Dragon Fruit Peel Research Articles

The Influence of Oral Administration of Red Dragon Fruit Peels Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on Increasing High Density Lipoprotein in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Hypercholesterolemia

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common diseases in the world, with cholesterol levels exceeding normal levels. Hypercholesterolemia can cause various systemic disorders in the body. One of the signs is by decreasing HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol levels. Dragon fruit peel contains many ingredients, such as vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin C, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and other minerals that can affect the increase in HDL production and reduce total cholesterol levels. Purpose: To know the effect of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus)on increasing levels of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in male rats (Rattus norvegicus) hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Male rats were made hypercholesterolemic using a mixture of lard (3 ml) and egg yolk (1 g) for 14 days orally. 20 hypercholesterolemic male rats were further divided into 5 treatment groups and given dragon fruit peel extract therapy with different treatments, namely T0 negative control (CMC-Na 1% + aquadest), T1 positive control (Simvastatin 0.0013 mg/200 g BW), T2, T3 and T4 (each 100, 150, 200 mg/kg BW red dragon fruit peel extract) for 14 days orally. Blood serum was taken on day 36 and tested in the laboratory using a chemical analyzer machine; then the data were analyzed using the univariant multiple way one-way ANOVA statistical test with a significant difference (p>0.05). Results: The P4 treatment group has an effective dose (200 mg/kg BW) to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, while the P3 treatment group (dose 150 mg/kg BW) is less effective but can still have an effect. Conclusion: This research showed that red dragon fruit peel extract could increase HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol levels with an effective 200 mg/kg BW dose.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel on Male White Rat

Background: The side effects of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs have become a known problem in medicine as well as in the general public. These side effects problems drive patients to seek alternatives to common anti-inflammatory drugs, especially natural alternatives. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and many different others have been identified as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one source of such phytochemicals. Whilst the consumption of the flesh of red dragon fruit is very common, utilization of the peel is very rare and often becomes waste. Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential of red dragon fruit peel as an anti-inflammatory agent. Methods: This experimental study with a control group post-test-only design. This study involved in-vitro (protein denaturation inhibition using bovine serum albumin) and in-vivo (carrageenan-induced inflammation on an air-pouch model on 25 white rats) experiment. Results: This study showed that the red dragon fruit peel extract contains flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and tannin compounds. Administration of red dragon fruit peel extract suspension was found to be effective at inhibiting protein denaturation and reducing white blood count in the inflammation exudates, and the effectiveness is increasing along with the dose. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the red dragon fruit peel extract was effective as an anti-inflammatory agent, especially at a higher dose.

Formulation of Peel-Off Gel Mask from of Carbopol (Daucus carota L) Skin Extract as Antioxidant with variations of Carbopoly Base 940 and Propylene Glycol

Antioxidant compounds reduce ageing of the skin. Carrot peels contain antioxidant compounds. This research aimed to determine whether the red dragon fruit peels can be made into preparations like peel-off mask gel with variations in carbopol 940 and propylene glikol as the influence of variations in the physical basis of the quality of preparation and antioxidant activity. Carrot peel extraxtion by a maseration method using 70% ethanol. Peel-off mask gel made with a variable concentration of carbopol 940 and propylene glycol which is 0.5%: 5%; 0.5%: 7.5%; 0.5%: 10%; 1%: 5%; 1%: 7.5%; and 1%: 10%. The DPPH (1,1-dyphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl) method was used for the antioxidant test. The evaluation is used for observing the physical properties, which include organoleptic, time to dry, viscosity, spreading, and pH, with antioxidant activity of each formula. The results showed that the carrot peels can be made into a prepared peel-off mask gel. The low amount of propylene glycol and high amount of carbopol 940 affected the quality of the preparation. It had a high viscosity, low dispersive power, an acid pH, dried out slowly, and had low antioxidant activity.

Mutu Fisik Makanan Pendamping ASI dari Bubuk Kedelai dan Kulit Buah Naga

Infants can be given complementary food to fulfil their nutritional needs at aged 6-24 months to prevent infants from malnutrition. A mixture of various ingredients in complementary foods can be made to obtain products with high nutritional value with quality that meets the requirements. In addition to nutritional quality, there are physical qualities that must be metIn addition to nutritional quality, there are physical qualities that must be met. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ingredient formulation on the physical properties of the complementary foods made from soybeans and dragon fruit peels. The samples used were MP_ASI products with various treatments of soybean powder and powdered milk (1:1; 5:9; 9:5). The physical properties test included kamba density analysis, brewing test, rehydration time and solubility. The results of the data were analyzed using the SPSS ANOVA test. The results showed that the ratio of soy powder and milk powder had a significant effect on the rehidration time (p=0,007) and brew analysis(p=0,03), but no significant effect on the bulk density and solubility(p>0,05). Soybean powder and dragon fruit peel extract can be ingredients for complementary food but other ingredients need to be added to increase the bulk density

Dragon Fruit Peel Waste (Hylocereus undatus) as a Potential Ingredient for Reducing Lipid Peroxidation, Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products, and Starch Digestibility in Cookies.

Excessive consumption of cookies has been linked to harmful health outcomes owing to the presence of refined carbohydrates and heat-induced toxicants including end products of lipid peroxidation and dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs). To address this issue, this study explores the addition of dragon fruit peel powder (DFP), which is rich in phytochemicals and dietary fibers, to cookies as a potential solution to mitigate their adverse effects. The results indicate that adding DFP at 1%, 2%, and 5% w/w of raw cookie dough significantly improves the total phenolic and betacyanin contents and antioxidant activity, as evidenced by increased ferric-reducing antioxidant power. DFP incorporation also led to reductions in malondialdehyde and dAGEs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the starch digestibility, hydrolysis index, and predicted glycemic index were all reduced in the presence of DFP, with the latter estimate being due to the higher content of undigested starch. Incorporating DFP in cookies resulted in significant changes in their physical properties, including texture and color. However, sensory evaluation indicates that the overall acceptability of the cookies was not negatively impacted by the addition of up to 2% DFP, suggesting that it is a viable option for enhancing the nutritional value of cookies without compromising their palatability. These findings suggest that DFP is a sustainable and healthier ingredient that can improve the antioxidant capacity of cookies while also mitigating the harmful effects of heat-induced toxins.

Penambahan Tepung Ampas Tahu dan Tepung Kulit Buah Naga Terhadap Tepung Premiks Pancake

Pancakes are pancakes made from several ingredients, namely eggs, flour, sugar, and water. These ingredients are mixed with water to form a thick dough and then fried on a flat pan (Teflon) which is smeared with a little oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding tofu dregs flour and dragon fruit pancake skin flour on water content and protein content. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 3 formulations with the addition of tofu dregs flour A1 (10%), A2 (20%), A3 (30%) and dragon fruit peel flour by 10% the same in all treatments. From the results of this study, it shows that the more addition of tofu dregs flour, the more water content and protein content.

Karakteristik Uji Stabilitas Pigmen dan Antioksida Hasil Ekstraksi Pewarna Alami dari Kulit Buah Naga Merah

This article aims to determine the level of anthocyanins in natural colors derived from dragon fruit, especially on the skin. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with SPSS was used as the research method for this article, as well as two treatments, namely variations in solvent volume A and immersion time (B). Each treatment consisted of three levels and three repetitions, namely the first factor of variation in solvent volume (A) consisted of (A1) 0.29%, (A2) 0.432%, (A3) 0.576%. The second factor is the immersion time (B1) 42 hours, (B2) 48 hours, (B3) 72 hours. Extraction of anthocyanin pigment from red dragon fruit skin was carried out using maceration extraction. The test parameters in this study were the color stability test, anthocyanin content test and the yield of dragon fruit peel extract. The pH value was measured using a pocket pH meter. In this study, a spectrophotometer was used to determine the brightness level of anthocyanins. Measurement of the weight % yield of anthocyanin pigment was carried out using the yield formula below. The research results show; (1) the best treatment resulted in extraction using citric acid solvent: water which produced an absorbance of 0.479 – 0.439 at λmax 517 nm; (2) radar antioxidant activity in anthocyanins from dragon fruit peels of 76.71%; (3) the stability of anthocyanin dyes is stable at acidic pH from pH 2 – pH 5, at a temperature of 80˚C and the effect of long exposure to the lamp makes the anthocyanin dyes unstable; and (4) dragon fruit syrup was stable at almost the same pH of dragon fruit syrup without coloring and added dragon fruit syrup, namely 3.42 and 3.89.

Red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit peel extract increased the motility and viability of spermatozoa of hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus)

This study aims to determine the effect of red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit peel extract (RDFPE) on spermatozoa motility and viability of hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus) as a model. Twenty male rats were randomly divided into negative control (NC), positive control (PC), treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2), and treatment 3 (T3) groups. All rats were given 2 mL of high cholesterol feed orally every day for 28 days. On day-15, all rats were measured for their blood cholesterol levels, followed by treatment for 14 days. Rats in the NC, PC, T1, T2, and T3 groups were treated with 1% Na-CMC, Simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW, and RDFPE of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively. On day-29, all rats were sacrificed to evaluate spermatozoa viability and motility. The results showed that spermatozoa viability and motility in the hypercholesterolemic rats (NC) group were the lowest (p &lt;0.05) among the groups. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with Simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW (PC) group showed higher (p &lt;0.05) spermatozoa viability and motility compared to the NC group. RDFPE dose of 1000 mg/kg BW (T3 group) resulted in higher (p &lt;0.05) spermatozoa viability and motility compared to other RDFPE doses (T1 and T2) and the control (NC) groups, and it was similar (p &gt;0.05) compared with the Simvastatin treated (PC) group. It could be concluded that the administration of 1000 mg/kg BW ethanolic extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel increased the viability and motility of spermatozoa of hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were the same as the group of rats given Simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW.

Red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit peel extract increased the motility and viability of spermatozoa of hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus)

This study aims to determine the effect of red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit peel extract (RDFPE) on spermatozoa motility and viability of hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus) as a model. Twenty male rats were randomly divided into negative control (NC), positive control (PC), treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2), and treatment 3 (T3) groups. All rats were given 2 mL of high cholesterol feed orally every day for 28 days. On day-15, all rats were measured for their blood cholesterol levels, followed by treatment for 14 days. Rats in the NC, PC, T1, T2, and T3 groups were treated with 1% Na-CMC, Simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW, and RDFPE of 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg BW, respectively. On day-29, all rats were sacrificed to evaluate spermatozoa viability and motility. The results showed that spermatozoa viability and motility in the hypercholesterolemic rats (NC) group were the lowest (p &lt;0.05) among the groups. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with Simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW (PC) group showed higher (p &lt;0.05) spermatozoa viability and motility compared to the NC group. RDFPE dose of 1000 mg/kg BW (T3 group) resulted in higher (p &lt;0.05) spermatozoa viability and motility compared to other RDFPE doses (T1 and T2) and the control (NC) groups, and it was similar (p &gt;0.05) compared with the Simvastatin treated (PC) group. It could be concluded that the administration of 1000 mg/kg BW ethanolic extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel increased the viability and motility of spermatozoa of hypercholesterolemic rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were the same as the group of rats given Simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW.

Antioxidant Activity of Red Dragon Fruit Teabag (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peels with the Addition of Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, BI)

Free radicals have very unstable and reactive molecules. Excessive free radicals can trigger oxidative stress and cause various diseases. The peel of red dragon fruit contains chemical compounds that shows potential as an antioxidants. This study aims to optimize the benefits of red dragon fruit peels as tea bags because its convenient and simple to use. Design of this study was a randomized block design (RBD) which consisted of two factors, the drying temperature of the red dragon fruit skin (T) and the teabag formulation (F). Ginger and cinnamon are added as flavoring ingredients to the formula. The result showed that the drying temperature of the peel red dragon fruit affects the antioxidant activity of the teabag, where T1 has the highest antioxidant activity. The formulation of teabags also affects the antioxidant activity of the teabag, where F1 has the highest antioxidant activity. T1F1 had the highest antioxidant activity, and the interaction between the two (T and F) had a significant effect on antioxidant activity (p &lt; 0.05).

The physical and chemical characteristics of eco-enzyme fermentation liquids from several compositions of local fruits and vegetables in banyuwangi

The high population and horticultural production in Banyuwangi indirectly contribute to the number of landfills, where as much as 60% of the waste in the dump is organic, such as vegetables, fruit, and food. Therefore, a solution is needed to utilize waste from human activities as a helpful product and valuable, such as eco-enzymes. Eco-enzyme is the product of fermentation from organic waste such as vegetable, fruit, and sugar. Eco-enzyme can be used in agriculture, medicine, and others. This study aimed to analyze the compositions of fruit and vegetable that produce the highest quality eco-enzyme. The experimental design used Complete Randomized Design with four fruits and vegetables compositions replicated three times. The treatments were vegetable waste + orange peel; vegetable waste + dragon fruit peel, vegetable waste + mangosteen peel; and vegetable waste only as control. The results showed that the composition of vegetable waste + orange peel produced an eco-enzyme solution with the highest nitrogen content, amylase enzyme activity, and acidic pH. The color of eco-enzymes varied from light to dark brown. Meanwhile, the aroma of eco-enzymes has produced the smell of acid, which indicates that the fermentation process is taking place correctly.

IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS HASIL FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

East Kalimantan, especially the cities of Tana Paser, is one of the producers of dragon fruit, especially red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The amount of consumer interest in red dragon fruit results in a large amount of dragon fruit peel waste that is not utilized. Several studies have shown that red dragon fruit skin extract has toxic properties that can be applied to cancer cells. So in this study, the extraction and fractionation process was carried out which was then continued with phytochemical tests and BSLT tests with the aim of knowing secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract fraction, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction with phytochemical test methods and to determine the toxicity of the fraction. aqueous extract, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction were carried out using the BSLT test method. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the aqueous fraction extract of dragon fruit peel contained alkaloids, phenolics and saponins. The extract of the ethyl acetate fraction of dragon fruit peel contains phenolics and flavonoids. Fralsi n-hexane dragon fruit peel \contains triterpenoids. The results of the BSLT test showed that the LC50 value of the aqueous fraction extract was 451.855 ppm, the ethyl acetate fraction extract was 374.024 ppm, and the n-hexane fraction extract was 312.176 ppm which overall was classified as moderately toxic. The highest toxicity effectiveness was shown in the n-hexane fraction extract with triterpenoid secondary metabolite compounds.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizuz) DALAM MENGHAMBAT DEGRANULASI SEL MAST DAN MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN YANG TERSENSITISASI AKTIF

Type I hypersensitivity reactions, also known as allergic reactions or anaphylactic reactions. The mechanism of anaphylaxis involves the release of mediators from mediator cells. The degranulation of mast cells and basophils causes an exaggerated immune response and causes the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Red dragon fruit peel contains secondary metabolites such as triterpenoid flavonoids and steroids. This study was an in vitro study of the ethanol extract of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizuz) on the mast cells of male white mice induced by antigen. Five variations of the concentration used are 25; 50; 100; 200; 400 µg/mL. The percentage of mast cell degranulation by red dragon fruit peel extract at concentrations of 25; 50; 100; 200 dan 400 µg/mL is 75.27; 69.05; 64.04, 56.61; 45.17; dan 27.88%. There Red dragon fruit peel extract had a significant effect in inhibiting mast cell degranulation (p&lt;0.05).

Feasibility of Traditional Red Dragon Fruit Skin Mask (Hylocereus polyrhizus) for Dry Facial Skin Care

Dry skin is one of the problematic skins that causes a lack of self-confidence, dry skin is caused by exposure to direct sunlight and low water content in the skin. Dry skin can be prevented with care from the outside and from the inside. Traditional masks are cosmetics that function to increase blood circulation to the skin and provide moisture to the skin. Red dragon fruit peel has benefits in providing moisture and contains antioxidants that are good for the skin and are not widely known to the public. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of traditional red dragon fruit peel masks for dry facial skin care in terms of chemical content, texture, aroma, adhesion, and panellist preferences. This research is experimental research with a quantitative description design. The research instruments are laboratory tests, organoleptic tests, and hedonic tests. Collecting data using the method of documentation and questionnaires compiled with a Likert scale. Descriptive data analysis percentage to determine the feasibility of traditional red dragon fruit peel masks seen from the texture, aroma, stickiness, and preference of the panellists. The results of the laboratory test showed that the content of vitamin A was 1.95 gr/100 gr and Vitamin C was 0.66 gr/100 gr. The results of the organoleptic test were 71,42% fine textured, 42.85% had a very distinctive aroma of red dragon fruit peel, 42.85% was sticky, and 57.14% was favoured by the panellists.

In vitro and In vivo Study of the Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Methanolic Extract Gel Effect on Acne

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of Anti-Acne from the methanol extract of dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) by In vitro and In vivo assay.&#x0D; Methods: This study was an experimental study using disc diffusion and microdilution methods as in vitro methods. Meanwhile, the topical application of dragon fruit peel extracts to P. acne-injected rats by In vivo method.&#x0D; Results: Dragon fruit peels methanolic extract had MIC and MKC values ​​of 50 mg/ml by In vitro assay. In addition, the dragon fruit peels methanolic extract as a gel showed significant improvement in acne vulgaris lesions after 7-14 days of extract administration (p-value &lt; 0.05). The lesion improvement was demonstrated by decreasing the size of the lesion. It was supported by the regeneration of the epidermal structure of all groups that received dragon fruit peels extract gel compared to the control group that only received gel base.&#x0D; Conclusion: Dragon fruit peels methanol extract has an antiacne effect in a physically stable gel form.

The Fortification with Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizuz) Peel Extract Evaporated with Mae Method Towards the Physic-Chemistry Quality of Symbiotic Yoghurt

This study aims at determining the optimum fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract evaporated with MAE method towards the physicchemistry characteristics of symbiotic yogurt. The research object is symbiotic yogurt made of pasteurized fresh milk, red dragon fruit peel extract evaporated with Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method and evaporated with rotary vacuum evaporator, and yoghurt starter containing lactic acid bacteria: Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (1:1). The study employs an experiment with Complete Random Design in four treatments including without fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract (P0) and with fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract at 10% (P1), 20% (P2), and 30% (P3) (v/v) with three replications. The variables to be analyzed include physical quality (pH, viscosity, syneresis), color (L*, a*, b*) and chemical quality (acid total, lipid and protein level). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If there was a difference, the analysis would be continued using Duncan multiple Range Test. The result indicates that the fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract shows significant differences on the pH level (P&lt;0,05), viscosity (P&lt;0,01), syneresis, color (L*, a*, b*) and chemical quality of symbiotic yoghurt. Fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract reduces the pH level and syneresis while it increases viscosity, total acid and protein level because of the fiber content i. e. pectin which functions as a stabilizer. Moreover, it also decreases the lipid profile and increases the turbidity (L*, b* and a*) values. It is concluded that the optimum fortification of 20% with red dragon fruit peel extract evaporated using MAE method results in symbiotic yoghurt observed from its physic-chemistry quality.

Impact of maltodextrin and temperature on spray dried mixed flesh-peel matrix of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) powder

Red flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has been considered as rich source of essential nutrients for health. The objective of this research was to investigate the ability of producing fruit powder from the pulp underwith the utilization of the peel of red flesh dragon fruit by spray drying technique. Maltodextrin concentration and inlet air temperature were the experimental factors investigated the effects on the physicochemical properties of the powder. Results showed that the concentration of maltodextrin (10 - 20%) and the inlet spray drying temperature (140 - 160°C) affected on the retention of betacyanin, morphology and other properties of the fruit powder. The maltodextrin concentration of 15% and the inlet temperature of 150°C revealed high retention (98.75%) of betacyanin. There were analytical methods including SEM, FTIR and DSC explored also to confirm the changes of the mixed flesh-peel matrix from red dragon fruit through the processing.

Pengaruh Variasi Gliseril Monostearat pada Krim Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah Super (Hylocereus costaricensis) dan Uji Antioksidannya

A Glyceryl monostearate can be used as an emulsifier because it can affect the increase in antioxidant activity. The study aims to determine the effect of fluctuations in the concentration of glyceryl monostearate (GMS) on the physical properties of cream preparations containing 70% ethanol extract from the skin of super red dragon fruit and their antioxidant activity. The research methods carried out experimentally include the manufacture of extracts from super red dragon fruit peel, phytochemical screening using thin layer chromatography, formulations using various concentrations of glyceryl monostearate 8%, 10%, 12% then the physical quality of the cream and antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method. The results of one-way ANOVA for pH, dispersion, adhesion, and viscosity tests showed a p-value of&gt; 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference. The IC50 results obtained with equations 1, 2, and 3 are 3.69 mg/L, respectively. 3.98mg/L; and 4.78mg/L. Formula 3 is the best formula and estimates the antioxidant activity of Vitamin C, which is a positive control, at a value of 5.83 mg/L. The results of the irritation test showed that none of the formulations caused irritation. The preference test results showed that the respondents liked all the formulas. The conclusion of this study is that increased fluctuations in the concentration of glyceryl monostearate did not affect the physical properties of super red dragon fruit skin extract cream, but did affect its antioxidant activity.

Perbandingan Daya Lekat Pewarna Ekstrak Daging Buah Naga Merah dan Kulit Manggis dengan Disclosing Solution

Dental plaque is a bacterial biofilm structure, neatly organized and attached to the tooth surface, which contains inorganic components such as calcium and phosphorus derived from saliva. Bacteria in plaque that stick to the surface of the teeth will provide a place for new bacteria to grow. Disclosing solution is a plaque coloring agent that works to change the color of dental plaque to contrast with the color of the white tooth surface. Erythrosine is a red coloring agent commonly used for disclosing solutions, but erythrosine is a synthetic dye which is carcinogenic. Anthocyanins are natural dyes that have met the requirements as additional food coloring agents, which are internationally permitted as food coloring agents. This study aims to determine the adhesive power comparison of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus costaricencis) and mangosteen rind extract (Garcinia mangostana) with a disclosing solution made in manufactured. The research design was an experiment conducted at the Dwi Farma Pharmacy Laboratory in Bukittinggi. The research was conducted in November 2020. This research was conducted on 10 preparations. Analysis of the results of the study used the t test independent with a 95% confidence level and a significance level at α = 0.05. Statistical test results showed that there was a difference in the average length of adhesion between mangosteen rind extract and disclosing solution, between red dragon fruit peel extract and disclosing solution, and between mangosteen rind extract and red dragon fruit peel. A comparison of the duration of adhesion of mangosteen peel extract and red dragon fruit peel extract showed that the average duration of adhesion of mangosteen rind extract was faster than that of red dragon fruit peel extract and factory-made disclosing solution.

Synthesis of Activated Porous Carbon from Red Dragon Fruit Peel Waste for Highly Active Catalytic Reduction in Toxic Organic Dyes

In this study, an alternative precursor for production of biomass-derived activated carbon was introduced using dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) peels. Chemical activators such as FeCl3, MgCl2, ZnCl2 were used in the thermal carbonization process to convert carbon into porous carbon (PC). However, heteroatom-doped PC catalysts including N-, B-, and P-doped carbon catalysts in the field of dye removal is highly desirable. Several approaches (XRD, FE-SEM/TEM, XPS, FT-IR, EDS, and elemental mapping) were employed to examine the surface morphology, surface properties, and elemental composition of the PC catalyst. The catalytic activity of metal-free PC catalyst was demonstrated for methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and Nile blue (NB) in a mild environment The corresponding rate constant (kapp) values were estimated as 0.2473, 0.3248, and 0.3056 min−1, respectively, for MB, CV, and NB, which were significantly greater than those of numerous reports. It exhibited the best catalytic activity and recyclability. Moreover, the approach proposed here could create new opportunities for the remediation of organic dyes in lakes and industrial wastewater.