Draft Proposal Research Articles

Institution of the health care agent in Polish legislation: position of the Polish Working Group on End-of-Life Ethics.

INTRODUCTION In numerous countries legislation has been put in place allowing citizens to appointpersons authorized to make medical decisions on their behalf, should the principal lose such decision‑makingcapacity. OBJECTIVES The paper aimed to prepare a draft proposal of legal regulations introducing into Polishlegislation the institution of the health care agent. PATIENTS AND METHODSThe draft proposal has been grounded in 6 expertise workshops, in conjunctionwith several online debates. RESULTS The right to appoint a health care agent should apply to all persons of full legal capacity, andto minors over 16 years of age. Every non-legally incapacitated adult person would be eligible to be appointed a health care agent. Appointment of substitute agents should also be legally provided for. Theprerogatives of health care agents would come into effect upon the principals' loss of their decisionmaking capacity, or upon the principals' waiving their right to be provided with pertinent information ontheir health status. The health care agents would make decisions in all matters pertaining to medical treatment, while remaining under no obligation to perform any hands-on caring duties for their principals.The term of medical power-of-attorney should be discretionary, while its revocation or resignation should be possible at any time. In the event of health care agents' inactivity, or in the event that their actionsshould appear contrary to the principals' best interests, an attending physician should notify a pertinent court of law whose prerogatives would facilitate revocation of a medical power-of-attorney. CONCLUSIONSStatutory appointment of a health care agent allows every citizen to appoint in this capacitya person who, to the best of his or her knowledge, would best represent his or her interests in the eventthat the principal should ultimately lose the capacity to make medical decisions on his or her own behalf.

Early Signs

Early Signs

Proposal of Land Readjustment for the Netherlands: An analysis of its effectiveness from an international perspective

Many believe that Land Readjustment (LR) can potentially resolve the stagnation of development that accrues from scattered ownership and improve the financing of public infrastructure. With this enthusiasm for LR, arguments are made that LR avoids the need to expropriate land, empowers landowners to develop their land and provides the necessary public infrastructure at a lower or even no cost to the public. This enthusiasm has recently drawn the attention of the Dutch government, who asked an expert committee to elaborate a draft proposal for LR regulation. In the summer of 2014 this committee submitted this draft proposal to the Dutch government, who since then is working on a draft for an LR act. However, LR does not always resolve the previously mentioned problems; in some countries, it is a “dead word” in legislation. Unfortunately, not many studies analyze the aspects of LR regulations that might be critical in practice. Based on other countries' experiences with LR (especially Germany and Spain), this paper develops a framework of analysis that concludes that the proposed Dutch LR regulation may not fulfill expectations in reality.

Defining active sacroiliitis on MRI for classification of axial spondyloarthritis: update by the ASAS MRI working group

ObjectivesTo review and update the existing definition of a positive MRI for classification of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsThe Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) MRI working group conducted a consensus exercise...

China's 13th Five-Year Plan: A Draft Proposal

Despite over 35 years of reform, some things in China never change. Thus, regular Five-Year Plans are still being formulated to serve as guidelines for the leadership's economic development policy priorities. The first Five-Year Plan was released in 1953 and only during the Great Leap Forward (1958-60) was the planning process suspended. Since the 1950s, overall planning has been conducted under the direction of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The CCP defines the goals to be reached and the guidelines to be followed. These are outlined in a draft document, which is formally confirmed at a subsequent spring meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC). In the period between the passing of the draft at a meeting of the CCP's central committee and the meeting of the NPC, there may be adjustments and concretizations, but these will not result in major changes. The first Five-Year Plan emphasized heavy-industrial development, and this trend continued through subsequent plans. By way of high investment rates and the price-scissors, which channeled resources from agriculture to industry, Chinese planners built an oversized heavyindustrial complex (Brodsgaard and Rutten 2015). Even after the decision was made to begin a new phase of reform and open door policies, the old pattern of pouring resources into heavy industry continued to dominate and investment kept increasing to reach record high levels of almost 50 per cent of GDP.

Simplification of simulation processes at gravity heat pipes

Water heating by heat pipe is currently the object examined on the use in sphere of recovering heat from technological processes. The heat pipe is the device for water heating that provides us a very effective way of transferring heat from the heat source (combustion) to the place of consumption (water). For the draft proposal of such equipment is produced under the required conditions mathematical model of ANSYS that verifies the actual measurements the experiments. The paper deals with the possibility of simulations of heat pipes in the process of heat transport and apposite simplification of the simulation process by defining apposite the substitutes of the solid materials with its own thermal properties that ensure a similar heat transport as a heat transfer medium in the heat pipe.

Disguised Foods, Pole-Dancing, and Homeric Muddles: the Challenges of Teaching Dinner with Trimalchio to Sixth-Form Students

We have been delivering the A Level Classical Civilisation unit ‘Roman Society and Thought’ on the OCR specification for a number of years at Peter Symonds College. This paper focuses on the delivery of one of the four set texts for this AS unit, Petronius' Dinner with Trimalchio. It points out some of the challenges teaching this translated text and then explains a number of the teaching methods and resources that we employ to enable our students to understand and learn this tricky piece of ancient literature. Petronius is one of the texts on the draft proposal for the new A Level Classical Civilisation under the section ‘Literature written in Latin’ under the sub-section ‘Novel & Fable’ and therefore this paper should aid teachers considering it as a unit option.

A suggestion for royal jelly specifications.

This article proposes guidelines for quality standards of royal jelly. The proposals are based on two sets of data; the first from our study of the factors that may affect the royal jelly's chemical composition (protein and sugar supplementation of beehives) and the second on the analysis of a great number of samples from across Greece to establish natural variability of this product. We compared our findings with the adopted national limits, the proposals of the working group of the International Honey Commission (IHC), and the draft proposal of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO). The studied parameters included moisture, total proteins, sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, total sugars), and 10-hydroxy- 2-decenoic acid (10-HDA). Our results indicate that the limits for royal jelly in some countries should be amended and the proposals of the IHC and the ISO reviewed in view of recent data on variability. We believe that our proposals could be considered for setting global standards for royal jelly, as they incorporate national legislations, proposals of scientific groups, experimental data, and updated information.

Promotion of Young Scientists in Health Services Research - Evaluation of the Third Early Career Investigators Workshop in Health Services Research of the German Research Foundation (DFG)

The third Early Career Investigators Workshop in Health Services Research (NWA) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) was initiated and hosted in 2014 by the Centre for Health Services Research Cologne (ZVFK) in cooperation with the Centre for Health and Society (CHS) in Dusseldorf and the Interdisciplinary Centre for Healthcare Research (IZVF) in Witten. The aim of the NWA participation was submitting a research proposal to the DFG. Young scientists were invited to apply with a draft proposal. A total of 100 applications were received. Out of these, 20 participants (15 women and 5 men) were selected. The disciplines most frequently represented were medicine, psychology, and sociology. After a one-day preparatory workshop, the preparation and evaluation of a project proposal, a 5-day academy and finalization of the proposal, a total of 19 research proposals were submitted to the DFG, out of which 10 were approved. The funded projects will be presented in 2015 at the German Conference of Health Services Research (DKVF).

Draft Proposal Helps Surface Funding Possibilities

Draft Proposal Helps Surface Funding Possibilities

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akademik Lembaga Kursus Demi Music Center

Evolution of technology will bring companies to have appropriate information systems to boost their businesses. Computerized information system is also needed by training courses like Demi Music Center. Demi Music Center realizes that computerized academic information system will help to optimize their business process. The purpose of this research is to analyze the operational business processes and academic administration at the DMC to determine deficiencies and problems occurred, then to provide a draft proposal of the new system in the DMC.. The method used is the method of analysis and design. Data collection methods used in this study was a survey, interviews, and literature. Outcome of this research is a design of academic information system based on desktop application. System can generate report easily and manage the data. Implementation of computerized academic information system can leverage the performance and increase efficiency of business process at Demi Music Center.

Draft Proposal for a Standard Translation of the Colophon by JeongIn-ji to the Hunminjeongeum Haerye Edition

Draft Proposal for a Standard Translation of the Colophon by JeongIn-ji to the Hunminjeongeum Haerye Edition

ChemInform Abstract: Hazard Property Classification of Waste According to the Recent Propositions of the EC Using Different Methods

AbstractReview: 24 refs.

The Blanket Prohibition of Disclosure of Corporate Statements Contained in Article 6(1) of the Proposed Directive for Actions for Antitrust Damages: Proportional Safeguard of Public Enforcement or Insurmountable Burden for Claimants?

The present paper will examine whether the blanket prohibition of disclosure of corporate statements contained in Article 6(1) of the draft proposal on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of the European Union is necessary to safeguard the attractiveness of the Commission's leniency programme or whether it represents an insurmountable burden for claimants that will in the long run severely hamper the private enforcement of EU Competition law (a most unfortunate outcome considering the main objective of the proposed Directive is precisely the opposite). On the one hand, excessive protection of leniency applicants' clemency submissions may lead to useless litigation and ultimately render the private enforcement of competition law in the EU pointless, as claimants are denied (purportedly) essential evidence for building stout damages cases. On the other hand, a more permissive approach towards the disclosure of such information may cripple the public enforcement of Competition law by discouraging cartelists to come forward in the first place. Given the fact that follow-on claims constitute a lion's share of current actions for antitrust damages brought in the EU, such a result would almost certainly have catastrophic consequences for individuals' right to compensation for the harm caused by infringements of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union as recognised by the European Court of Justice in the Courage and Crehan and Manfredi and others judgments. We conclude that the Commission seems to be privileging immunity recipients at the cost of injured parties by imposing remedies that are too far reaching for the protection of the effectiveness of the leniency programmes, especially taking into consideration the lack of conclusive evidence proving that disclosure of corporate statements would discourage potential leniency applicants from collaborating with the competition authorities in the first place. In light of this, we contend that a case-by-case approach such as the one envisaged by the European Court of Justice in Pfleiderer is more adequate to strike the balance between the injured parties’ right to redress and the effectiveness of the leniency programmes – at least for the time being.

Polskie prawo autorskie po dwudziestu latach obowiązywania ustawy z 4 lutego 1994 r.

Ustawa o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych z 4 lutego 1994 r. powstała w nowych warunkach ustrojowych, krótko po pierwszym okresie transformacji gospodarczo-politycznej oraz w przeddzień przystąpienia przez Polskę do Unii Europejskiej. Przesądzało to konieczność jej dostosowania do nowych założeń ustrojowych oraz do standardów unijnychCechą charakterystyczną tej ustawy jest nawiązanie do bogatej polskiej tradycji szeroko ujętej ochrony autorskiej przyjętej na gruncie międzywojennej ustawy o prawie autorskim z 1926 r. Nawiązanie to odnosiło się przede wszystkim do ujęcia przedmiotu ochrony autorskiej oraz treści prawa autorskiego. Obejmuje ono autorskie prawa osobiste, nieograniczone w czasie, ujęte jako uniwersalne i niezbywalne oraz realizowane, po śmierci twórcy, przez jego bliskich. Na prawo autorskie składają się również autorskie prawa majątkowe, powstające w następstwie faktu stworzenia utworu. Prawa majątkowe ujęte zostały w nawiązaniu do treści prawa własności i służą twórcy na wszystkich znanych i powstałych w przyszłości polach eksploatacji, ujęte erga omnes, z uwzględnieniem konsekwencji niematerialnego charakteru utworu. Obejmują one wyłączność korzystania i rozporządzania utworem wszelkimi sposobami, o ile ustawa nie wprowadziła ograniczeń na rzecz dozwolonego użytku. Ochrona ta ma charakter czasowy; początkowo trwała 50 lat post mortem auctoris, obecnie – 70 lat. Cechą nowej regulacji jest wyłączenie pełnej rozporządzalności autorskimi prawami majątkowymi. W określonych przypadkach twórcy służy niezbywalne prawo do wynagrodzenia oraz przymusowe pośrednictwo organizacji zbiorowego zarządzania prawami autorskimi lub pokrewnymi. Novum jest uregulowanie zbiorowego zarządzania prawami autorskimi, w tym przyjęcie systemu zatwierdzania tabel wynagrodzeń dochodzonych przez organizację zbiorowego zarządzania (OZZ) w ramach zbiorowego zarządzania, a także powołanie Komisji Prawa Autorskiego z zadaniem zatwierdzania tabel wynagrodzeń przedkładanych przez OZZ. Znamienną cechą ustawy jest wprowadzenie szeroko ujętej odpowiedzialności za naruszenie praw autorskich, zarówno osobistych, jak i majątkowych, środkami cywilnymi i karnymi.Ustawa była wielokrotnie nowelizowana. W odróżnieniu jednak od gruntownych prac nad tekstem pierwotnym i szeroko zakrojonymi pracami nad ustawą w pierwszym okresie jej obowiązywania, poczynając od roku 2003, proces legislacyjny, którego efektem były kolejne nowelizacje, w tym ostatnia z 2010, nasuwa szereg zastrzeżeń co do zachowania proporcjonalności, legislacyjnej poprawności i społecznej sprawiedliwości, zwłaszcza w należytym zabezpieczeniu praw twórców i artystów, jako strony słabszej na rynku autorskim. Również ostatnie projekty zmian uzasadniają poważne zastrzeżenia, co do zachowania niezbędnej równowagi, jak również co do legislacyjnej poprawności. Znajduje to wyraz w wadliwej regulacji problematyki audiowizualnej, błędów i luk w regulacji dotyczącej działania Komisji Prawa Autorskiego, systemu zatwierdzania tabel wynagrodzeń, a w szczególności zasad szczególnych dotyczących opłat rekompensujących skutki kopiowania utworów w ramach własnego użytku osobistego.Istotne zastrzeżenia budzą ostatnio opublikowane propozycje zmian, w szczególności dotyczące dzieł tzw. osieroconych. Szczególnie dotkliwe jest niepodejmowania w pracach legislacyjnych zagadnień spornych pomiędzy organizacjami użytkowników i twórców oraz artystów z obszarów od wielu lat wymagających regulacji, takich jak problematyka tantiem audiowizualnych oraz reemisji.

Accuracy control method for space complex products at the stage of design engineering

The paper discusses the tasks of controlling the required accuracy of space complex products at the stage of design engineering. The product accuracy at the stage of design engineering is viewed as a system characteristic encompassing the whole set of singular requirements for product accuracy defined at the stage of the draft proposal. The method is based on the concept of a standardized accuracy design property which is used to fix the whole number of singular requirements for product accuracy defined by the draft proposal. All the requirements for the product accuracy implemented at the stage of design engineering are reduced to a reference quantity of standardized accuracy design properties defined in the draft proposal to confirm (or disconfirm) their matching each other.

More transparency for clinical trial data: The decision by the European Medicines Agency to make clinical trial reports publicly available could provide a boon for biomedical research.

More transparency for clinical trial data: The decision by the European Medicines Agency to make clinical trial reports publicly available could provide a boon for biomedical research.

Aldo Leopold’s unrealized proposals to rethink economics

The writings of Aldo Leopold (1887–1948), in particular his essay “The Land Ethic” in A Sand County Almanac, constitute a milestone in the discourse on human–environment relationships. During his career, Leopold witnessed several cases of land degradation that were caused by unbridled economic activity. The objective of this article is to examine two sets of draft proposals prepared by Leopold for the purpose of rethinking economics along conservation and ecological principles. The first is a set of four draft prospectuses written during the 1930s to pursue research on “conservation economics.” The focus here was on developing economic tools to promote conservation. The second is a draft memo written in late 1947 to propose creating a position in “ecological economics” at the University of Wisconsin, with the conservationist William Vogt (1902–1968) as candidate. Leopold was inspired by the work of Vogt in analyzing human–land interaction according to ecological principles. Unfortunately, Leopold passed away in April 1948. This article concludes with a discussion of Vogt’s thinking on conservation up to that time, including his 1948 book Road to Survival, to provide a sense of the foundational work that would have gone into the development of Leopold and Vogt’s “ecological economics.”

Method for problem solution of product structure optimum automated formation

In this paper the improved method of product optimal composition at an engineering plant has been suggested according to the complex approach. The method uses a multi-component model of the specification tree and model of product optimal composition selection taking into account the ranking of selection criteria. By means of the Pareto plurality formation, the ranking selection criteria, the use of method of paired comparisons and adaptive integral optimality criterion it has been determined the possibility for flexible response to the changes in market conjuncture and the prospects for the production situation which makes it possible to coordinate the priorities assessments between the customer and the manufacturer. Thus, based on the existing nomenclature in the enterprise, the above-stated method allows to offer the most effective solution for the designer which forms the draft proposal to the potential customer taking into consideration particular individual requirements.

Forestry Experimental Stations: Russian Proposals of the 1870s

The first forestry experimental stations in Europe appeared in the 1860–1870s. Russia also had draft proposals for such stations around this time. Discussions about forestry experimental stations began in the 1870s, soon after the Forestry Society of St. Petersburg was established with the support of the Forestry Department. Leading experts in forestry proposed that two ‘central’ experimental stations (at the Forestry Institute and Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy) should be established and that these should be linked to a further 20 ‘local’ stations. The proposal described in detail the organization of the stations, especially the meteorological department, the model for which was the Bavarian forest-meteorology network created by Ernst Ebermayer. The Russian proposal also contained new ideas on how to study soil moisture dynamics under the forest canopy. Despite productive discussions the network of Russian forestry experimental stations never materialized – probably because of the Russo-Turkish war. The institutionalization of forestry experimentation eventually took place in Russia in the 1890s. This was in response to the 1891–1892 drought and famine, which prompted the organization of the so-called Special Expedition under the supervision of Vasily Dokuchaev.