Drainage Monitoring Research Articles

孔別ガス抜き量の計測結果について 沿層ボーリングによる地山ガス抜き量の計測 （第２報）

Continuous measurements related to gas drainage and cuttings volume at boring were carried out at 20 in-seam boreholes of No.3 slope area in Minami-Oyubari coal mine, which contained the virgin area, influence area due to cross measure boreholes from another rock road, and influence area due to boreholes of previous boring base.The results obtained were as follows.1) The relationship between cuttings volume at boring and influence area due to cross measure borings were described.2) Investigating the relationship between the influence area due to cross measure borings and gas drainage rate, it was recognized that the latter was smaller as the former was larger.3) It was recognized that cumulative gas drainage volume was in proportion to thepeak value of gas drainage rate.4) Typical gas drainage curves at each borehole could be divided into two patterns according to geological conditions and gas drainage rates.

A new way to monitor external ventricular drainage.

External ventricular drainage is prone to mechanical complications and monitoring the system is not easy. It requires repeated checking of the drip or the level of the drained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the bag. It was thus proposed that an efficient method by which to monitor the complete external ventricular drainage system would be by continuously weighing the drained CSF. Using weighing scales, a converter, and a recorder, the CSF weight was displayed as a function of time (i.e., flow, if the specific gravity of the CSF is 1, which is usually the case as an approximation). This system was used in 16 comatose patients (11 with subarachnoid hemorrhages and 5 with hydrocephaly during 204 recorded periods of 22.7 +/- 2.8 hours (mean +/- standard deviation). The mean flow was 0.17 +/- 0.05 ml/min. A cessation of CSF flow was seen graphically as a plateau. This occurred 18 times because of obstruction, which was relieved before clinical worsening by making minor adjustments in 15 patients and by reinsertion of a drain in 3 patients. Nociceptive stimuli like tracheal suctioning were also clearly visible on the graph (increased slope, i.e., increased CSF flow). This type of external ventricular drainage monitoring appears to be safe and reliable, giving indications before changes in medical condition. The observed flow, however, is not equal to its rate of secretion but rather to the difference between CSF secretion and reabsorption.

Ultrasound; a method of brain abscess drainage monitoring

Ultrasound guided percutaneous aspiration was performed in fourteen patients with multiple brain abscesses. A bone defect in the skull served as the site of needle insertion and served to sonographically evaluate the abscesses. Antibiotic therapy was administered in all cases. Repeat drainage was required in 5 cases. There were no complications. In 10 patients complete improvement without CNS lesions was achieved. Three patients suffered from headaches and seizures for a period of 6 weeks following the aspiration. One patient with multiple otogenic abscesses died in spite of multiple efforts to drain the abscesses. Our results demonstrate sonography to be very effective for monitoring brain abscess drainage and follow-up.

Computer Monitoring of Environmental Conditions and Production Processes (WCC)

For safe and efficient mining operations, it is essential that environment and equipment status be monitored. A system that gives quick access to status at any given time, and also permits quick analysis of their history, is required. Such a computer based monitoring system has been installed at West Cliff Colliery. The system is based on 2 super mini computers. Three major sub-systems monitor conditions in the longwall operations, environmental conditions in the intake and return roadways, status of the underground and surface installations, and mining and transport equipment. The environmental and gas drainage monitoring system is based upon that developed by Chartonage De France Research Institute (CERCHAR), and the longwall support and equipment monitoring system is a development basea upon Mines Research Development Establishment U.K. (MRDE). Equipment monitoring system and computer software has been modified and expanded within the KCC Group. All systems operate through central stations, over telephone lines, to the computer system. Information received on the surface is processed and displayed on colour monitoring stations. Information from one or more channels can be retrieved onto the monitoring station screen at any time. The system incorporates alarm signals, which are activated if a given parameter is reached.

Real-time sonographic monitoring of percutaneous abscess drainage.

Real-time sonographic monitoring of percutaneous abscess drainage.

Application of thermal infrared imagery to canal leakage detection

The North Unit Irrigation District of central Oregon is an area of limited water availability. Because of the limited water resource, close monitoring of water conveyance, application, and drainage are required. An HRB Singer AN/AAS 14 optical-electronic thermal infrared scanning system was used to test its utility for monitoring one aspect of the water management scheme, the conveyance or canal system. Thermal infrared imagery, sensed in the 8–14 μm portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, was found to be an economical and practical method of detecting conveyance system leakage sites.

Intracranial pressure changes following aneurysm rupture. Part 1: clinical and angiographic correlations.

Intraventricular pressure (IVP) was measured continuously by the method of Lundberg for an average period of 8 days in 52 patients with recent rupture of an intracranial saccular aneurysm. The patients were graded as follows according to the system of Hunt and Hess: 13 patients were Grades I-II, 19 patients Grades II-III, and 20 patients Grades III-V. The degree of cerebral arterial spasm was measured on angiograms taken on admission and approximately 7 days later. Drainage of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid was performed intermittently when IVP exceeded 25 mm Hg. The results showed a close correlation between changes in clinical grade and in mean IVP. Drainage improved the condition in uncomplicated cases, but was less effective or ineffective when severe vasospasm or rebleeding occurred. Lowering the IVP by drainage did not appear to increase the risk of rebleeding. In contrast to patients with no or slight spasm, patients with severe spasm had a permanently elevated IVP, even before spasm was demonstrable angiographically. A mean IVP exceeding 25 mm Hg for the whole period of monitoring was associated with a poor prognosis. Finally, indications for continuous monitoring of IVP and ventricular drainage in aneurysm patients are suggested.

Automated flow-recording system for field drainage monitoring—Direct data compilation of surface and subsurface drain flow

An automatic recording console has been developed to accept water stage data from remote weirs and flumes and store the data on magnetic tape. The sensing-transmitting-cycling-recording components can economically replace the mechanical-manual systems for converting flow events to card or tape data ready for computer analysis. A sequence of problems that had prevented operation was solved and is reported herein.