Dragon Fruit Peel Research Articles

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Hylocereus undatus peel waste: exploring EGFR inhibition for targeted therapy of cervical and breast carcinomas

Abstract Background Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with breast and cervical cancers being the most common among women. Over 100,000 new cases of breast cancer and 510,000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed annually. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an eco-friendly, low-cost method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) peel extract for their anticancer activity. Results Silver nanoparticles loaded with Hylocereus undatus fruit peel extract were successfully developed by a green synthesis technique and were optimized by UV–vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles had an average size of 71.66 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.3754, and a zeta potential of − 38.52, with a spherical shape and 79.5% silver content. Their maximum absorbance was at 448 nm. Further, in vitro anticancer activity via MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was evaluated and the synthesized nanoparticles displayed IC50 values at 23.51 µg/ml and 23.66 µg/ml against Hela and MDA MB 231 cell lines, respectively. Cytocompatibility studies showed high cell viability (≥ 95%) in L929 mouse fibroblast cells, indicating low toxicity. In silico analyses, including network pharmacology and molecular docking, identified kaempferol and quercetin as key anticancer compounds, with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (PDB ID: IM17) being the most significant protein target. Docking studies performed by using the Glide module of Schrodinger’s software displayed that kaempferol and quercetin had higher binding affinities for EGFR as compared to the standard drug erlotinib, with MET 769 being a crucial binding site. Conclusion Thus, the outcomes suggest that synthesized silver nanoparticles loaded with Hylocereus undatus fruit peel extract could be a potential and promising drug carrier aiding in cancer treatment.

Antidiabetic Potential of Hylocereus Polyrhizus and Hylocereus Megalanthus Fruit Peel: An In vitro Study

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition affecting mainly carbohydrate metabolism. Dragon fruit is a commonly consumed fruit in Asia-pacific countries, with reported anti-diabetic potential. Objectives: The presents study explores the use of dragon fruit peel as an anti-diabetic supplement. Materials And Method: Fruit peels from two varieties (Red and Yellow) were evaluated for their ability to absorb glucose, inhibit glucose diffusion, and inhibit starch digestion using in vitro models. Result: Both red and yellow dragon fruit peel powder samples decreased starch digestion significantly compared to wheat bran and inhibited glucose diffusion, as indicated by the glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI) values. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that both red and yellow dragon fruit peel possesses significant antidiabetic potential.

Thermomechanical properties of bio-nanocomposite film based on sugar palm starch/chitosan nanoparticles matrices loaded with N-CQD from dragon fruit peel extract

Thermomechanical properties of bio-nanocomposite film based on sugar palm starch/chitosan nanoparticles matrices loaded with N-CQD from dragon fruit peel extract

Preparation of Ni/Bentonite Acid-Activated using Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) As a Reductor for One Pot Synthesis of Menthol

Ni/Bentonite is acid-activated has been synthesized using dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as a reductor through an impregnation method. This research aims to characterize Ni/Bentonite acid-activated using dragon fruit peel extract as a reductor based on FTIR and XRD instruments and to analyze the product obtained in one pot synthesis of menthol from citronellal using Ni/Bentonite acid-activated catalyst. Preparation of Ni/Bentonite acid-activated catalyst was carried out using a wet impregnation method with dragon fruit peel extract as a natural reductor. The successful synthesis of Ni/Bentonite acid-activated was confirmed by FTIR spectrum identification, showing absorptions at wavelengths of 1049.28 cm?¹ and 694.37 cm?¹, indicating Si-O groups in the bentonite, and XRD diffractogram indicating the presence of Ni at diffraction peaks of 2? = 40.5° and 2? = 47.74°. The catalyst was able to convert menthol by 0.77% through one pot synthesis without using H? sources such as potassium formate.

Samosa Kulit Buah Naga dan Saus Buah Naga Pada Perusahaan Kebun Naga Poernama Garut

This research is motivated by the lack of creativity in samosa processing, the author uses dragon fruit peel filling with the aim of utilizing commonly wasted materials, and introducing to the public that dragon fruit peel can also be processed not only the meat that can be eaten, which of course is no less high nutrition with dragon fruit meat. The method used in this research is research and development, by conducting a series of experiments and development using a secoring scale hedonic test involving 25 panelists. The results of the study determine the standard recipe, namely dragon fruit skin 200 g, chicken 100 g, onion 50 g, paprika 50 g, salt 3 g, flavoring 2 g, curry powder 5 g. The results of the main test calculation of the organoleptic test of Samosa filled with dragon fruit skin and dragon fruit sauce have an average value of 88.8%. . The results of the calculation of business analysis of samosa filled with dragon fruit peel and dragon fruit sauce are Cost of goods per portion of Rp 9,760, Total variable cost of Rp 10,340 Selling price per portion of Rp 25,000, Fixed cost of Rp 1,625,000, BEP 111 units / month, Target Operating income of Rp 4,000,000 will be achieved if sales reach 111 servings / month or with sales of 13 servings / day. Suggestions in this study, namely, in the drying process it is recommended until the water content in the dragon fruit skin comes out a lot so that when cooking it is not watery.

Utilization of Fruit Peel Waste Left From Ceremonials Into Economical Value Products in Batuan Village, Sukawati, Gianyar, Bali

Several types of fruit that support ecotourism in the application of food waste include banana peels, apple peels, dragon fruit peels, and manga peels, which will be made into chips and tea products using good hygiene and quality standards. Innovative problem-solving and technology have emerged as promising approaches. The target partners are housewives who are members of the PKK in Batuan Village, Sukawati, from underdeveloped neighborhoods with a great desire to start their own businesses but who are not yet economically productivefrom underdeveloped neighborhoods with a great desire to start their own businesses but who are not yet economically productive. The methods that will be used are interviews, face-to-face, counseling, and direct practice. The output target to be achieved is that the training participants are independently able to make fruit skin chips and tea products from fruit skins so that they can become economically independent

Karakteristik Sensori dan Fisikokimia Kukis dari Campuran Tepung Mocaf dan Tepung Kulit Buah Naga

To support the goal of zero waste outlined in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), repurposing dragon fruit peel waste presents a promising opportunity. In Indonesia, the high demand for dragon fruit leads to the generation of considerable organic waste. This study explored the use of dragon fruit peel flour, combined with modified cassava (mocaf) flour, as a wheat flour alternative to improve the sensory and chemical properties of gluten-free cookies. The research involved preparing the flours and cookies, followed by conducting sensory, physical, and chemical analyses. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed, testing five formulations with varying ratios of mocaf flour to dragon fruit peel flour. The results indicated that 73% of panelists preferred the crispiness of cookies containing 25% dragon fruit peel flour, while 60% were satisfied with the color of cookies containing 45% dragon fruit peel flour. Physical analysis showed no significant differences in thickness or bake loss, but there were notable differences in diameter, spread ratio, and color. As the proportion of dragon fruit peel flour increased, the cookies showed significant improvements in chemical characteristics, including higher levels of moisture, ash, fat, protein, and fiber content. Additionally, the content of total phenolics and antioxidant activity increased with higher ratios of dragon fruit peel flour, reaching 1.14 mg GAE/g for total phenolics and 662.64 mg AAE/g for antioxidant activity. FTIR analysis revealed a consistent absorbance pattern across samples, with minor variations in peak intensities at specific wavenumbers. Based on the sensory, physical, and chemical evaluations, cookies containing 45% dragon fruit peel flour were recommended for production.

Skin Revitalizing Red Dragon Fruit Peel Body Scrub: The Impact of Stearic Acid Variations and Comparison with Commercial Product

The red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus lemairei (Hook.) Britton & Rose) is rich in antioxidants like vitamins C, E, and A, along with alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which protect against free radical damage. Despite its benefits, the peel is underused. This study compares the formulation and physical quality of a body scrub made from red dragon fruit peel extract to commercial products. Stearic acid was added to enhance consistency and stability, and commercial products served as benchmarks due to their compliance with physical, microbiological, and chemical standards. Formulations with stearic acid at 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3) were tested for physical quality—organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, and spreadability—over 63 days as an intermediate time points, at controlled room temperature. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 20 with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Results showed that all formulations maintained a consistent pH of 6 and homogeneity. The adhesion properties were consistent across all formulas, showing no significant difference (p = 0.815; p > 0.05). In contrast, the spreadability exhibited a statistically significant difference between formulas (p = 0.001; p < 0.05). Stability tests revealed no significant differences in physical quality over time, indicating that the formulations remained stable. The body scrub formulated with red dragon fruit peel extract demonstrated stability and quality comparable to commercially available product. This ensures that the active ingredients in the body scrub remain potent, enabling them to effectively deliver their antioxidant properties to the skin.

THE EFFECT OF RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS) ON COLLAGEN DEPOSITION IN THE KIDNEYS OF MENOPAUSAL MODEL RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)

Background: The estrogen hormone possesses nephroprotective properties during menopause that can influence kidney function. This increases collagen deposition in the kidneys. Estrogen deficiency during menopause can be replaced by phytoestrogens. The skin of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains numerous anthocyanin contents, which have been proven to exhibit activities as phytoestrogens. Objective: To determine whether there are changes in collagen deposition in the kidneys of menopausal rat models with the administration of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel extract. Methods: This research utilized a randomized post-test control group design with three sample groups that had undergone ovariectomy. The three groups consist a control group without intervention (P0), an intervention group with red dragon fruit peel extract at a dose of 60mg/200gBW (P1), and an intervention group with red dragon fruit peel extract at a dose of 90mg/200gBW (P2). Results: The mean percentage of collagen expression in menopausal rat kidneys in groups P0, P1, and P2 were 0.876 ± 0.433, 0.189 ± 0.102, and 0.162 ± 0.108, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference with a p-value of 0.000. Post-Hoc Mann-Whitney U test found a significant difference between groups P0 and P1 (p = 0.000), as well as groups P0 and P2 (p = 0.000). However, there was no significant difference between P1 and P2 (p = 0.436). Conclusion: The extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel has an effect on the collagen deposition in the kidneys of menopausal rat models. The lowest level of collagen deposition in the kidneys was observed in the intervention group with a dose of 90mg/200gBW. Keywords : Hylocereus polyrhizus, collagen, kidney, menopause

Characteristics of Ice Cream Innovation Based On Soy Whey and Dragon Fruit Peel Puree and Its Potential as a Functional Food

Characteristics of Ice Cream Innovation Based On Soy Whey and Dragon Fruit Peel Puree and Its Potential as a Functional Food

Formulation of Natural Food Coloring Granules from Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and Effectiveness Test in Reducing Blood Glucose Levels

Anthocyanin is one of the many compounds in dragon fruit skin that can be used as an antioxidant. Dragon fruit skin can also lower blood glucose levels. The fact that cases of diabetes mellitus are increasing every year shows that this disease needs serious treatment. This study aims to make dragon fruit skin extract formulated in the form of granules and make dragon fruit skin extract granules that meet the requirements as natural food coloring and to determine the content and effectiveness of dragon fruit skin extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) which can lower blood glucose levels. This research method is experimental. The One Way Anova test and the Tukey HSD post-hoc test were used to analyze the data. The outcomes showed that there were 9 granule recipes that met the assessment test necessities. After being induced by 20% fructose solution, the glucose level study revealed that the treatment of dragon fruit skin extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg / kgBW was able to lower blood glucose levels in test animals. Winged serpent natural product skin concentrate can be formed as granules. Equations 2 and 3 produce the best tone. The consequences of the review reasoned that winged serpent natural product skin remove (Hylocereus polyrhizus) at dosages of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgBW was viable in decreasing blood glucose levels in guinea pigs prompted by 20% fructose arrangement and a portion of 200 mg/kgBW gave an impact of lessening blood glucose levels that was practically equivalent to the positive control.

Use of Fruit Waste as Natural Dyes in pH-Sensitive Colorimetric Sensors for Tilapia Fillets Quality Decline

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research 1. The use of dragon fruit peel, mangosteen peel and onion peel waste as natural dyes in colorimetric sensors was analyzed in this study. 2. Natural dyes are added to bioplastics with kappa carrageenan polymer, a mixture of corn starch and kappa carrageenan, and corn starch to determine the characteristics of the best bioplastic to be used as a colorimetry sensor. 3. The quality of the fish fillet compared to the color changes in colorimetry sensor was analysed in this study. 4. Mixture of kappa carrageenan and corn starch as bioplastic with casting method was analyzed in this study. Abstract Tilapia fillet aimed to prolonging shelf life, may still experience quality deterioration posing food safety risks. Colorimetric pH indicators offer a simple and affordable solution to the food industry to evaluating fish spoilage. Natural dyes reduce potential health risks associated with synthetic dyes. Anthocyanin sources haven’t been explored like dragon fruit rind, mangosteen rind, and red onion skin serve as real time quality and safety assessment tools for consumers. This study explores the potential of anthocyanin extracted from dragon fruit rind, mangosteen rind, and red onion skin as colorimetric sensors for evaluating the quality and safety of tilapia fillets. The anthocyanin-based sensors developed using kappa carrageenan and corn starch polymers to achieve sustainability fisheries program and were characterized according to the Japanese Industrial Standard for bioplastics. The results show that anthocyanin from dragon fruit skin exhibited the best color change in response to pH changes in the tilapia fillet, indicating its potential as a reliable indicator of spoilage. This research highlights the feasibility of using natural dyes as colorimetric sensors, reducing the risk of health hazards associated with synthetic dyes. This study also shows that different polymers give different characteristic of bioplastic. Carrageenan bioplastic shows best thickness values of 0,118 mm; Carrageenan and corn starch bioplastics shows best tensile strength values of 20,62 MPa; Carrageenan bioplastic shows best elongation values of 254%; and All polymers shows the same biodegradation rate values of 14,29%. Further studies are needed to explore other natural dyes and optimize the polymers for optimal bioplastic characteristics.

Extraction of Anthocyanin Pigments from the Peel of Dragon Fruit for Food Coloring

Extraction of Anthocyanin Pigments from the Peel of Dragon Fruit for Food Coloring

KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN SENSORI PERMEN JELLY KULIT BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus polyrhizus) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SARI BUAH BELIMBING WULUH (Avverhoa bilimbi L.)

ABSTRACT Jelly candy is candy made from filtered fruit juice with gelling additions, has a clear color and soft texture with a certain level of chewiness. Dragon fruit skin contains anthocyanins and is a source of natural antioxidants and contains pectin. Belimbing wuluh contains oxalic acid and citric acid, so it can replace the use of citric acid in making jelly cady. The purpose of this study is the utilization of red dragon fruit peel as pectin and natural coroling in teh manufacture of jelly. This study used a one factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely the concentration ratio of dragon fruit peel extract with star fruit (70:40), (80:30), and (90:20). Product analysis includes sensory test and water content test as a determinant of the selected product. Data analysis used was ANOVA with Duncan’s further test. The selected jelly candy was obtained in the treatment (90:20). The results of the sensory test on jelly candy are bright red to intense red, slightly scented with dragon fruit peel, sweet and slightly sour taste, soft and sticky texture and overall favored by panelists. The selected jelly candy has a moisture content of 34.79%, reducing sugar content of 25.75% and saccharose content of 83.20%. In addition, the selected jelly candy has a high vitamin C content of 1027.14 mg/100g.

Evaluation of the Moisturizing Efficacy and Stability of an Essence Sheet Mask Formulated with Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract

Evaluation of the Moisturizing Efficacy and Stability of an Essence Sheet Mask Formulated with Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract

Daya Terima dan Kandungan Serat, Protein, Daya Antioksidan Keciput Kulit Buah Naga Merah dengan Penambahan Tepung Beras Merah Sebagai Jajanan Sehat

Red dragon fruit peel has high antioxidant content and abundant availability in Indonesia but is still rarely utilized. Brown rice has a higher fiber content than white rice. Brown rice and dragon fruit skin can be processed into keciput snacks. Keciput is a snack made from glutinous rice flour wrapped in sesame seeds that can be varied in shape, color and taste. The aim is to determine the effect of the acceptability of red dragon fruit peel keciput with the addition of brown rice flour as a healthy snack. Completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with 3 treatments on red dragon fruit peel and brown rice F1 (50%:50%), F2 (60%:40%) and F3 (70%:30%). Acceptability test on 30 untrained panelists and analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests with a significance of p<0.05. Analysis of fiber content, protein, and antioxidant power was done twice on the selected formulations. There was an effect on the acceptability of red dragon fruit skin snails and brown rice flour (p<0.001). There was no effect of acceptability in the comparison of F2 and F3 on color, aroma, and taste (p=0.252; p=8.24; p=0.247). The highest mean value of acceptability was in F2 (selected). F2 contained 27.653% fiber, 17.346% protein, and 107.268 ppm antioxidant power.

Karakteristik warna crayon dari pemanfaatan ekstraksi limbah kulit buah naga (hylocereus polyrhizus)

Background: Crayons are drawing equipment made from colored wax, charcoal, chalk, or other materials used for writing and coloring. Crayons are used in schools throughout the world because crayons are easy to use, do not make dirty, blunt, non-toxic, and have many colors. Findings: Crayons can be used from children to adults. Wax crayons are usually used by children to draw and color. One popular crayon brand is Crayola. Dragon Fruit Skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains anthocyanin which can be used as a natural coloring agent for decorative preparations and also has antioxidant activity. Methods: Dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extraction has been carried out by means of dragon fruit peel extracted using the wet maceration method with 70% ethanol. The extract was then made into 2 crayon formulations with concentrations of 25% and 20%, respectively. The crayon formulation consists of paraffin wax and dragon fruit peel extract. The resulting crayons have a brownish color, and aromatic odor typical of dragon fruit peel extract. Conclusion: The results of the topical test obtained the best formula on the formula with the composition of the dragon fruit peel extract 25% and 75% paraffin wax. Based on the results of the topical test, this crayon can be used. It's just that the color and texture of crayons that are easily brittle and oily make the results of this research experiment not as expected.

Microencapsulation of betacyanins accumulated calli, short-term cold storage, and retrieval of callus in Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt

The red color of dragon fruit pulp and peel is due to the accumulation of betacyanins. In the present study, callus cultures were established using in vitro germinated seedlings of the white dragon fruit plant (Selenicereus undatus). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 2.0 mg/L was used to induce red-colored friable callus (92.0 % response). The betacyanin accumulated calli were harvested and encapsulated using sodium alginate (NaC6H7O6) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). These synseeds were cold stored for 6 months at 4.0 °C temperature. The stored synseeds were germinated on 2.0 mg/L BAP in the medium. The highest germination rate (88 %) of synseeds was achieved with 3 % sodium alginate polymerized with 75 mM calcium chloride, resulting in firm, uniform, and round synseeds. The betacyanin-loaded synseeds could be stored, transported, and directly used as inoculums for the extensive proliferation of calli and cell cultures for the commercial production of betacyanin.

The potential of soybean curd residue and water fraction of dragon fruit peel in wet noodles formulation

The potential of agro-industrial by-products in food products development have been reported for their nutritional composition. Soybean curd residue (okara flour - OF) and dragon fruit peels (DFP) have been known as a source of protein, fiber, and antioxidant compounds. Their potential in wet noodle formulation has never been investigated. The study aimed to investigate the potential of soybean curd residue, OF, and water fraction of DFP in wet noodles formulation. Four different levels of OF (0, 10, 20, and 30 %) and four different levels of DFP (0, 7, 9, and 11 %) was incorporated in wheat-based wet noodles. Physicochemical properties, sensory acceptability and antioxidant properties were investigated. The study showed that most impact was given by different levels of OF. The higher level of OF declined the moisture content and protein content significantly (p < 0.05) from a range of 45–48 % to the lowest level at 31 % and from 6.7–8 % to 5 %, respectively. The ash content increased as the level of OF was higher from 0.27 % to the highest level at 0.63 %. All the formulated noodles had a desirable value of cooking loss (<10 %) although it increased from 6 % in control to 9 % in 30 % OF addition. Hedonic sensory acceptability revealed that up to 20 % OF addition generated the same level of acceptability as it was in control showing and the incorporation of 9 % DFP to the 20 % of OF addition had the highest score of sensory acceptability. Antioxidant activity revealed that the selected formula (20 % OF and 9 % DFP) had higher antioxidant capability against DPPH shown by the lower level of IC50. In conclusion, combination of OF and DFP can be expected as sustainable food ingredients in wet noodles formulation.

Curbing Key Digestive Enzymes by Three Plant Extracts for Sustainable Management of Postprandial Hyperglycemia

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition marked by persistently elevated blood sugar levels. Key digestive enzymes viz. α-amylase and α-glucosidase, hydrolyze consumed carbohydrates into glucose which raises the postprandial blood glucose level in a diabetic patient. So, the development of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors procured from medicinal plants to retard starch digestion is an alternative approach for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potentials of the key digestive enzymes viz. α-amylase and α-glucosidase by the extracts of three medicinal plants; red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) pulp and peel, bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) shoot, turnip (Brassica rapa L.) shoot and leaf by performing α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays in vitro. Methods: Inhibition of α-amylase activity was conducted using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method, and 4- Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside was used as a substrate to perform α-glucosidase inhibition assay in vitro. Results: Among all the selected sample extracts, red dragon fruit pulp expressed the highest percentage of α-amylase inhibition (59.73 ± 4.33%) at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL which is comparable to standard antidiabetic drug Acarbose (70.59 ± 2.64%), whereas the lowest inhibition was observed in turnip shoot extract (42.48 ± 2.10%) at the same concentration. In terms of α-glucosidase inhibition activity, again, red dragon fruit pulp extract demonstrated the maximum inhibition rate (56.42 ± 2.38%) at 1000 μg/mL concentration. This is respectable in comparison to the reference Acarbose (66.45 ± 1.78%). In contrast, turnip shoot extracts displayed the lowest α-glucosidase inhibition activity (38.27 ± 2.21%) at the same concentration. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that the red dragon fruit pulp extract possesses substantial antihyperglycemic activity (α-amylase inhibition: 59.73 ± 4.33%, α-glucosidase inhibition: 56.42 ± 2.38%) in vitro, which could be a putative nutraceutical to manage postprandial hyperglycemia.