Dragon Fruit Peel Research Articles

Development of Wound Gauze from Hylocereus undatus Dragon Fruit (Pigment) Peel Extract

The dragon fruit peels (Hylocereus undatus) are typically thrown away as agricultural waste. The disposal of bio-wastes, like peels from dragon fruit and microbiological contamination during their mass breakdown, all contribute to environmental degradation. Peel can be used to extract naturally occurring colour for pigments. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using the peel of Hylocereus undatus as a coating material for wound healing. The extraction method and potential uses of the pigments derived from the peel will be explored. The study aimed to determine the phytochemical components of Hylocereus undatus (peel) extract and the peel can be utilized as a raw material for pigment extraction due to the betalain content. With the use of a magnetic stirrer extraction, the peel of Hylocereus undatus was extracted with aqueous extraction. Thin layer chromatographic techniques are used to identify the pigment components. In the present study, we recorded both UV-VIS and FT-IR profile of peel extract to known the various phytoconstituents and determine the functional group present in Hylocereus undatus (white dragon fruit). The pigment needs to be applied to the wound gauze, and the stain resistance should be evaluated by determining how well the wound gauze can withstand contamination from the outside coating. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors are interested in Hylocereus undatus peel due to its components, which may have potential health applications such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer characteristics

In vitro fermentation end-products and rumen microbiome as influenced by microencapsulated phytonutrient pellets (LEDRAGON) supplementation

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microencapsulated bioactive compounds from lemongrass mixed dragon fruit peel pellet (MiEn-LEDRAGON) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradability, methane production, and the microbial diversity using in vitro gas production technique. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five levels of MiEn-LEDRAGON supplementation at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of the total dry matter (DM) substrate. Supplementation of MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet at levels of 3 or 4% DM resulted in increased (p < 0.05) cumulative gas production at 96 hours (h) of incubation time, reaching up to 84.842 ml/ 0.5 g DM. Furthermore, supplementation with 3% MiEn-LEDRAGON resulted in higher in vitro nutrient degradability and ammonia–nitrogen concentration at 24 h of the incubation time when compared to the control group (without supplementation) by 5.401% and 11.268%, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, supplementation with MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet led to an increase in the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes at 24 h and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens at 12 h, while decreasing the population of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Methanobacteriales (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation of MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet at levels of 2 to 4% DM resulted in a higher total volatile fatty acids (VFA) at 24 h, reaching up to 73.021 mmol/L (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an increased proportion of propionic acid (C3) and butyric acid (C4) at 12 h (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, there was a decrease in the proportion of acetic acid (C2) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (C2:C3), along with a reduction of methane (CH4) production by 11.694% when comparing to the 0% and 3% MiEn-LEDRAGON supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that supplementing MiEn-LEDRAGON at 3% of total DM substrate could be used as a feed additive rich in phytonutrients for ruminants.

Influence of Silanized Pectin Derived from Dragon Fruit Peel and its Toughening Effect on Pineapple Fibre-Vinyl Ester Composite Subjected to Accelerated Aging

Influence of Silanized Pectin Derived from Dragon Fruit Peel and its Toughening Effect on Pineapple Fibre-Vinyl Ester Composite Subjected to Accelerated Aging

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Evaluasi Sensori Kukis Tersubstitusi Tepung Kacang Hijau dan Tepung Kulit Buah Naga Merah

Bad eating habits with high fat content but low fiber have been linked to the rise of degenerative diseases, and this is a main driven factor of developing high fiber and antioxidant foods. Green bean flour contains high protein and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids while red dragon fruit peel flour contains high antioxidants and fiber. The aim of this study was to investigate physico-chemical and sensory properties of cookies substituted with green bean and red dragon fruit peel flour. The flour formulations consisted of wheat flour (TT), red dragon fruit peel flour (TN), and green bean flour (TK) as follows: K1 (37.5% TT:62.5% TN), K2­ (37.5% TT:62.5% TK), F1 (38% TT:47% TN:15% TK), F2­ (38% TT:31% TN:31% TK), and F3­ (38% TT:15% TN:47% TK) as well as control K0 (100% TT). Cookies quality was observed, including physical properties, chemical properties, and sensory properties. The results of this study showed that substitution of green bean and red dragon fruit peel flour in the cookies had significant effects on physico-chemical properties and sensory tests. Treatment F3 was the best formulation based on physical, chemical, and sensory properties with hardness (8.75 N), L* (42.28), a* (17.31), b* (22.05), volume development (29.41%), moisture content (5.68%), ash (3.56%), fat (24.47%), protein (9.47%), carbohydrate (57.38%), crude fiber (13.12%), antioxidant capacity of (49.32%), and IC50 (97.92 ppm). The results of the sensory test for F3 sample had scores for color (1.13), aroma (2.43), taste (4.27), texture (3.23), and overall liking (4.30).

Encapsulation of betacyanin extract from red dragon fruit peel with maltodextrin and inulin: Storage stability and simulated gastrointestinal digestion

Betacyanins are bioactive pigments found in red dragon fruit peels with potential health benefits, but their stability and bioaccessibility are low. This study aimed to investigate the impact of using dietary fiber inulin (IN) combined with malrodextrin (MD) as wall materials for the encapsulation of betacyanin on its physicochemical properties, storage stability, and in vitro release behavior. Different concentrations of MD and IN were tested at 30% MD + 10% IN (T1), 20% MD + 20% IN (T2), 10% MD + 30% IN (T3), and 40% MD (control). The results showed that the combination of MD and IN reduced the moisture content and water activity, increased the drying yield, and improved the hygroscopy and solubility of betacyanin extract. Furthermore, the T3 combination showed the highest encapsulation efficiency, betacyanin (BTC), phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), as well as antioxidant activity. FTIR analysis confirmed the effective encapsulation of betacyanin. The T1 combination exhibited the lowest degradation constant (k) and the longest stability of betacyanin storage half-life (t1/2 = 99 weeks). Additionally, the combination of MD and IN effectively improved the stability of betacyanins during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, improving the bioaccessibility of betacyanin with higher concentrations of IN (T3), resulting in the higher bioaccessibility of betacyanin (57.11%). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the use of a combination of MD and IN as dietary fiber wall materials can improve the stability and bioaccessibility of betacyanin extract, ultimately leading to its wider utilization and potential health benefits as functional natural food colorants.

Enhancing vinyl ester composites with biocarbon from pineapple leaf fiber and dragon fruit peel waste: a characterization study

Enhancing vinyl ester composites with biocarbon from pineapple leaf fiber and dragon fruit peel waste: a characterization study

HASIL PEMERIKSAAN TELUR SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN PEWARNA ALAMI DARI DAUN MIANA DAN KULIT BUAH NAGA

The simplest method for checking worm eggs is by a native technique using a 2% eosin reagent. Eosin itself has properties that are not easily decomposed, causing hazardous and easily flammable waste. Hence, an alternative staining method is needed, environmentally friendly, using natural materials, such as natural dye substances. This research aims to understand the depiction of results in examining Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) eggs using mint leaves and dragon fruit skin as alternative reagents. The research method involves examining feces using a direct method (wet preparation) to detect worm eggs in feces directly using a 2% Eosin solution. The comparison results between dragon fruit peel extract concentration using aquadest, tested with SPSS analysis version 20 using the Kruskal-Wallis method with a significance value of 0.09 ≥ 0.05, indicating significantly different research outcomes. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no difference in staining quality compared to the control. The conclusion drawn from this study is that there's no difference in staining worm egg suspensions using mint leaf extract. This is evident as when observing the worm egg suspension using mint leaf extract, the worm eggs were not clearer, unlike with dragon fruit skin and miana.

Removal of methylene blue (MB) from polluted water by using eco-friendly dragon fruit peels and pineapple crown leaves

Abstract Dye is a widely used product in many industries that produce coloured goods. The by-product discharge after the colouring process finishes will contribute to dye pollution in wastewater thus polluting the water bodies nearby the areas of discharge. To treat the pollution due to dye like methylene blue (MB), adsorption is the most common treatment where natural adsorbents like dragon fruit peels (DFP) and pineapple crown leaves (PCL) have the potential to do so. The physical characterization of the DFP, and PCL was then analysed by scanning electron microscope. Batch adsorption experiment was adopted where the hybrid adsorbents of DFP and PCL were recorded successfully removed 84 to 92 percent of MB at 140 minutes. The removal was determined by using two different parameters which were varied dosage and contact hour. Adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm were being used along with kinetic analysis, Pseudo-First and Pseudo Second order in this study. At the end of this study shows that natural adsorbents such as DFP and PCL can be one of the alternatives to treat water pollution due to effluents from industry in the wastewater at the treatment plan.

Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Powder on Physical, Antioxidative, and Sensory Properties of Biscuits

ABSTRACT Red dragon fruit peel powder (RDPP) consists of precious phytochemicals, which could contribute greatly to the control of chronic illnesses and are still underexploited. The impacts of RDPP on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant, and sensorial properties of biscuits were investigated. The incorporation of RDPP at the amount of 1–5% caused the increase in a* value and decreases in b* and L* values of the biscuits. Moreover, higher cutting force and lower density were observed in the RDPP-enriched biscuits. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and betacyanin contents of the biscuits ranged from 0.0035 to 0.028 mg GAE/g, from 77.44 to 218.41 mg QE/g, and from 5.31 to 8.78 mg/100 g, respectively. The incorporation of RDPP in biscuits could increase the antioxidative activities. Increased appearance and overall likeness scores were recorded in the biscuits added with RDPP up to 4%. Thus, RDPP could be utilized as a nutraceutical constituent in the production of biscuit.

Soy and Dragon Fruit Functional Drink : The Potential to Reduce Cholesterol Total Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley Rats

Hypercholesterolemia is a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by increased blood cholesterol levels. The alternative functional drinks that can reduce cholesterol levels are beverage ingredients that contain flavonoids, such as red dragon fruit and soybeans. Flavonoids can inhibit cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. Soybeans are also have a hypocholesterolemic effect because they contain isoflavones. This study aimed to determined the potential of soybean and dragon fruit peel powder on the cholesterol levels of hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley rats. This study was a true-experimental design with a pretest - posttest with control group. The samples were 27 male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 150-250 grams and aged 2 -3 months. The samples were divided into a control group and a treatment group that was given soybeans dragon fruit peel powder drink at a dose of 12.8 ml/kgBB/day for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured using the CHOD–PAP method. Data were analyzed using the One Way Anova test, Post Hoc or Man Whitney test and Paired T-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in total cholesterol levels in mice before and after the intervention (p= 0.003). Giving soybeans dragon fruit peels powder drink can significantly reduce total cholesterol levels in the treatment group (P) by 18.45% (p= 0.044).

Method for Measuring Damage to Viability and Morphology of Spermatozoa in Experimental Animals After Exposure to Cigarette Smoke

Smokers in Indonesia are ranked first in the world and the biggest cause of death. Free radicals contained in cigarette smoke cause condensation of the structure of the genetic material of sperm cells and lead to sperm cell death (apoptosis). The aim of the research was to determine the effect of cigarette exposure and its interactions on the quality of spermatozoa in experimental animals. This research is a laboratory experiment with a Completely Randomized Factorial Design. The samples in this study were 60 males of the Balb/C strain which were divided into 5 treatment groups. Each treatment group was given concentrations of red dragon fruit peel extract including 0%, vitamin C, 50 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL, and 5000 µg/mL and were exposed to cigarette smoke. Analysis of research results used the Two Way ANOVA test at a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of exposure to cigarettes and administration of red dragon fruit peel extract on the sperm quality of mice. The highest exposure to cigarette smoke was given to red dragon fruit peel extract in terms of viability of 89% and morphology of 93.33%. Administration of red dragon fruit peel extract reduced the effect of exposure to cigarette smoke on the viability and morphology of mice.

Microwave assisted green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using dragon fruit peel extract for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue

Microwave assisted green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using dragon fruit peel extract for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue

Effectiveness Analysis of Antidiabetic Property from Dragon Fruit Peel Methanol Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes is a health burden in various countries, one of these countries, is also Indonesia. Dragon fruit peel is an alternative diabetes therapy that has been widely studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate an antidiabetic effect of dragon fruit peel methanol extract on alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. This experimental study used twenty-five male Wistar rats induced by alloxan injection. After 48 hours, all rats were grouped into five different groups, including control (0.5% SCMC), standard (Metformin), Dragon Fruit Peel Methanol Extract-1 (500 mg/kg BW), 2 (750 mg/kg BW), and 3 (1,000 mg/kg BW). These treatments were given for two weeks. After that, all rats were dissected to obtain the pancreas. The results showed that dragon fruit peel methanol extract significantly decreased blood glucose levels after the 7th and 14th days (P value &lt;0.05). In addition, pancreatic histology showed a decrease in the extract dose followed by a smaller size of the pancreatic Langerhans islet. The lowest dose of the extract showed a similar size of pancreatic Langerhans islet to the control group with an atrophic pancreatic Langerhans islet. Therefore, it can be concluded that dragon fruit peel extract can significantly decrease blood glucose levels and improve the structure of pancreatic Langerhans islet at higher doses.

UTILIZATION RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS) ETHANOL EXTRACT IN ORAL THIN FILM STRIP AS A MOUTH FRESHENER

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate an oral thin film strip (OTFS) contained the red dragon fruit peel (RDFP) ethanol extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and evaluate the characteristic, stability and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methods: The film was made using the solvent casting method by adding a variety of concentration ethanol extract of red dragon fruit peel (5%, 10%, and 15%). The films were evaluated in organoleptic test, weight, thickness, pH, disintegration time, folding endurance, stability test and antibacterial activity. Results: The results showed that the film provided a distinctive color, aroma, and taste of the extract. The result of film evaluation had weight between 0.07-0.21 g, thickness between 0.10-0.20 mm, pH between 5.70-5.99, disintegration time between 34.99-49.13 s, and folding endurance between 321.00-812.83 times. The films were stable for 2 mo at a variety storage temperature (4±2 ℃, 28±2 ℃, and 40±2 ℃). The films showed antibacterial activity for 5%, 10% and 15% with the diameter of inhibition 8.5 mm, 10.8 mm, and 12.9 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of RDFP can be utilized as a mouth freshener film that is stable for 2 mo and has antibacterial activity against S. mutans.

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN SERUM WAJAH EKSTRAK ETANOL KOMBINASI DARI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantiifolia) DAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Background: The skin of the key orange (Citrus aurantiifolia) contains kuersetin, miristin, routinely, tangerine, naringin and hesperine, while the skin of the red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains betaalanin, anthocyanin, vitamin a, vitamin a, vitamin e, turnioid, flavonoid, tiamin, niacin, piridoine, kobalamin, carotene, and fitoalbumin. The research was intended to formulate it in a availability of facial serum and then evaluate its quality formula for a better facial serum from 16-4954-1998. Methods : This method of research is experimental in the laboratory by making 4 formulas consisting of F1 as serum bases, F2 ratio EKJN and EKBNM (1:1), F3 ratio EKJN and EKBNM (1:2) ,F4 ratio EKJN and EKBNM (2:1).Results : The results of all the formulas for existing existing face-serum EKJN ethanol and EKBNM viscers show a clear, clear, yellowish color, a gel-based, characteristic and homogenous odor. pH and viscosity scores on each condensed formula. No irritation test on the formula showed irritation to the skin.Conclusion : Based on this, it can be concluded that the combined ethanol extract of lime peel extract and red dragon fruit peel extract can be formulated into a facial serum cosmetic preparation and meets the quality requirements according to SNI.

KOH-Activated Dragon Fruit Peels for Cd2+ Ions Adsorption from Water

This study investigates the potential of KOH-activated dragon fruit peels as an adsorbent for the removal of Cd2+ ions from solution. The adsorption performance of the activated dragon fruit peels was evaluated through batch adsorption experiments, where various parameters including adsorbent dosage, initial Cd2+ concentration, contact time, and solution pH were examined. The optimum condition for the adsorption process was pH 5, stirring time 120 min, adsorbent dosage of 20 mg (in 25 mL solution). The findings highlight the potential of utilizing agricultural waste materials, such as dragon fruit peel, as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from water sources, contributing to environmental remediation efforts.

The use of alternative coloring variations to mitotic observations of shallots using the squash method

Practicum cannot be carried out due to limited facilities and infrastructure such as dyes for observation of mitotic cell chromosomes in onions. Alternative dyes that can be obtained from nature can be explored. The purpose of this study was to obtain preparation of the mitotic division process in various onion root cells using alternative dyes using dyes from dragon fruit peel and turi flower. In obtaining the right preparation using the squash method. Data were obtained using observation sheets that observed each variation of the material. The instrument used in this study is a valid observation sheet. The results showed that the coloring of the preparation using dragon fruit skin and turi flowers was successful and clear coloring results were obtained. Coloring in practicum activities using turi flowers is better than dragon fruit coloring. Natural dyes from dragon fruit peel and turi flower can be used as alternative dyes in the squash method to observe onion root mitosis, replacing synthetic dyes.

Sweet Cookies with Partial Replacement of Wheat Flour with Pitahaya Peel Powder (Hylocereus undatus)

Fruit peels currently generate great interest in the food industry due to their wide variety of biologically active nutritional properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the partial replacement of wheat flour with dragon-fruit peel powder in the preparation of sweet cookies. A Completely Random Design was used, three treatments were formulated with pitahaya peel powderat 10, 20 and 30% plus a control treatment. Bromatological and microbiological properties, colorimetry, texture profile and sensory analysis were evaluated (70 untrained judges). In the results obtained, with the exception of the b* coordinate and the texture parameters (cohesiveness, adhesiveness, gumminess, elasticity, chewiness), the other variables did present statistical significance at 0.05%, obtaining protein values of 5.86. -9.08%; humidity 4.86 -6.48%; pH 6.17 -6.80; Luminosity L* 32.01 -73.29; coordinate a* 2.14 -26.34; hardness 51.95 N -206.11 N. The sensory profile attributes presented p&lt;0.05%. It was determined that all sweet cookie formulations met the bromatological and microbiological requirements established in the NTE INEN 2085:2005 standard. By using10% pitahaya peel powder in the formulation of sweet cookies, the parameters of hardness and sensory acceptability improved considerably.

Increasing the content of fiber and minerals in gnocchi with added dragon fruit peels as sub stitution of ingredient for improvement of food product quality and human health

Gnocchi is a type of homemade pasta made from potatoes, flour and eggs. Improving food product quality in terms of nutrition in gnocchi products it is possible now also use food waste. In addition to improvement of food product quality and human health, the addition of dragon fruit peel, which is considered as waste, can provide reasonable solutions or ideas about recycling of food waste. In this study, the produced food product was gnocchi with addition of by-product — dragon fruit peel, which was tested for fiber content and content of the following minerals: iron, potassium, calcium. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically by the SPSS program to determine the effect of variation using the T-test. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the content of dietary fiber of dragon fruit peel in the sample of gnocchi denoted as F3 featured the highest water-soluble dietary fiber content with a score of 1.33%, water insoluble dietary fiber content with a score of 1.86%. and total dietary fiber content with a score of 3.19%. This also shows that the more dragon fruit peel is added, the higher is the total dietary fiber content in gnocchi with addition of dragon fruit peel. This high dietary fiber will be beneficial to humans, especially good for the digestive system. Meanwhile, the mineral content of gnocchi with dragon fruit peel also showed that the F3 sample had the highest mineral content, in particular — iron (Fe) in amount of 1.886 mg/100 g, potassium (K) 6.179 mg/100 g, and calcium (Ca) in amount of 25.339 mg/100 g. This also shows that the addition of dragon fruit peel is useful for improvement of human health and the quality of food product, i. e. gnocchi by increasing the total content of dietary fiber and improving the mineral composition of gnocchi due to addition of dragon fruit peel.

Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Pectin from Extracted Dragon Fruit Waste by Different Techniques.

Dragon fruit peel, often discarded, is a valuable source of commercial pectin. This study investigates different extraction methods, including cold-water (CW), hot-water (HW), ultrasound (US), and novel enzyme extraction (xylanase: EZX), to extract pectins from dragon fruit peel and compare their characteristics. The pectin yield ranged from 10.93% to 20.22%, with significant variations in physicochemical properties across methods (p < 0.05). FTIR analysis revealed that extraction methods did not alter the primary structural configuration of the pectins. However, molecular weights (Mws) varied significantly, from 0.84 to 1.21 × 103 kDa, and the degree of esterification varied from 46.82% to 51.79% (p < 0.05). Monosaccharide analysis identified both homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) pectic configurations in all pectins, predominantly comprising galacturonic acid (77.21-83.12 %mol) and rhamnose (8.11-9.51 %mol), alongside minor side-chain sugars. These properties significantly influenced pectin functionalities. In the aqueous state, a higher Mw impacted viscosity and emulsification performance, while a lower Mw enhanced antioxidant activities and promoted the prebiotic function of pectin (Lactis brevies growth). This study highlights the impact of extraction methods on dragon fruit peel pectin functionalities and their structure-function relationship, providing valuable insights into predicting dragon fruit peel's potential as a food-grade ingredient in various products.