Draft Standards Research Articles

Guidance on health promoting and climate-friendly hospitals and health services

Abstract The negative impacts of climate change on health and the healthcare system are becoming increasingly evident. The healthcare sector, which accounts for nearly seven percent of Austria’s CO2 emissions, contributes to the exacerbation of climate change on one hand, but is also affected by its consequences on the other. To meet these challenges, it is necessary for healthcare facilities to both adopt climate-protective measures and adapt to the changed conditions. A project launched in 2023, supported by the Austrian Health Promotion Agenda and in cooperation with the Austrian Network of Health Promoting Hospitals and Health Services, has shown that there is a need for support in implementing climate protection measures in healthcare facilities. In response, the WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Promotion in Hospitals and Healthcare, located at the Competence Centre for Health Promotion and Healthcare at the Austrian National Public Health Institute, will work on the development of standards based on international models to support healthcare facilities in the introduction of climate-friendly practices until 2026. The methodology of the project includes the analysis of existing quality criteria and instruments, as well as a modified Delphi process with two rounds of online questionnaires directed at an international panel of experts. After each round, exchange meetings with a smaller group from the panel take place to achieve consensus. Based on the research findings and the Delphi consultations, a draft of standards and an implementation manual will be created. These drafts will be piloted in various healthcare facilities in Austria and other countries to assess their practicability and effectiveness. Following the pilot tests, the standards and the manual will be revised to integrate the practical insights gained. At the time of the conference, the initial results of the Delphi process will be presented, providing insights for the further development of the standards. Key messages • Integrating climate-friendly practices into all aspects of healthcare can reduce its environmental impact, improve health outcomes, and contribute to the broader sustainable development goals. • Climate-friendly approaches yield significant health, economic, and social co-benefits.

Comparative analysis of methods for determining asphalt concrete quality indicators in accordance with the current regulatory documents in Ukraine

Problem. Asphalt concrete is the main material used for road pavements. Currently, in Ukraine, the quality of asphalt concrete is assessed using quality indicators, the methods for determining which are presented in the national standard DSTU B V.2.7-319 and in the harmonised European standards of the DSTU EN 12697 series. In recent years, Ukraine has been working on the development of national stan-dards of the DSTU XXXX series «Asphalt mixtures and asphalt concrete. Technical specifications. Part 1 ... 6». One of the main innovations of the standards of this series is the conditions for the simultaneous use of methods for determining the physical and mechanical quality indicators of asphalt concrete in accordance with the methods regulated by national and European regulatory documents. Given that the values of asphalt concrete quality indicators significantly depend on the conditions of their determination, the issue of interchangeability of the methods given in DSTU B B.2.7-319 and the standards of DSTU EN 12697 series is relevant. Goal. The aim of the work was to establish the possibility of simultaneous use of methods for determining the physical and mechanical quality indicators of asphalt concrete according to the methods regulated by national and European regulatory documents. Methodology. To achieve this goal, we compared the methods given in the current DSTU B B.2.7-319 and in the harmonised European standards of the DSTU EN 12697 series. Results. Despite the fundamentally identical approaches to the preparation and testing of asphalt concrete, as described in the national standard DSTU B B.2.7-319 and the harmonised European standards of the DSTU EN 12697 series, there are certain methodological and technological features that affect the results obtained. The main technological factor that differs in these standards is the temperature of both preparation and testing. Therefore, before conducting large-scale experimental studies and publishing the results, it is reasonable to assume that these methods are not interchangeable. Practical value. Based on the analysis, it is advisable to remove from the draft standards of the DSTU XXXX series «Asphalt mixtures and asphalt concrete. Technical specifications. Part 1 ... 6» the requirements for the simultaneous use of the methods given in DSTU B B.2.7-319 and the standards of the DSTU EN 12697 series for the same tests.

Global investor responses to the International Sustainability Standards Board draft sustainability and climate-change standards: sites of dissonance or consensus

Purpose This paper aims to examine sites of dissonance or consensus between global investor responses to the draft standards, International Financial Reporting Standards S1 (IFRS) (General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information) and IFRS S2 (Climate-related Disclosures), issued by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB). Design/methodology/approach A thematic content analysis was used to capture investor views expressed in their comment letters submitted in the consultation period (March to July 2022) in comparison to the ex ante position (issue of draft standards, March 2022) and ex post summary feedback (ISSB staff papers, September 2022) of the ISSB. Findings There was investor consensus in support of the ISSB and the development of the draft standards. However, there were sites of dissonance between investors and the ISSB, notably regarding the basis and focus of reporting (double or single/financial materiality and enterprise value); definitional clarity; emissions reporting; and assurance. Incrementally, the research further highlights that investors display heterogeneity of opinion. Practical and Social implications The ISSB standards will provide a framework for future sustainability reporting. This research highlights the significance of such reporting to investors through their responses to the draft standards. The findings reveal sites of dissonance in the development and alignment of draft standards to user needs. The views of investors, as primary users, should help inform the development of sustainability-related standards by a global standard-setting body apposite to current policy and future reporting requirements, and their usefulness to users in practice. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper makes an original contribution to the comment letter literature, hitherto focused on financial reporting with a relative lack of investor engagement. Using thematic analysis, sites of dissonance are examined between the views of investors and the ISSB on their development of sustainability reporting standards.

Development of low back pain curriculum content standards for entry-level clinical training

BackgroundThe management of low back pain (LBP) is highly variable and patients often receive management that is not recommended and/or miss out on recommended care. Clinician knowledge and behaviours are strongly influenced by entry-level clinical training and are commonly cited as barriers to implementing evidence-based management. Currently there are no internationally recognised curriculum standards for the teaching of LBP content to ensure graduating clinicians have the appropriate knowledge and competencies to assess and manage LBP. We formed an international interdisciplinary working group to develop curriculum content standards for the teaching of LBP in entry-level clinical training programs.MethodsThe working group included representatives from 11 countries: 18 academics and clinicians from healthcare professions who deal with the management of LBP (medicine, physiotherapy, chiropractic, osteopathy, pharmacology, and psychology), seven professional organisation representatives (medicine, physiotherapy, chiropractic, spine societies), and one healthcare consumer. A literature review was performed, including database and hand searches of guidelines and accreditation, curricula, and other policy documents, to identify gaps in current LBP teaching and recommended entry-level knowledge and competencies. The steering group (authors) drafted the initial LBP Curriculum Content Standards (LBP-CCS), which were discussed and modified through two review rounds with the working group.ResultsSixty-two documents informed the draft standards. The final LBP-CCS consisted of four broad topics covering the epidemiology, biopsychosocial contributors, assessment, and management of LBP. For each topic, key knowledge and competencies to be achieved by the end of entry-level clinical training were described.ConclusionWe have developed the LBP-CCS in consultation with an interdisciplinary, international working group. These standards can be used to inform or benchmark the content of curricula related to LBP in new or existing entry-level clinical training programs.

Pharmacy regulator consults on draft standards for chief pharmacists

Pharmacy regulator consults on draft standards for chief pharmacists

Self-governance at depth: The international seabed authority and verification culture of the deep-sea mining industry

Deep-sea mining requires the creation of a new set of regulations, mitigation measures, and auditing procedures for the companies operating in this sector. In this article, it is argued that the verification system proposed by the International Seabed Authority, the UN body tasked with policing this industry, fails to respond to the needs for a proactive assessment of environmental impacts. This work proposes that strict, quantitative auditing culture should be re-worked to introduce much needed flexibility to match the fast-paced evolution of deep-sea knowledge. It also highlights some structural limitations of the draft regulations, guidelines, and standards, including vaguely defined terms that could constitute major challenges once the industry enters its production cycle. The current definition of the ISA Mining Code and its related documents promotes a self-regulatory system, where companies operating in the area are wholly responsible for reporting their own adherence to regulations. Based on document analysis, as well as informal exchanges with industry operators, governments, and international organizations, it is found that the bulk of environmental systems knowledge in the mining area has been provided or sponsored by corporate actors, helping them shape the guidelines for the regulations. This self-regulation also extends to the verification process, with few truly independent mechanisms. The article concludes with a proposal of five avenues for improvement, targeting the structures in which verification is envisioned but also the ways in which data is collected.

A new Chinese standard for testing of quality control in medical proton/heavy ion beam radiotherapy equipment

With the development of social economy and radiotherapy technique, proton/heavy ion radiotherapy has been applied widely to clinical practices. At present, there are at least 29 hospitals in China at various stages of planning, construction, commissioning or clinical operation of medical proton/heavy ion beam radiotherapy equipment. Compared with common radiotherapy accelerators used in conventional external beam radiotherapy, the proton/heavy ion therapy system has more stringent requirements for quality control so as to achieve an optimum therapeutic effect. In order to protect the health rights of patients undergoing radiotherapy, to facilitate the relevant administrative supervision departments to carry out standard-based approval and routine supervision and to promote the development of related medical undertakings, the standard for testing of quality control for medical proton/heavy ion beam radiotherapy equipment is drafted to fill the gap in this regard in China and even worldwide. The standard contains five indicators and corresponding testing methods for radiological protection and safety and 16 indicators for quality control of equipment performance. The standard is a mandatory standard and is based on the relevant Chinese legal requirements for the testing of radiotherapy equipment, so all the indicators listed in the standard shall be tested. During the drafting of the standard, the opinions from hospitals that are currently using proton/heavy ion medical accelerators for radiotherapy purpose and from the related equipment manufacturers were taken into account. The draft standard was revised with reference to these opinions and the feasibility of the related quality control requirements. The official version of the standard was released on March 7, 2023, and implementation is scheduled to begin on March 1, 2024.

Training Maltese inspectors in using hospital standards: a Maltese and Dutch public collaboration

Abstract Background The Maltese Department for Health Regulation sought the support of the Dutch National Health Care Institute in drafting acute hospital standards and in training respective inspectors in applying those standards. The aim was to create SMART standards for public and private hospitals thereby diminishing preventable suffering and waste. Objectives The project started in 2018 with a situational analysis of Maltese hospital care and of training needs, followed by interactive workshops with key stakeholders, and the subsequent development of draft standards. Due to COVID-19, the work was curtailed during 2020-2021. Over the course of 2022 draft standards have been finalized, a three-day training was delivered including mock inspections of Dutch hospitals, followed by a final session in January 2023 in which the inspectors received feedback from the Dutch faculty on their use of the draft standards in the Maltese setting. Results The licensing standards describe tasks and responsibilities of hospital leadership with respect to quality and safety, as well as reporting structures such as key performance indicators, and incidents that affect patient care. The training focused on the importance of Safety-II regulation. Interviews took place to explore inspectors’ experiences. Inspectors reported that using these standards facilitates open communication. They are in a better position to enter into a more meaningful and constructive dialogue with hospital management and professionals on how they can safeguard quality of care. Conclusions During the development of the hospital standards and the training, inspection team members have gained a clear vision on their role and position towards healthcare providers, and of their responsibilities in stimulating proactive quality and safety management and a learning culture in Maltese hospital care. The standards outline will support the licensing authority to protect patient safety through a collaborative regulatory approach. Key messages • The interactive work done by Maltese experts and Dutch policy advisors resulted in explicit quality standards for public and private hospitals. • The training has empowered inspectors to foster a governance structure in acute hospitals, to encourage an accountable and learning culture and to enter into an open dialogue on quality and safety.

Sustainable Seabed Mining—The Phase 1 Environmental Draft Standards and Guidelines

Abstract The oceans are home to a rich diversity of plant and animal life and also provide a source of food and marine resources that drive economies. Climate change and pollution are changing ocean dynamics and the ability of the oceans to support life. Seabed mining in areas beyond national jurisdiction will add to the ocean’s stressors and could cause severe environmental damage. The International Seabed Authority (‘ISA’) is mandated to manage access to and benefits from the seabed, its subsoil, and mineral resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction (the ‘Area’). Although the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea sets out the legal framework for developing the Area and its resources, it does so in broad terms and leaves substantial gaps. These gaps include the scope of activities in the Area, the interrelationship of international obligations, the division of responsibilities between the ISA and sponsoring states, and the regulation of the mining system in situ. To partially fill these gaps, the ISA has drafted a set of ‘Phase 1’ Standards and Guidelines under the Draft Regulations on Exploitation of Mineral Resources in the Area. This paper investigates and critiques five environmental Draft Standards from a precautionary and comparative law perspective. Phase 1 standards and guidelines should adopt a more rigorous interpretation of the precautionary principle. Additional recommendations include creating enhanced governance processes and incorporating an ecosystem-based framework for regional environmental assessments and management plans not present in Draft Standards. This research will assist academics, practitioners, governments and the ISA with policies and strategies to enhance environmental and social protections from seabed mining.

Clinical standards for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-COVID-19 lung disease.

BACKGROUND: The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on 'best practice' care for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-COVID-19 lung disease.METHODS: A panel of international experts representing scientific societies, associations and groups active in post-COVID-19 lung disease was identified; 45 completed a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale indicated level of agreement with the draft standards. The final version was approved by consensus (with 100% agreement).RESULTS: Four clinical standards were agreed for patients with a previous history of COVID-19: Standard 1, Patients with sequelae not explained by an alternative diagnosis should be evaluated for possible post-COVID-19 lung disease; Standard 2, Patients with lung function impairment, reduced exercise tolerance, reduced quality of life (QoL) or other relevant signs or ongoing symptoms ≥4 weeks after the onset of first symptoms should be evaluated for treatment and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR); Standard 3, The PR programme should be based on feasibility, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness criteria, organised according to local health services and tailored to an individual patient's needs; and Standard 4, Each patient undergoing and completing PR should be evaluated to determine its effectiveness and have access to a counselling/health education session.CONCLUSION: This is the first consensus-based set of clinical standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-COVID-19 lung disease. Our aim is to improve patient care and QoL by guiding clinicians, programme managers and public health officers in planning and implementing a PR programme to manage post-COVID-19 lung disease.

Features of Standardization of Methods for Economic Evaluation of Machine Technologies for Crop Production

The features of standardization of methods of economic assessment of machine technologies of plant growing in the developed draft of the interstate standard are given.

Planned changes to the classification and disclosure of items in the profit and loss statement. Discussion on the exposure draft of a new international standard

Purpose: The objective is to present selected changes slated for introduction through exposure draft ED/2019/7. The perspective adopted concerns the current classification and disclosure in the profit and loss statement. In addition, the authors indicate the differences between the new standard and the local accounting regulations.Methodology/approach: We used an analysis of legal regulations and a case study in the form of data transformation of entity X for three consecutive reporting periods.Findings: Mandatory separation of investments and financial activities, whose definition differs from those in national law and IAS/IFRS, represents the greatest challenge. Many items (including exchange rate differences, investment incomes and expenses) will be disclosed differently in the profit and loss statement, including being split between two or more categories.Practical implications: The identified differences between the local regulations and the new standard indicate the need to change how the accounting ledger is organized, including amendments in the information systems. It also calls for several educational events to be held by professional accounting organizations.Originality/value: The detailed identification of differences in the disclosure of profit and loss statements stem from the authors’ engagement in the European Financial Advisory Board’s (EFRAG) field test. The results indicate that the regulator must act to bring national law into line with the planned changes. The proposed changes will in-crease the quality of financial statements, including the relevance and comparability of financial information.

Analysis and Reflection on Drafting Units of Medical Device Industry Standards in China

Standard drafting is an important part in the process of standard formulation and revision. By analyzing the status of the medical device industry standards drafting, thoughts and suggestions were proposed to further promote all relevant parties to actively participate in the standard drafting, effectively improve the quality of the standards, strengthen the technical support and promote the high-quality development of the industry. The statistical data of the participation of social organizations in the drafting and as the first unit drafting medical devices standards from 2017 to 2021 was researched, and the problems in the drafting of standards at this stage were analyzed. Based on the research and analyses, some thoughts and suggestions were proposed to strengthen the management of standard drafting units and promote the participation of all relevant parties in standard drafting. It is necessary to expand and enhance social participation in standard drafting further by innovating incentives, refining and strengthening normative requirements, and creating a positive social atmosphere.

Developing and validating a national set of standards for undergraduate medical education using the WFME framework: the experience of an accreditation system in Iran

BackgroundDefining standards is the first step toward quality assurance and improvement of educational programs. This study aimed at developing and validating a set of national standards for the Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) program through an accreditation system in Iran using the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) framework.MethodsThe first draft of standards was prepared through consultative workshops with the participation of different UME program stakeholders. Subsequently, standards were sent to medical schools and UME directors were asked to complete a web-based survey. The content validity index at the item level (I-CVI) was computed using criteria including clarity, relevance, optimization and evaluability for each standard. Afterward, a full-day consultative workshop was held and a wide range of UME stakeholders across the country (n = 150) discussed the survey results and made corrections to standards.ResultsAnalysis of survey results showed that relevance criteria had the best CVI as only 15 (13%) standards demonstrated CVI < 0.78. More than two-thirds (71%) and a half (55%) of standards showed CVI < 0.78 for optimization and evaluability criteria. The final set of UME national standards was structured in 9 areas, 24 sub-areas, 82 basic and 40 quality development standards, and 84 annotations.ConclusionsWe developed and validated national standards as a framework to ensure the quality of UME training with input from UME stakeholders. We used WFME standards as a benchmark while addressing local requirements. The standards and participatory approach to developing standards may guide relevant institutions.

WIG-20 Warsaw Stock Exchange Companies: Are They Ready for Governance Matters Disclosures Based on EU Sustainable Reporting Standards?

Theoretical background: In 2022, the European Commission’s intensive efforts to revise and enhance the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) from 2014 resulted in the proposal of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the exposure draft on ESRS EDs (EFRAG Sustainable Reporting Standards Exposure Drafts). The ESRS drafts for public consultation presented the mandatory concepts and principles for sustainability reporting under the CSRD. The implementation of corporate sustainability is closely related to reporting that stimulates robustness of companies’ commitment to sustainability, and sustainable long-term actions taken by companies. Environment is priority, however, having in mind sophisticated environmental performance indicators, it is governance that ensures stakeholders whether the company exercises the sustainable obligations effectively. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to determine EFRAG draft standards compliance with the Warsaw Stock Exchange best practices and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards, and an assessment of WIG-20 reporting practices regarding EFRAG draft standards. The main research question was whether and to what extent WIG-20 companies meet the sustainable reporting exposure drafts on governance matters proposed by EFRAG. Research methods: The study method was desk-based research using the gathered corporate data. The assumptions on the importance of governance matters were supported by VOSviewer analysis of Scopus bibliometric database analysis. Main findings: The results of the study have shown that the scope and level of reported disclosures by WIG-20 companies – that are best performing and positive toward sustainability – is insufficient and reporting practices do not meet proposed EFRAG draft standards. The study contributes to scarce research addressing the sustainability reporting approach. It provides a study of the governance maters regarding draft governance reporting ESRS drafts.

Potential technical parameters for the authentication of carrion meat (tiren): A review

Assuring halal status of animal-based foods is an ongoing challenge in Indonesia. An adequate halal food supply will make it easier for the people to obtain halal-certified foods that contain animal products. The government must reach an agreement on quality infrastructure for its supply chain, considering that basic foodstuffs are the essential ingredients for all edible derivatives. One major obstacle in implementing halal assurance for the consumer is the presence of carrion meat (raw or processed) in the market. The testing standards for the authentication of carrion meat are currently not a priority for either cattle or poultry. Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify important procedures that some experts have carried out for the detection or testing of carrion meat. The information and data collected and analysed may provide potential technical parameters for detecting carrion meat. This review used a descriptive exploratory method and the forum group discussion. As a preliminary result, 14 potential technical parameters were obtained and tested with further verification and evaluation. The technical parameters studied included malachite green-H2O2, correlated protein with meat texture, peroxiredoxin-6, blood biochemistry, blood pH, capacitance value, meat colour, Warner-Bratzler shear force, blood loss variation, meat quality, water holding capacity (WHC), resistance value, E. coli load, and coliform load. The proposed parameters will be discussed by the technical committee by consensus when submitted to the national standard draft.

Relationship between social network and individual performance of core members from aged care services social organizations: cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe social network of core members can affect the performance of the organization, while there is a lack of research on the relationship between the social network of core members of social organizations and individual performance in the field of aged care services. This study aimed to explore the relationship between social network and individual performance of core members from social organizations engaged in aged care services and explore measures to promote the development of aged care services.MethodsWe used a multi-stage stratified sampling method to conduct a cross-sectional study and collected the required data in six cities in Anhui Province, China. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to estimate the relationship between social network and individual performance.ResultsOur results indicated that core members with higher social network scores were more likely to yield better individual performance, including receiving awards or recognitions related to aged care services (AOR=2.534; 95% CI: 1.397-4.596). Moreover, teams led by the core members were more likely to receive awards or recognitions related to aged care services (AOR=2.930; 95% CI: 1.740-4.933). The core members or the teams led by them were more likely to be reported by the media (AOR=1.748; 95% CI: 1.030-2.966) and participate in the drafting or discussion of local aged care service standards or service specifications (AOR=2.088; 95% CI: 1.093-3.911). In addition, demographic variables such as gender, marital status, and education of core members were significantly related to their performance (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe social network of core members of aged care service social organizations has an impact on their individual performance. To improve the performance of the core members of senior citizens services and organizations, relevant measures should be taken from the government, social organizations and core members to strengthen the social network construction of core members.

Abstract WP55: Development Of Comprehensive Post-Acute Stroke Program Standards

Introduction: Evidence-based rehabilitation and secondary prevention interventions improve post-stroke functional recovery and reduce secondary complications. However, stroke rehabilitation expertise, processes of care, and educational resources vary among sites where post-acute care (PAC) is delivered. Purpose: The American Heart Association (AHA) developed quality standards based on the AHA 2016 Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery to address these gaps. Methods: An interdisciplinary PAC standards writing committee identified key areas for PAC: quality improvement, medical management, care coordination, patient/caregiver and personnel education, and program management. Subgroups developed draft standards, combining results from a national landscape survey of PAC sites with clinical practice guidelines. The committee then refined the draft standards using a consensus-based process. AHA staff and PAC sites in Montana (MT) convened a learning collaborative to gather feedback and provide gap analyses of the standards relative to current practices. Qualitative input from beta testing in MT, and quantitative results from the nationwide survey and MT sites were analyzed and used to refine the standards further. Results: The national landscape survey demonstrated that most sites do not meet the proposed standards: stroke program oversight structure (78% fall short), stroke rehabilitation leadership (70%), stroke-specific order sets/protocols (61%), and policies requiring staff stroke education (66%). Regarding MT findings, 41% of the PAC sites have no mechanisms to identify areas of quality improvement specific to their stroke rehabilitation programs, and 59% do not use standardized tools to ensure performance improvement initiatives are followed. However, with adequate support and resources, most MT sites stated they would be able to meet the proposed standards. Conclusions: The Stroke PAC Program Standards are applicable in diverse PAC settings and provide a pathway to improving access to high-quality care for stroke survivors. Outcome studies are needed to confirm anticipated improvements in medical and functional outcomes.

PERSPECTIVE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDIZATION IN THE TECHNICAL SERVICE

Harmonization of standards on modern methods of organization of maintenance and repair, advanced techniques of service of agricultural machinery updates the list of regulatory documents required for technical support of agricultural machinery. (Research purpose) The research purpose is outlining the main provisions of the standards and determine the possibilities of their implementation at the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex by improving the quality of repair and maintenance and certification of agricultural tractors, tractor and combine diesels, combine harvesters and their assembly units, taking into account new trends. (Materials and methods) They showed that the specifics of the work consists in public discussion of draft standards, expert examination by specialists of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex and agricultural machinery and interested organizations and enterprises of the Russian Federation and organizations in the member states of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the Commonwealth of Independent States, a detailed analysis of the proposals received and in the procedure of acceptance and approval. (Results and discussion) We have prepared the final versions of draft standards that meet the conditions of technical support of the modern machine and tractor fleet and the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex. The draft standards have passed mandatory standard control and editing and have been approved by Rosstandart. (Conclusions) The approved standards for the first time unified the types, basic rules and technical requirements for carrying out the procedure for the repair and release of tractors, diesel engines, combines, as well as maintenance of tractors and machines intended for field work. They presented a list of mandatory routine maintenance work in the certification of repair quality aimed at technical and environmental safety. The draft standards were sent for testing to a number of service enterprises of the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex to collect information on the implementation of the implementation of regulatory and technical documentation in the processes of all types of technical support of agricultural machinery, to improve the quality of repairs and the inter-repair resource of the machine and tractor fleet.

Application and Development Trends of Spectral Analysis in Draft of Non-Ferrous Metal Standards in China

Application and Development Trends of Spectral Analysis in Draft of Non-Ferrous Metal Standards in China