Combination Of Doxycycline Research Articles

Direct Reprogramming of the Marmoset Dermal Fibroblasts into Neural Stem Cells and Neurons

AbstractBackgroundThe neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are characterized by the accumulation of beta‐amyloid (Ab) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of a hyperphosphorylated form of the microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) in the brain. However, Ab and tau accumulate in the brain decades before the clinical symptoms emerge and the biological basis for the relationship between abnormal aggregation of AD‐related proteins and neuronal deterioration remains unknown. Cell models play an imperative role in understanding the pathogenesis of the disorder. For this, the present studies aimed to establish a marmoset induced neurons directly converted from fibroblasts (induced neurons; iNs) as well as induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) that are further differentiated into neurons to quantify the spontaneous presence of AD‐related pathology in marmoset cell cultures in vitro.MethodMarmoset fibroblasts were cultured from skin biopsies and reprogrammed into iNSCs by transfection with episomal reprogramming vectors carrying the Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Lin28, Klf4, and L‐Myc and culture in the presence of small molecule inhibitors CHIR99021 and SB431542. The iNSCs were subsequently differentiated into neurons. Direct neuronal conversion from the marmoset fibroblast was performed by co‐overexpression of Ngn2 and Ascl1 under the control of the doxycycline‐inducible tetOn promoter and supplementation of medium containing doxycycline in combination with a defined cocktail of small molecule‐based pathway modulators.ResultHighly proliferative marmoset iNSCs were established and expressed neural stem cell markers, including Sox2 and Pax6 when detected by immunofluorescence. iNSCs were differentiated into neurons and stained the neuron‐specific markers such as Tuj1, Map2, and NeuN. The Ngn2 and Ascl1 overexpressed marmoset fibroblasts underwent a morphological change into a neuron‐like structure within a few hours of neuronal induction and the resultant iNs were expressed the pan‐neuronal markers in the neurite‐like projection and cell bodies.ConclusionThe directly reprogrammed iNSC and iNs have been shown to have neuronal characteristics and offer a cellular model system to quantify the natural incidence of AD‐related pathology in marmosets. The marmoset cellular system of AD will provide mechanistic insight into the etiology of the disease and may serve as a beneficial tool for drug discovery to treat the disorder.

2662. Efficacy of Sitafloxacin and Doxycycline Combination Therapy as a Salvage Treatment for Refractory Mycoplasma genitalium Infection

Abstract Background The prevalence of resistant strains of Mycoplasma genitalium has increased over the past few decades, leading to limited treatment options. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sitafloxacin and doxycycline combination therapy as a salvage treatment for refractory rectal and urogenital M. genitalium infections. Methods Men who have sex with men (MSM) diagnosed to have M. genitalium infection from urine samples or rectal swabs using a PCR assay were evaluated and administered sitafloxacin 200 mg and doxycycline 200 mg daily for 21 days. Each sample was tested for 23rRNA, parC, and gyrA mutations before and if a failure after the treatment. Results A total of 27 MSMs were included. The median age was 33 years (range 21-47), and 33.3% (9/27) were people with HIV(PWH) (Table). Among PWH, the median CD4 count was 642, and all were virally suppressed with antiretroviral therapy. Positive samples included 22 rectal and 5 urine specimens. The time to test of cure(TOC) was 14 days (range 0-227). In the two failure cases 9 and 20, the TOC was conducted too early, and it was rechecked after 21 days following treatment completion; both rechecked TOCs were positive. ParC mutations were detected in 100%(23/23) of the samples, gyrA mutations in 66.7%(16/24) and ,macrolide-resistance associated mutations in 100%(22/22). Among the parC mutations, 95.7%(22/23) was G248T(S83I), while 4.3%(1/23) was G259T(D87Y). The overall cure rate was 81.5%. The cure for rectal infection was 81.8%(18/22), while the cure rate for urogenital infection was 80%(4/5). No significant difference was observed between the anatomical sites (p=0.924). The cure rate for strains harboring parC mutation and wild-type in gyrA was 85.7% (6/7), whereas the cure rate for the strain harboring parC mutation and gyrA mutation was 73.3%(11/15). No significant difference was found regardless of gyrA mutations (p=0.519). Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the cure rate between TOC < 21 days and >= 21 days (p=0.964). Cases of Mycoplasma genitalium treatment and antimicrobial-resistance profiles in participants before and after treatment with the combination therapy Conclusion The combination therapy showed high efficacy of 81.5% for highly resistant M. genitalium infection and can be considered as a salvage treatment option for refractory cases. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Efficacy of Sitafloxacin for Mycoplasma genitalium in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium is rising globally and antimicrobial options are limited. We evaluated the efficacy of sitafloxacin regimens for macrolide-resistant M genitalium at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia, between January 2017 and February 2022. Before June 2017, patients received doxycycline followed by sitafloxacin; subsequently, patients received doxycycline followed by combined doxycycline + sitafloxacin. Of 229 patients treated with a sitafloxacin regimen, 80.6% experienced microbial cure. Sitafloxacin cured 94.2% of infections that had not previously failed moxifloxacin and 69.5% of infections that had; prior failure of moxifloxacin was associated with an 8-fold odds of sitafloxacin failure. There was no difference in cure between sequential monotherapy and combination therapy when patients were stratified by past failure of moxifloxacin (P > .05); however, small numbers limited comparisons. Sitafloxacin was well tolerated and still achieved 70% cure in patients in whom moxifloxacin had failed. These data highlight the benefit of incorporating relevant fluoroquinolone resistance markers into assays to assist clinical decision making.

Single-dose cefixime 800 mg plus doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for 7 days compared with single-dose ceftriaxone 1 g plus single-dose azithromycin 2 g for treatment of urogenital, rectal, and pharyngeal gonorrhoea: a randomised clinical trial

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a single dose of oral cefixime 800 mg plus oral doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for 7 days, compared with a recommended single dose of ceftriaxone plus single dose of oral azithromycin, for treatment of uncomplicated urogenital, rectal, or pharyngeal gonorrhoea. MethodsA noninferiority, open-label, multicentre randomized controlled trial was conducted in Prague, Czech Republic. Some 161 patients, 18–65 years of age diagnosed with uncomplicated urogenital, rectal, or pharyngeal gonorrhoea by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) were randomized to treatment with single dose of cefixime 800 mg plus doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for 1 week or a single dose of ceftriaxone 1 g intramuscularly plus single dose of azithromycin 2 g. The primary outcome was the number of participants with negative culture and NAAT at 1 week and 3 weeks, respectively, after treatment initiation. ResultsIn all, 161 patients were randomized and 152 were included in per-protocol analyses. All 76 (100%; 95% CI, 0.95–1.00) patients treated with ceftriaxone plus azithromycin achieved negative cultures and NAAT after treatment. In the cefixime plus doxycycline arm at week 1, culture was negative in all 76 (100%) patients; at week 3, culture was negative in 70 of the 76 patients (92%; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97) and NAAT negative in 66 of the 76 patients (87%; 95% CI, 0.77–0.94). At week 3, culture and NAAT were negative in 65 of the 76 patients (86%; 95% CI, 0.76–0.93). Per-protocol risk difference was 14.5%; 95% CI, 6.56–22.38. All treatment failures observed in the cefixime arm were pharyngeal gonorrhoea cases. DiscussionThe combination of cefixime and doxycycline did not achieve noninferiority to ceftriaxone and azithromycin for treatment of gonorrhoea when including pharyngeal gonorrhoea. It did, however, show high efficacy for urogenital and rectal gonorrhoea.

Clinical characteristics of a case of severe pneumonia caused by coinfection of COVID-19 and Chlamydia Psittaci

A 69-year-old female patient was admitted to the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University due to a "cough and fever for eight days". On admission, a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) nucleic acid test was positive, and a chest CT scan showed progressive patchy shadows and consolidation shadows in both lungs. Arterial blood gas analysis showed type Ⅰ respiratory failure. The primary diagnosis was severe community-acquired pneumonia in an older adult without underlying disease. However, oxygen inhalation, steroid, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial empirical treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam was ineffective. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoscopy alveolar lavage fluid showed Chlamydia psittaci(C. psittaci). Severe pneumonia was confirmed, caused by coinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and C. psittaci. A combination of doxycycline and moxifloxacin significantly improved the targeted and symptomatic treatment of the underlying cause. After discharge, the patient recovered within four weeks of follow-up. Therefore, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of coinfection of C. psittaci in patients already diagnosed with COVID-19.

Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of brucellosis in humans and animals

Brucella genus is Gram-negative coccobacilli that cause a zoonotic disease called brucellosis in humans and animals. 12 species have been identified for Brucella, among which four species, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella abortus, and Brucella canis, commonly cause disease in humans and animals. Brucellosis is transmissible and there are different types of transmission such as animal-to-human (dairy and meat consumption), human-to-human (placenta, breastfeeding, sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and bone marrow transplantation), and animal-to-animal (aerosol-containing Brucella, placenta and sexual intercourse). Due to having virulence factors such as type IV secretion system (T4SS), superoxide dismutase enzyme, BvrS/BvrR two-component system, LPS with O chain, and cyclic beta-glucan, Brucella can survive and replicate intracellularly and cause disease. Fever, excessive sweating, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, loss of appetite, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, spondylitis, and arthritis are the clinical manifestations of brucellosis in humans. In animals, complications such as abortion, weak calf birth, reduced fertility, endometritis, reduced milk production, orchitis, epididymis, and hygroma may be observed. To diagnose brucellosis, a direct method such as culture or indirect and serological methods such as the Rose Bengal test (RBT), tube standard agglutination test (SAT), 2-mercaptoethanol test, Coombs test, and ELISA are used. According to the condition of the patient, the combination of doxycycline with streptomycin, gentamicin, or rifampin is used to treat brucellosis. While animals with brucellosis are not treated and are slaughtered. No vaccine against brucellosis has been approved for humans yet. But for animals, S19, Rev.1, S2, RB51, and SR82 vaccines are used for prevention. Development and approval of brucellosis vaccine for humans, wider use of animal vaccines, and timely diagnosis of suspected cases will help to better control brucellosis and prevent economic consequences.

Effect of combination of doxycycline with natural products against planktonic cells, biofilm, and virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Effect of combination of doxycycline with natural products against planktonic cells, biofilm, and virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Effect of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine on Activity of Doxycycline against Biofilm-Forming Bacterial Strains.

Biofilm-forming bacteria are associated with difficult-to-cure bacterial infections in veterinary patients. According to previous studies, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) showed an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation when it was applied in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones. The lack of information about the effect of NAC on doxycycline activity against biofilm-forming strains was the reason for conducting this study. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus O74, Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ATCC 27853 were used to evaluate the activity of doxycycline with and without addition of NAC on planktonic bacteria and on biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of doxycycline were not affected by NAC for Gram-negative strains and were found to be two times higher for the strains of S. aureus. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) for Gram-negative bacteria (2 μg/mL for E. coli ATCC 25922 and 32 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853), determined using a standard safranin colorimetric assay, were higher than the MICs (0.5 and 4 μg/mL, respectively). The data suggest that the combinations of doxycycline and NAC could stimulate the growth of planktonic cells of S. aureus and biofilm-forming E. coli ATCC 25922. NAC did not affect the strong inhibitory effect of doxycycline on the biofilm formation by the strains of S. aureus.

Ivermectin and doxycycline treatments against Onchocerciasis: Adaptations and impact among semi-nomadic population in Massangam Health District, Cameroon.

We trialed strategies to reach semi-nomadic population with interventions targeting onchocerciasis including a combination of community knowledge and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology; nomad-specific sensitization; and mobile outreach. The interventions included ivermectin (ivm) mass drug administration (MDA) and treating infected individuals (found upon skin snip microscopy test) with doxycycline for 35 days. Microscopy-negative snips were further tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). After 8 months, individuals immigrating or emigrating constituted 47% of the initial population; 59% of individuals not born in the area have immigrated during the last five years; 28% (age>9) reportedly never taken ivm; 72% (compared to 51% previously) of eligible population (age ≥ 5 years) took ivm; and 47% (age > 8, not pregnant, not breastfeeding, not severely ill,) participated in the test. A high prevalence of onchocerciasis,15.1%, was found upon microscopy & PCR test; 9/10 tested by skin snip microscopy and PCR at follow-up were all negative. Microfilaria prevalence and intensity upon skin snip microscopy reduced significantly from baseline following the intervention (8.9% to 4.1%, p = 0.032; 0.18 to 0.16, p = 0.013, respectively). The strategies considerably increased reach to nomadic camps. Treating with doxycycline in combination with ivm is feasible and has led to a significant reduction in infection level within one year among the semi-nomads. Being potentially curative in one intervention round, this combination should be considered for population group faced with challenges of achieving adequate coverage and adhesion to ivm MDA over prolonged period (>10 years).

The effect of manure-borne doxycycline combined with different types of oversized microplastic contamination layers on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in sandy loam

The different forms and properties of microplastics (MPs) have different effects on the elemental cycles in soil ecosystems, and this is further complicated when the soil contains antibiotics; meanwhile, oversized microplastic (OMP) in soil is always ignored in studies of environmental behavior. In the context of antibiotic action, the effects of OMP on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling have rarely been explored. In this study, we created four types of oversized microplastic (thick fibers, thin fibers, large debris, and small debris) composite doxycycline (DOX) contamination layers (5–10 cm) in sandy loam, hoping to reveal the effects on soil C and N cycling and potential microbial mechanisms when exposed to the combination of manure-borne DOX and different types of OMP from the perspective of metagenomics in the longitudinal soil layer (0–30 cm). The results showed that all different forms of OMP, when combined with DOX, reduced the soil C content in each layer, but only reduced the soil N content in the upper layer of the OMP contamination layer. The microbial structure of the surface soil (0–10 cm) was more noteworthy than that of the deeper soil (10–30 cm). The genera Chryseolinea and Ohtaekwangia were key microbes involved in C and N cycling in the surface layer and regulated carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (K00134), carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes (K00031), methane metabolism (K11212 and K14941), assimilatory nitrate reduction (K00367), and denitrification (K00376 and K04561). The present study is the first to reveal the potential microbial mechanism of C and N cycling under OMP combined with DOX in different layers, mainly the OMP contamination layer and its upper layer, and the OMP shape plays an important role in this process.

Baicalein Resensitizes Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens to Doxycycline.

As multidrug-resistant pathogens emerge and spread rapidly, novel antibiotics urgently need to be discovered. With a dwindling antibiotic pipeline, antibiotic adjuvants might be used to revitalize existing antibiotics. In recent decades, traditional Chinese medicine has occupied an essential position in adjuvants of antibiotics. This study found that baicalein potentiates doxycycline against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Mechanism studies have shown that baicalein causes membrane disruption by attaching to phospholipids on the Gram-negative bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane. This process facilitates the entry of doxycycline into bacteria. Through collaborative strategies, baicalein can also increase the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibit the activities of multidrug efflux pumps and biofilm formation to potentiate antibiotic efficacy. Additionally, baicalein attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in vitro. Finally, baicalein can significantly improve doxycycline efficacy in mouse lung infection models. The present study showed that baicalein might be considered a lead compound, and it should be further optimized and developed as an adjuvant that helps combat antibiotic resistance. IMPORTANCE Doxycycline is an important broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic used for treating multiple human infections, but its resistance rates are recently rising globally. Thus, new agents capable of boosting the effectiveness of doxycycline need to be discovered. In this study, it was found that baicalein potentiates doxycycline against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in vitro and in vivo. Due to its low cytotoxicity and resistance, the combination of baicalein and doxycycline provides a valuable clinical reference for selecting more effective therapeutic strategies for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates.

Clinical Course and Treatment of Human Brucellosis in a Sample of Hospitalized Cases in Albania

Abstract Brucellosis remains a public health problem in many Mediterranean countries. In this work are presenting data of human brucellosis clinics and treatment in a sample of hospitalized patients. Methods: All patient charts at regional hospital in Gjirokastra, Albania were systematically reviewed, during the period 2016-2021. All hospitalized patients with a laboratory confirmed diagnoses of brucellosis were included in the study. Variables of interest were clinical symptoms, clinical course and treatment provided. Sub-acute brucellosis was defined as clinical persistence of 3-12 months while cases with clinical symptoms persisting for ≥12 months were defined as chronic brucellosis. Results: 79% of the 86 patients were male and residing in rural areas. Fever, profuse sweating and arthralgia were the most common clinical signs. Around 70% of the brucellosis patients showed all these three symptoms. Despite a systematic tendency for more frequent presence of high fever, increased sweating and arthralgia on younger patients we could not find statistically significant differences among demographic categories. 18.6% of cases presented persistence of clinical signs after at least 3 months from the moment of the diagnoses. Almost 7% of the cases were classified as chronic cases. 75.6% of all patients were treated with a combination of doxycycline and ceftriaxone antibiotic regime. Conclusions: The massive use of a cephalosporin in treatment of brucellosis cannot be justified and may reflect a larger problem related to population awareness and health provider attitudes concerning antibiotic use in Albania. The results of this study may assist future interventions to improve brucellosis case management at hospitals or primary health care level as well as national measures at a larger scale for control of the disease.

Unusual Abscess Caused by Brucella Melitensis

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease which any organ can be involved. Soft tissue lesions are rare manifestations of brucellosis. Brucella breast abscess in animal is not uncommon; involvement of the breast in human brucella is extremely rare. Breast abscess involvement was reported to 0.7% of the patient with brucellosis. We report the microbiological findings of breast abscess due to brucella. A 38-year-old woman living in the rural area of Kerman, Iran, presented with an abscess in the right breast. The sampling of the abscess aspiration and preparation of smears showed inflammatory fluid. Culture and PCR performed from the sample identified the presence of Brucella melitensis. The lesion had diminished in size after 8 weeks of treatment with combined doxycycline and rifampin. The possibility of breast abscess being caused by Brucella should be considered in countries, especially in endemic regions. Besides, isolated Brucella spp from microbiological cultures is important for a definitive diagnosis.

A Study of the Efficacy of Doxycycline plus Trifarotene in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acne Vulgaris

Introduction: Acne is a common cutaneous disease affecting the pilosebaceous apparatus, in which there is hyperkeratinization, excessive sebum production, follicular colonization with Propionibacteriun acnes & inflammation. It manifests as comedones, papules, pustules, nodules & cysts on the face, neck, and trunk. Epidemiologic studies indicate acne affects approximately 9.4% of the global population, ranking it as the eighth most prevalent disease worldwide. It is a common skin condition of the face and trunk that negatively impacts the quality of life. Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of oral doxycycline in combination with topical trifarotene in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris. Methods: This was an interventional study for 12-week duration to see the treatment outcome in moderate & severe acne patients. This study was carried out at the Dept. of Dermatology & Venereology, Enam medical college Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2022 to September 2022. We evaluated a new therapeutic regimen: Doxycycline 100 mg (Oral) once daily during dinner with food and enough water,21 days / month, for three consecutive months along with topical Trifarotene 0.005%w/w once daily at night after proper cleansing for the same duration. Acne severity was graded using Investigator Global Acne Assessment Scale (IGAS). Results: A total of 96 patients with moderate to severe acne were treated & among them 85 completed this study. Out of these 85, 15 are males & 70 are females. There was a marked improvement in IGAS with marked reduction in the number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions between the beginning of the study and through follow up visits. Clinical response to Doxycycline Plus Trifarotene was excellent in 15%, good in 68%, moderate in 14% and mild in 3% and satisfaction to treatment was 22% very satisfied, 60% satisfied and 17% somewhat satisfied. Side effects were low and only 2.1% of cases had mild irritation. ........

Which trial do we need? Doxycycline in combination with ceftriaxone for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

Which trial do we need? Doxycycline in combination with ceftriaxone for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

Prolonged Fever in a Child With Congenital Heart Disease and a Prosthetic Valve.

Prolonged Fever in a Child With Congenital Heart Disease and a Prosthetic Valve.

Efficacy of oral, topical and extended-release injectable formulations of moxidectin combined with doxycycline in Dirofilaria immitis naturally infected dogs

BackgroundSeveral studies in both experimentally and naturally infected dogs have reported the adulticide effect of a combination of macrocyclic lactones and doxycycline against Dirofilaria immitis, showing that these protocols can be used as an alternative to melarsomine. The present study evaluated the efficacy of oral, topical and extended-release injectable formulations of moxidectin when combined with doxycycline in dogs naturally infected with D. immitis from a shelter located in southern Italy.MethodsThirty dogs with naturally acquired D. immitis infection were divided in three groups (G) and treated with oral moxidectin (G1) once a month for 9 consecutive months, topical moxidectin (G2) once a month for 9 consecutive months or extended release moxidectin injectable (G3) at enrolment and again at 6 months (Day 180). All treatment groups received doxycycline for the first 30 days. Microfilarial concentrations in 1 ml (mff/ml) blood were determined monthly for 9 months with the modified Knott’s test. A clinical scoring system was employed for each dog enrolled in the study based on thoracic radiography and cardiac ultrasound (CU) examinations performed at Day − 15 (before treatment) and at Day 180.ResultsResults from the present study suggest that the majority of dogs from all treatment groups became antigen negative, as evaluated at Day 270: 9/10 dogs (90.0%) from G1, 6/10 dogs (60.0%) from G2 and 8/10 dogs (80.0%) from G3. Improvement of radiographic alterations was observed in all treatment groups, and almost all dogs were cleared of pulmonary abnormalities by 6 months from the beginning of treatment (P = 0.000). Cardiac ultrasound examination showed a progressive improvement of cardiac function in a limited number of animals (4/30).ConclusionsThe combination of doxycycline and three different formulations of moxidectin leads to antigen-negative status in naturally infected dogs.

Efficient removal of doxycycline using Schwertmannite as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst over a wide pH range

Residual doxycycline (DOX) in the aquatic environment has received a considerable amount of critical attention due to its toxicity and widespread distribution in the environment. This study explored a simplified and rapid method to remove DOX over a wide pH range (pH = 2–10). Schwertmannite (SCH) was synthesized using biological methods to remove DOX in combination with H2O2. The results showed that 98.52% of DOX and 57.35% of total organic carbon (TOC) was removed over 30 min at 50 ºC without any external energy input, where the addition of SCH and H2O2 was 1.6 g/L and 71 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the DOX removal efficiency was 98.18% at 50 ºC over 30 min and 97.70% of DOX could even be removed at 10 ºC when the reaction time was prolonged to 120 min. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were the main oxidative species. Moreover, the removal efficiencies of DOX after 3 h in the SCH/H2O2 system were 26.97%, 31.54%, 39.23%, 47.07%, 68.43%, 88.92%, and 97.64% in actual aquaculture wastewater when the COD concentrations was 7000, 5000, 3000, 1000, 500, 200, and 100 mg/L, respectively. The results of this study provided a simple and rapid method for removing DOX from DOX-containing wastewater.

УРОГЕНИТАЛЬНЫЙ ХЛАМИДИОЗ: ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ

This scientific article presents a study of the effectiveness and safety of antibacterial therapy in the treatment of chlamydia infection. The article highlights the seriousness of chlamydial infections due to their high prevalence and the possibility of serious complications, such as infertility, chronic pelvic pain and an increased risk of infection. The study involved 80 women with chlamydia infection, divided into two groups who received different antibacterial treatment. The results obtained show that the combination of doxycycline and eubiotic bifiform is more effective than levofloxacin and eubiotic bifiform in achieving clinical and bacteriological efficacy. The study concluded that doxycycline remains the recommended first-line antibiotic for the treatment of chlamydia infection.

Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) Formulation of Quinine Sulphate-Doxycycline (Qidox) for Malaria Therapy

Background: One of the deadliest parasite infections is malaria. A combination of quinine sulphate and doxycycline is another therapeutic option for malaria that is resistant to chloroquine and is anticipated to be able to both combat the issue of anti-malarial medication resistance as well as the compliance to malaria therapy that is still raging in certain locations of Indonesia. Aim: This study will focus on evaluating the possibility of interaction between quinine sulphate and doxycycline followed by formulating the fixed-dose combination of both active pharmaceutical ingredients. Method: The study was designed as a laboratory experiment and applied some examinations. The examination from the organoleptic test of active pharmaceutical ingredients powder, crystallography analysis, and physical analysis of fixed-dose tablet including hardness, friability, and disintegration time testing. Result: The crystallography study reported there was no physical interaction found between quinine sulphate and doxycycline. The formula found excellent tablet printability with a composition of Quinine sulphate and doxycycline (Qidox). Conclusion: quinine sulphate with doxycycline can be combined into one tablet as Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC).