Drag Rate Research Articles

MHD Casson flow across a stretched surface in a porous material: a numerical study

In this study, we examine the nature of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson flow of fluid across a stretched surface in a porous material. It studies how the behaviour of Casson fluids is affected by a number of variables, including thermal radiation, chemical processes, Joule heating, and viscosity dissipation. The Keller box strategy, based on the finite difference method (FDM), is used to tackle the complex numerical problem. Graphical representations are used to show the effects of different system parts. Comprehensive tables displaying surface transfer of mass, heat, and drag rates are given for your convenience. The study focuses on how particle motion transforms kinetic energy into heat. Increased Brownian motion leads to a higher temperature profile and a reduced concentration profile. Thicker concentration profiles are created by increased Lewis number (Le\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Le$$\\end{document}) values and rates of chemical reactions, resulting in changes in mass transfer across fluids. This in-depth investigation focuses on the complicated interactions between various variables and how they influence the Casson fluid's behaviour in the system under study.

Nonlinear stretching curved surface and Lorentz force effect on hybrid nanofluids with an activation energy

The present investigation describes the flow of a copper (Cu) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) hybrid nanofluid with water as base fluid across a curved surface stretched with nonlinear power-law velocity in the presence of Lorentz forces. The influence of Joule heating and heat source/sink on fluid flow has also been studied. Using a similarity structure, nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations which are numerically computed using the ODE analyzer. Skin friction, Sherwood number and Nusselt number are computed in addition to the momentum, mass and energy profiles. A comparison is analyzed through graphs, tables and results for linear and nonlinear surfaces. The heat sink lowers the temperature profile and the heat source elevates the energy field, which serves a purpose in the petrochemical industries for heating and cooling fluids. When the chemical reaction parameter expands, the concentration profile gets less molded, but the opposite tendency is noticed for a decrease in the chemical reaction parameter, which is advantageous for biological applications. The major finding of the study is that nonlinear surfaces exhibit more drag force, mass and heat rate than linear surfaces. Additionally, there was a decent agreement between our results and prior findings for surface drag force under restricted conditions.

Exploring slip flow and heat transfer of power-law fluid past an induced magnetic stretching regime subject to Cattaneo-Christov flux theory

This work investigates the heat transmission and boundary layer (BL) slip flow of a power-law fluid induced by stretching surfaces. The power-law fluid, induced magnetic field, and finite thermal relaxation have significant applications in a variety of industrial settings, including thin-layer growth, cooling systems, the extrusion process, and coating and shaping operations in a heat transfer mechanism. With these significant industrial applications, the current study explores BL flow and heat transfer in the context of the of the Cattaneo-Christov theory against the backdrop of an induced magnetic field over a stretching surface. The shear-thinning and thickening features are captured by the power-law fluid model, while the Cattaneo-Christov theory solves the deficiencies of Fourier's law. The BVP4c technique is used to construct and solve BL equations numerically. The surface drag and heat transmission rates at the wall are studied using statistical multi-regression analysis. The findings clarify that the magnetic and power law indices have a favorable effect on the Nusselt number, while their influence on skin friction is conflicting. A lower heat transmission is predicted with thermal relaxation as compared to Fourier's law in the energy equation. The accumulated thermal relaxation parameter produces a non-equilibrium state, delaying the internal thermal processes.

Investigation of the impact of transient pressure gradients on turbulent channel flow dynamics

AbstractThe effect of transient pressure gradients, or transient pumping in turbulent channel flow configuration, is investigated. Employing a cost‐efficient reduced‐order stochastic method known as one‐dimensional turbulence (ODT) modeling, simulations explore different signal shapes for the modulation of the prescribed pressure gradient forcing, including sinusoidal modulation, step‐like modulation, and piecewise sinusoidal beating. Various cycle periods and active pumping times are investigated. The simulations are conducted at a frictional Reynolds number of and a molecular Prandtl number of . The study adopts a passive scalar formulation to investigate heat transfer properties. The study quantifies the effects of transient pressure gradients on heat transfer rate, drag, and pumping power. Preliminary ODT predictions suggest that all transient cases exhibit lower heat transfer rates and a higher pumping power requirement than the constant pressure gradient case, with the step‐like modulation yields superior skin‐friction drag and heat transfer rate reductions relative to other signals.

Computational analysis of MHD hybrid nanofluid over an inclined cylinder: Variable thermal conductivity and viscosity with buoyancy and radiation effects

Due to their widespread use in engineering, hybrid nanofluids have been the primary focus of mathematical and physical research. Only the improvement of hybrid nanofluids’ variable heat conductivity and viscosity has been considered so far. Hybrid nanofluid flow across an inclined cylinder has many potential uses, including heat transfer and cooling in electrical devices, energy storage, refrigerants, and the automobile industry. Examining the effects of buoyant force, variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, mass suction, convective thermal conditions, and a magnetic field on the stagnation point flow of a Al2O3–Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid in an inclined cylinder is our objective in this work. In order to find solutions to boundary-condition flow-describing partial differential equations, we turn them into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. We achieve this by employing a numerical strategy known as the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique, which incorporates shooting techniques. A graphical representation of the findings emphasizes the influence of many physical parameters on flow dynamics. In addition, we address the influence of drag force and rate of heat transfer on various elements, such as the Biot parameter, magnetic variable, viscosity variable, and thermal conductivity variable. The mixed convection and magnetic parameters cause the velocity profile to rise while the temperature profile falls. The research’s results elucidate the cause behind the rise in thermal contour of hybrid nanofluids, which is seen when there is an increment in thermal conductivity, radiation parameter, and Biot number. The heat transfer rate exhibits a significant increase of 36.87% in the aiding flow scenario when a 2.0 mass suction is applied in conjunction with a 0.01 hybrid nanofluid, as compared to the conventional fluid. In the scenario of opposing flow, the heat transfer rate exhibits a significant increase of 36.96% when compared to that of ordinary fluid. Heat transfer increases 43.00% when Rd increases from 0.1 to 0.5 for both assisting and opposing flow.

Numerical Study of Natural Convective Flow of a Nanofluid Over Rotating Truncated Cone with Convective Heating

In this paper, we consider the natural convection flow of a nanofluid simultaneously heat and mass transfer over a truncated rotating porous cone with convective boundary condition. Buongiorno’s model is used to describe the present nanofluid flow problem which is represented by Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Governing set of nonlinear boundary layer equations for the nanofluid over a rotating truncated cone is converted into a set of non-similar forms through non-similarity transformations. The obtained reduced nonlinear PDE system is linearized locally and solved via an accurate Chebyshev Spectral Collocation Method. The accuracy of the obtained numerical solutions is tested against existing results in the literature for specific cases and demonstrates good agreement. In addition, the impacts of active parameters such as the rotational parameter (0 ≤ χ ≤ 3), Biot number (0.1 ≤ Bi ≤ 1), and suction/injection parameter (−0.5 ≤ fw ≤ 0.5) on velocities, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles along with heat and mass transfer rates are examined. It is found that the local surface drag and heat transfer rate increase, and the nanoparticle mass transfer rate decreases, with the increase in both the spinning parameter and Biot number.

Comparative investigation of activation energy and biot number on quadratic convective flow of a radiating micropolar fluid

In this study, we evaluate the significance of activation energy for initiating a chemical reaction in a two-dimensional laminar flow of a micropolar fluid over a semi-infinite inclined plate. The internal heat transfer mechanism of fluid is modeled with considerations of radiation and convective thermal boundary conditions. The momentum equation uses quadratic density relations in the concentration and temperature differences in buoyancy. In addition, flow through a porous medium surrounded by an inclined plate is modeled by the Darcy-Forchheimer model. Using a spectral successive linearization approach achieves the numerical results for the dimensionless equations. Basic characteristics of flow are examined for a range of dimensionless physical parameters. Quadratic convection is observed to have a stronger impact on the physical components of the flow than linear convection. In addition, compared to the linear illustration, the quadratic convection scenario results in a 14 % − 19 % increase in surface drag and heat transmission rate and a 5 % − 9 % decrease in mass transfer rate. Further, a higher activation energy corresponds with a higher concentration of micropolar fluid. Furthermore, as the radiation and Biot number rise, the velocity and rate of heat transfer correspondingly increase. We believe that the obtained results apply to aerosol technologies and polymeric mixtures used under extreme temperatures and concentrations.

Development of a viscosity prediction model and investigation into drag reduction in weakly magnetized waxy crude oil

The present study investigates the low magnetization of marine waxy crude oil. Through variance analysis and nonlinear regression analysis, a four-parameter and five-factor model was established to predict the magnetized viscosity of waxy crude oil. The mean absolute relative error of this model is 4.97 %, indicating its suitability for predicting the viscosity of magnetized waxy crude oil with an intensity below 100 mT. The prediction model for magnetized viscosity provides a theoretical basis for predicting key parameters in magnetization transport pressure drop and establishing the wax deposition model under magnetization conditions. By coupling the flow field and magnetic field, a pressure drop model for transporting magnetized waxy crude oil was established to predict the drag reduction effect in magnetized transportation. It is anticipated that magnetization can potentially reduce the drag rate of an oceanic oil pipeline by 8 %–10 %.

Insight of Jeffrey flow over a stretching Riga plate with activation energy and viscous dissipation: Melting heat transfer regime

AbstractPresent article highlights the significance of Arrhenius activation energy along with viscous dissipation in Jeffrey fluid over a Riga plate. Riga plate is basically an actuator made up of array of magnets and electrodes scaled on a plane surface to tackle the weaker electrical conductivity during fluid flow. In order to ensure the novelty, a reliable melting heat surface condition has been incorporated on nonlinear stretching Riga plate of variable thickness to reconnoiter features of heat transfer. Moreover, stagnation point has been retained in this study. Adequate transformations are employed in order to attain system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A well known semi analytical technique (Homotopy analysis method) is utilized to obtain series solutions of prevailing dimensionless equations. Influence of several apposite parameters on velocity, thermal and concentration distributions is analyzed graphically. Physical evaluation and graphical sketch is presented for drag force coefficient and rate of heat transfer. Analysis of velocity as well as associated boundary layer thickness gives the growing up impact for the strength of modified Hartmann number. Enhancement of dimensionless reaction rate and endothermic/exothermic reaction parameter results in increment for heat flux over stretching Riga plate. Increase in thermal distribution takes place for higher Eckert number while thermal boundary layer thickness depicts opposite trend in this case. Concentration boundary layer thickness enhances while concentration profile declines for higher Schmidt number. Velocity distribution is found to be incremented for intense melting process. Higher dimensionless activation energy parameter is analyzed to be responsible for growing up concentration field.

Moore And Chien Correlation To Address The Issue Of Hole Cleaning In Guba Field – Libya

Hole cleaning and hydraulics are important part of drilling operations that need to be carefully reviewed and incorporated in drilling program. Poor hole cleaning could lead to various problems like slow rate of penetration (ROP), excessive torque and drag, excessive wear on bit, pipe sticking problems, and possibly fracturing of formation.In this work, Since hole cleaning is a major problem associated with drilling operations. There is an evaluation of the effect of the drilling fluid rheology parameters and flow rate on hole cleaning. Correlation methods such as Moore and Chien correlation have been made to provide the most suitable approach to address the issue of a hole cleaning. On the other hand, also explains the effect of the flow rate in the equivalent circulating density (ECD) in terms of frictional pressure loss in the annulus. The result of analysis demonstrates how the rheology parameters and flow do affect the hole cleaning and concludes that the ECD and frictional pressure loss in the annulus are affected by the flow rate.

Navier’s slip and interactive Lorentz force impact on radiative stretched flow of copper–water/methanol nanofluid using a micro-convection model

The present investigation aims at three dimensional slip flow of a variable electrical conducting and radiative nanofluid past an exponential stretching sheet under the action of induced Lorentz force. The novelty of the study is the introduction of Navier’s slip subject to three dimensional stretched flow influneced by Lorentz force. Implementation of micro-convection variable thermal conductivity model. The system of non-dimensionalized governing differential equations is solved numerically by using 4th-order R.K. method cum shooting technique. The effective outcome of current study is that drag force offered by magnetic interaction accounts for the decelerated fluid motion. Non-zero slip leads to the diminution of fluid velocity, surface viscous drag and heat transfer rate from the stretched surface.

Arrhenius activation energy effect in thermally viscous dissipative flow of micropolar material with gyrotactic microorganisms

The rheology of micropolar material with heat energy transport features is fully progressive, which allows considerable industrial and engineering applications. In this study, numerical analysis is presented to examine the micro-rotation characteristics of magnetized micropolar fluid flow towards the stagnation point region on a porous shrinking surface with gyrotactic microorganisms. To describe the convective energy transport features, Arrehenius activation energy, thermal radiation, Ohmic, and viscous dissipation effects are taken into consideration. The governing equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity variables. The physical features of flow constraints are displayed and explained for velocity, thermal and solutal distributions, microorganism profile, as well as friction drag, couple stress, and energy transport rate. The results revealed that suction strength contributes to the increment of friction drag, couple stress, and energy transport rate, but the boosted values of the micropolar parameter lower the values of these physical quantities. For a specific range of the shrinking parameter, analysis confirmed the persistence of non-uniqueness solutions. Further, the microorganism profile declines as the bioconvection Lewis number and the bioconvection Peclet number increases. Additionally, according to time-dependent stability analysis, only the upper branch of solutions is physically stable, while the lower branch is not physically.

Exploration of motion of methanol experiencing alumina and silica nanoparticles with emphasis on multiple solutions

There is an increasing industrial demand to improve the thermal characteristics of fluids as they flow over stretching/shrinking and rotating surfaces. Heat transfer liquids, thermal exchangers, and coolants in electronics are examples of applicable applications. The thermal transport characteristics of hybrid nanofluids are improved by the inclusion of composite nanoparticles. Because the hybrid nanofluids can improve thermal conductivity compared to traditional fluids. However, several investigations are still needed to fully comprehend its features. Hence, this study investigates the fluid flow and thermal transport properties of thermally radiated hybrid alumina-silica/methanol nanofluid in a three-dimensional domain through a permeable porous shrinking surface. The hybrid nanofluid flow model of PDEs is transformed into ODEs by using similarity conversion, which is then numerically solved in MATLAB using the bvp4c solver. The characteristics of hybrid nanofluid velocity, thermal distribution, friction drag, and heat transport rate are graphically depicted for various physical flow parameters. The outcomes reveal that the range of first and second solutions can be augmented by increasing nanoparticle volume percentage. Furthermore, the results suggest that increasing the suction parameter can improve the effective heat transfer performance of the hybrid nanofluid whereas thermal radiation and heat source/sink parameters have no effect on delaying the boundary layer separation.

Significance of nanoparticle radius on EMHD Casson nanomaterial flow with non-uniform heat source and second-order velocity slip

For its application in cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, radiofrequency ablation, and magnetic resonance imaging, the dynamics of electro-magnetohydrodynamic flow of blood-gold nanomaterial over a nonlinearly stretching surface utilizing the Casson model has been elucidated numerically. The impact of second-order hydrodynamic-slip, nanoparticle radius, first-order thermal-slip, inter-particle spacing and non-uniform heat source are also accounted. The modeled flow equations are transmuted into a nonlinear system of first-order ODEs (with the aid of apposite similarity variables) which are then resolved numerically utilizing the bvp5c scheme. The thermal field augments with an increase and a decrease in the inter-particle spacing and radius of gold-nanoparticles, respectively. However, a reverse trend is noted for the velocity profile when the radius and inter-particle spacing of gold-nanoparticles are altered. The trend and magnitude of the change in the drag rate and heat transfer rate under the influence of effectual parameters have been demonstrated statistically using slope of linear regression. It is noticed that per unit increase in the volume fraction of gold nanoparticles augments the heat transfer rate by 81.71% and reduces the surface drag by 163.51%. Further, per unit increase in the inter-particle spacing of gold nanoparticles augments the drag coefficient by 85.92% whereas per unit increase in the radius of gold nanoparticles reduces the skin friction coefficient by 49.71%.

Hydro-magneto-thermal aspects of ternary composite nanomaterial over arbitrarily inclined thin needle influenced by linear and nonlinear slips

Because of accelerated demands of advanced technologies like power station, chemical production and microelectronics, it necessitates the need of novel type of fluids with more heat transfer capability. Due to synergistic effect, ternary composite nanofluids (TCNFs) ensure better thermophysical and Rheology properties thereby acting as better suitable heat transfer fluid in wire coating, metal spinning, aerodynamics, medicine and engineering industries, etc. In view of such relevance, flow and heat transfer aspects of TCNF MWCNT + Al2O3 + TiO2 + water induced by linear and nonlinear slips over arbitrarily inclined moving thin needle are investigated in this study. Thompson and Troian nonlinear slip model is modified by developing it in polar coordinates. Quadratic thermal radiation phenomenon is adopted. Fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to obtain requisite numerical solution. Major outcomes indicate that fluid velocity of TCNF whittles down with amplification of magnetic parameter due to the flow induced by either linear or nonlinear slips. Lower value of Reynolds number favoring linear slip leads to effective intensification of nondimensional temperature distributions. Surface viscous drag and heat transfer rate get ameliorated with growth in size of thin needle under the influence of both linear and nonlinear slips.

Numerical study on magnetohydrodynamics micropolar Carreau nanofluid with Brownian motion and thermophoresis effect

ABSTRACT The current work explores the investigation of the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation on unsteady, magnetohydrodynamics boundary layer flow of micropolar Carreau nanofluid past a stretching sheet. Viscous dissipation, internal heating, Brownian motion, heat source/sink, thermophoresis, chemical reaction, and Joule heating effects are considered in the study. To analyze the model, the governing partial differential equations are rephrased and written in the non-dimensional form with the relevant dimensionless quantities. To obtain the solutions, the nonlinear non-dimensional governing equations are numerically solved using finite difference approximation. The impact of every significant flow parameter on fluid motion, micro-rotation, temperature, concentration, surface drag, heat, and mass transfer rates are presented through plotted graphs and tables. It is noted from the study that the fluid flow and angular motion increase, whereas the temperature declines with higher values of the micropolar constant. Further, it is noticed that thermal distribution is a rising function of radiation parameter, and due to the nonlinear thermal radiation effect, there is an increase of 4.903% in temperature distribution when compared to linear thermal radiation. To support the validity of the solutions, a comparison was made with notable results from the existing literature for the specific case of this study.

Microbubbles drag reduction characteristics of underwater vehicle during pitching movement

In this study, we investigate the effects of ventilation parameters and motion characteristics on the drag reduction characteristics of microbubbles during the pitching motion of underwater vehicle. Based on the Population Balance Model (PBM), a numerical method is established that takes into account the phenomenon of microbubbles aggregation and breakage. The effects of the pitching frequency and ventilation volume coefficient on drag and lift are conducted in this study. The results show that the numerical method can accurately predict the distribution and force characteristics of microbubbles for the vehicle in pitching motion. Added mass force of the water phase is weakened when the vehicle is surrounded by microbubbles during the pitching motion. This causes a gradual decrease in the phase difference between the drag and lift coefficients under different pitching frequencies. Moreover, the drag rate of the microbubble is inversely related to the pitch angle. Namely, the drag reduction rate of microbubbles decreases with an increase in pitch angle. The drag coefficient decreases significantly when the vehicle is covered by the microbubbles. This leads to the phase of the drag coefficient slightly lagging behind the pitch angle. Furthermore, the lift coefficients of vehicle are similar for different ventilation flow rates.

Nanoparticle aggregation kinematics on the heat transfer in EG-Cu non-Newtonian nanofluid flow above a cylinder

These days, thermal power and industrial processing rely heavily on solar energy. This study examines the heat dispersion in Casson nanofluid flow across an expanding cylinder by considering nano aggregate kinematics. Ethylene glycol-Cu nanofluid is deemed to boost the heat transfer competence of parabolic trough collector (PTSC). A stable magnetic field is used in the radial direction in the appearance of asymmetrical heat source/sink, radiative, and Joule heats. A mathematical model was developed and resolved using the Keller-box approach. Results are deliberated through pictorial and numerical evaluations for aggregation and non-aggregation cases. The improvement of the thermal field caused by nanoparticle aggregation is proven. It is also found that the surface drag and thermal transfer rate can be controlled by increasing the Darcy parameter.

Exchange and correlation effects on spin Coulomb drag in a spin-polarized quasi-one-dimensional electron gas

In this paper, we study the spin Coulomb drag (SCD) effect in a spin-polarized quasi-one-dimensional electron gas (Q1DEG) by including the exchange-correlation effects within the self-consistent mean-field approximation of Singwi, Tosi, Land, and Sjölander (the STLS theory). Numerical results for the spin drag rate [Formula: see text] are presented over a wide range of temperature T, some selected values of electron number density [Formula: see text] and spin-polarization. We note that for unpolarized Q1DEG, [Formula: see text] is maximum and then decreases with increase in spin-polarization at each T and/or [Formula: see text]. As an important finding, we report that for a set of critical system parameters at which a long-wavelength spin-density-wave (SDW) instability has been recently reported to occur in a Q1DEG, the drag intensity function attains maxima and [Formula: see text] increases abruptly. However, the random-phase approximation (RPA) underestimates [Formula: see text] in comparison to the STLS theory over a broad range of T and the difference becomes quite appreciable in strongly correlated regime (sufficiently low T and high [Formula: see text]). In addition, we report for the first time the spin-plasmon dispersion of spin-polarized Q1DEG and find that the increase in degree of spin-polarization causes the spectrum to reduce in energy significantly. Besides, the spin-plasmon modes at finite spin-polarization show a consistent blue shift with rise in T and/or [Formula: see text], and the RPA largely overestimates them.

Darcy–Forchheimer natural convection flow of SWCNTs-EG-based nanofluid along a complex roughened surface

The study of heat transfer in natural convection flow of nanofluid (mixture of SWCNTs and ethylene glycol fluid) through a complex roughened surface saturated in a porous medium is investigated. The governing equations in terms of nonlinear PDEs are derived using Darcy–Forchheimer and Tiwari and Das models and made dimensionless using transformation. A finite difference scheme with backward and central differences approximations is used to conduct numerical solution. Recently, researchers have focused on the use of roughened surfaces or suspension of nanoparticles in base fluid to improve heat transfer rate. The objective of this study is to quantify the increase in heat transfer rate due to complex roughened surface and nanofluid. The results reveal that total heat transfer rate raises higher in nanofluid as compared to largest amplitude of harmonic wave. The absolute value of drag coefficient and rate of total heat transfer grow by increasing the value of Darcy number. Near the leading edge, the total heat transfer rate declines up-to certain node value which is 0.2125 and 0.2071 in the absence and presence of nanofluid and increases away from these node values. Streams slices and isotherm lines expand in case of largest amplitude of harmonic wave and nanofluid.