Diagrams, Ship Relationship Diagrams, Tree Diagrams, Matrix Diagrams, Matrix Data Analysis, Arrow Diagrams, and Process Decision Program Charts. Get some problems, namely in the category of human factors the operator does not work according to the SOP, the operator is negligent, lack of communication. The method categories are mold pattern design, metal material composition, smelting process, pouring process, inlet and riser channel arrangement. The environmental categories are flying dust, the noisy work area reaches 98 dB with a noise standard of 85 dB, the hot work area reaches 31°C - 35°C. The engine category is the occurrence of problems with the smelting machine, lack of machine maintenance. By doing data processing to get control results, namely by setting up machines, improving the performance of human resources and methods, improving the environment, maintaining machines, replacing tools with new ones, conducting operator training, adding blowers.
 Keryword: Product Defects, Gibol, Quality, New Seven Tools

GIS-based Assessment of Morphological and Hydrological Parameters of Ribeira dos Socorridos and Ribeira do Vigario Basins, Madeira Island, Portugal

The main objective is to identify hydraulic and hydrologic features of drainage basins of Ribeira dos Socorridos, and Ribeira do Vigário located in Madeira Island, (Câmara de Lobos).So, the research analyzed, theoretically, the sediment transport in the above-mentioned cases, and consequently, possible measures for torrential correction were studied. Thereby, hydrographic, geological, and hydrological features of this Archipelago were analyzed in the first phase. Thus, a geographic framing of drainage basins was made - using digital terrain models and deep characterization of the understudy drainage basins. In this regard, it was possible to obtain data regarding the geometric, relief, and drainage system components, using the Geographic Information Systems (GIS).In fact, the use of GIS makes it possible to characterize all descriptive indices/parameters of a hydrographic basin. These indices/parameters linked to the region's climate explain the need for human intervention to construct river hydraulic infrastructure and implement mitigation measures.Moreover, torrential correction techniques were presented to anticipate and mitigate this typology of events. Contextually, this study provides us several goals to consider in the future, including the most relevant actions and guidelines to enhance the characterization of drainage basins and clarify the characterization and accounting of sediment transport.

Lumbar Drains After Cardiac Surgery: Evidence-Based Solutions for Safe Management.

Lumbar Drains After Cardiac Surgery: Evidence-Based Solutions for Safe Management.

Can a fully integrated approach enclose the drainage system design and the flood risk analysis?

In recent years, the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology has emerged as a pivotal approach for the design and management optimization of infrastructures. The need for fully integrated models has led to develop various tools to support the designers throughout the decision-making process of the entire life cycle of an infrastructure project. In particular, the design of transport infrastructures is a complex process that involves issues concerning all the different fields of civil engineering. In this framework, the BIM method can be efficiently applied to support the project of drainage systems capable of protecting railways and roadways from potential hydraulic risks. According to the above, this study presents an optimized BIM-based methodology for the integrated analysis of the flood risk and the design of the drainage system components. Specifically, the proposed method allows to implement hydraulics and hydrological numerical models as part of the different design phases. Such an approach holds two main advantages for the designer. On one hand, the computational modelling provides a decisive support in both defining water surface profiles over the designed area and identifying the spots exposed to major hydrological risks. On the other hand, the hydraulically guided modelling of each component of the drainage system allows for an increase of the overall productivity and efficiency of the project. A case study is presented to highlight the great potential of the proposed approach in ensuring both the integrity of datasets and the rapid clash detection of critical interferences between each system component. In conclusion, new perspectives about a fully integrated hydraulics analysis in the infrastructures design process are stressed out.

Identifying weak points of urban drainage systems by means of VulNetUD

This article presents the development and application of the software tool VulNetUD. VulNetUD is a tool for GIS-based identification of vulnerable sites of urban drainage systems (UDS) using hydrodynamic simulations undertaken using EPA SWMM. The benefit of the tool is the output of different vulnerability maps rating sewer surcharging, sewer flooding, combined sewer overflow (CSO) efficiency and CSO emissions. For this, seven predefined performance indicators are used to evaluate urban drainage systems under abnormal, critical and future conditions. The application on a case study highlights the capability of the tool to identify weak points of the urban drainage systems. Thereby it is possible to identify urban drainage system components which cause the highest performance decrease across the entire system. The application of the method on a real world case study shows for instance that a reduction of catchment areas which are located upstream of CSOs with relatively less capacity in the downstream sewers achieves the highest increases efficiency of the system. Finally, the application of VulNetUD is seen as a valuable tool for managers and operators of waste water utilities to improve the efficiency of their systems. Additionally vulnerability maps generated by VulNetUD support risk management e.g. decision making in urban development planning or the development of rehabilitation strategies.

An investigation on mechanism of acid drain in heap leaching structures

Gravelly drainage layer and semi-slotted polyethylene pipes are two main components of drainage system of heap leaching structures. Fluid is locally drained and directed to semi-slotted polyethylene pipes by gravelly drainage layer. Then, it is sent to a pregnant leach solution (PLS) pond by the semi-slotted polyethylene pipes gravitationally. In this paper, initially the existing relations, suggested for the design of drainage system of heap leaching structures, are analyzed. Then, the main differences between fluid drain in landfills and heap leaching structures are presented, and consequently, two new correction factors, named “replacement” and “delay” factors are suggested. The replacement factor illustrates the ratio of mean value of heap layers area to the acid-washed area and the delay factor represents the reduction of heap layers area. The new correction factors are added to Giroud equation and the modified format of the equation is suggested for computing gravelly drainage layer thickness of heap leaching structures. Also, these two correction factors are added to Majdi et al. equation and two new relations are suggested for determination of main and auxiliary drainage semi-slotted polyethylene pipes diameters in these structures. Finally, based on the new relations, adequate drainage systems are designed for two case studies (“Tarom” and “Sarcheshmeh 2” heap leaching structures) and the results are compared with those calculated by the exiting equations.

Stormwater Management for Petroleum Refineries

Stormwater management analysis for a petroleum refinery drainage system requires the careful consideration of all components to ensure that wastewater effluent guidelines are met during rainfall events. Federal and provincial guidelines are discussed with attention given as to how their intent can be met in the analysis and design of refinery drainage systems.Refinery runoff areas can be divided into three types for stormwater management analysis: contaminated areas such as the process unit areas; potentially contaminated areas such as roadways and tank fields; and uncontaminated areas in undeveloped parts of the refinery. The management of the runoff from each area can be markedly different depending on the quality and quantity of the runoff to be dealt with. Short duration storm events are often as important as long duration events in sizing the various drainage facilities. Runoff from each area must, therefore, be analysed carefully, with consideration given to its interaction with other drainage system components and the process wastewater flow.