File Download Research Articles

A dual-direction technique for fast file downloads with dynamic load balancing in the Cloud

File downloads make up a large percentage of the Internet traffic to satisfy various clients using distributed environments for their Cloud, Grid and Internet applications. In particular, the Cloud has become a popular data storage provider and users (individuals and corporates) are relying heavily on it to keep their data. Furthermore, most cloud data servers replicate their data storage infrastructures and servers at various sites to meet the overall high demands of their clients and increase availability. However, most of them do not use that replication to enhance the download performance per client. To make use of this redundancy and to enhance the download speed, we introduce a fast and efficient concurrent technique for downloading large files from replicated Cloud data servers and traditional FTP servers as well. The technique, DDFTP utilizes the availability of replicated files on distributed servers to enhance file download times through concurrent downloads of file blocks from opposite directions in the files. DDFTP does not require coordination between the servers and relies on the in-order and reliability features of TCP to provide fast file downloads. In addition, DDFTP offers efficient load balancing among multiple heterogeneous data servers with minimal overhead. As a result, we can maximize network utilization while maintaining efficient load balancing on dynamic environments where resources, current loads and operational properties vary dynamically. We implemented and evaluated DDFTP and experimentally demonstrated considerable performance gains for file downloads compared to other concurrent/parallel file/data download models.

Medical Teaching Resources for Faculty Developers

OPEN ACCESSFebruary 4, 2013Medical Teaching Resources for Faculty Developers Kalyani Premkumar, MD, PhD, Marcel D'Eon, PhD, MEd, Deirdre Bonnycastle Kalyani Premkumar, MD, PhD University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine Google Scholar More articles by this author , Marcel D'Eon, PhD, MEd College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Google Scholar More articles by this author , Deirdre Bonnycastle College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.9336 SectionsAbout ToolsDownload Citations ShareFacebookTwitterEmail AbstractAbstractThis module is a collection of 40 video vignettes developed for use by faculty developers in a variety of settings. The vignettes depict effective and ineffective teaching methods. There is an accompanying resource manual with guiding questions and suggestions for how the vignettes may be used in training.While many of the video vignettes target those who train medical faculty, others may be used by those involved in training the learners at all educational levels. Each video has been kept deliberately short so that it can be used to quickly demonstrate a technique, or as a starter for discussions. Using these, participants may be asked to critically analyze good and not-so-good ways of teaching. This DVD is divided into four major categories: presentation skills, active learning strategies, small-group teaching, and clinical teaching. Each category has been further divided into specific teaching methods. Questions added under each of the categories, may be used to actively engage participants watching the videos. This resource has been used as part of the 2-day Teaching Improvement Project Systems (TIPS) workshops to train faculty and residents at the College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada. TIPS is mandatory for all new faculty. All residents take TIPS in their first and second year of training. During TIPS, these videos are used to trigger discussions, as well as identify effective and ineffective teaching methods. Educational Objectives By the end of this module, the learner will be able to: Describe and create an effective presentation with the goal to having learners achieve specific objectives.Utilize structured controversy as an active learning strategy for teaching large classes.Utilize small group teaching techniques to actively involve students in learning cooperatively.Utilize a systematic approach to teach skills and procedures.Provide feedback in a clinical setting. Sign up for the latest publications from MedEdPORTAL Add your email below FILES INCLUDEDReferencesRelatedDetails FILES INCLUDED Included in this publication: Instructor Manual.pdf VIDEO_TS Folder To view all publication components, extract (i.e., unzip) them from the downloaded .zip file. This publication includes large downloadable files. If you experience difficulty downloading these files, please contact [email protected] to receive a free DVD version via mail. Download Copyright & Permissions© 2013 Premkumar et al. This is an open-access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike license.KeywordsFeedbackSmall GroupPresentations Disclosures None to report. Funding/Support None to report. Loading ...

Continuous automated imaging-in-flow cytometry for detection and early warning of Karenia brevis blooms in the Gulf of Mexico

Monitoring programs for harmful algal blooms (HABs) typically rely on time-consuming manual methods for identification and enumeration of phytoplankton, which make it difficult to obtain results with sufficient temporal resolution for early warning. Continuous automated imaging-in-flow by the Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) deployed at Port Aransas, TX has provided early warnings of six HAB events. Here we describe the progress in automating this early warning system for blooms of Karenia brevis. In 2009, manual inspection of IFCB images in mid-August 2009 provided early warning for a Karenia bloom that developed in mid-September. Images from 2009 were used to develop an automated classifier that was employed in 2011. Successful implementation of automated file downloading, processing and image classification allowed results to be available within 4 h after collection and to be sent to state agency representatives by email for early warning of HABs. No human illness (neurotoxic shellfish poisoning) has resulted from these events. In contrast to the common assumption that Karenia blooms are near monospecific, post-bloom analysis of the time series revealed that Karenia cells comprised at most 60-75 % of the total microplankton.

PolySac3DB: an annotated data base of 3 dimensional structures of polysaccharides

Polysaccharides are ubiquitously present in the living world. Their structural versatility makes them important and interesting components in numerous biological and technological processes ranging from structural stabilization to a variety of immunologically important molecular recognition events. The knowledge of polysaccharide three-dimensional (3D) structure is important in studying carbohydrate-mediated host-pathogen interactions, interactions with other bio-macromolecules, drug design and vaccine development as well as material science applications or production of bio-ethanol. PolySac3DB is an annotated database that contains the 3D structural information of 157 polysaccharide entries that have been collected from an extensive screening of scientific literature. They have been systematically organized using standard names in the field of carbohydrate research into 18 categories representing polysaccharide families. Structure-related information includes the saccharides making up the repeat unit(s) and their glycosidic linkages, the expanded 3D representation of the repeat unit, unit cell dimensions and space group, helix type, diffraction diagram(s) (when applicable), experimental and/or simulation methods used for structure description, link to the abstract of the publication, reference and the atomic coordinate files for visualization and download. The database is accompanied by a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). It features interactive displays of polysaccharide structures and customized search options for beginners and experts, respectively. The site also serves as an information portal for polysaccharide structure determination techniques. The web-interface also references external links where other carbohydrate-related resources are available. PolySac3DB is established to maintain information on the detailed 3D structures of polysaccharides. All the data and features are available via the web-interface utilizing the search engine and can be accessed at http://polysac3db.cermav.cnrs.fr .

On the expected file download time of the random time-based switching algorithm in P2P networks

The expected file download time of the random time-based switching algorithm for peer selection and file downloading in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network is still unknown. The main contribution of this paper is to analyze the expected file download time of the time-based switching algorithm for file sharing in P2P networks when the service capacity of a source peer is totally correlated over time, namely, the service capacities of a source peer in different time slots are a fixed value. A recurrence relation is developed to characterize the expected file download time of the time-based switching algorithm. It is proved that for two or more heterogeneous source peers and sufficiently large file size, the expected file download time of the time-based switching algorithm is less than and can be arbitrarily less than the expected download time of the chunk-based switching algorithm and the expected download time of the permanent connection algorithm. It is shown that the expected file download time of the time-based switching algorithm is in the range of the file size divided by the harmonic mean of service capacities and the file size divided by the arithmetic mean of service capacities. Numerical examples and data are presented to demonstrate our analytical results.

Guide for Authors

The Asian Journal of Biodiversity is one of the research journals of Liceo de Cagayan University. The journal is published once a year in January. For paper submission, the paper must be an original copy, about 5,000 words, single-spaced, and with tables and figures. The research abstract must have 200 words and at least 5 keywords or phrases. Â A complete Data. Click Download Files

Fort Wayne Area Interprofessional Consortium for Health Care Education: Interprofessional Education Seminar Series

OPEN ACCESSDecember 17, 2012Fort Wayne Area Interprofessional Consortium for Health Care Education: Interprofessional Education Seminar Series Dawn LaBarbera, PhD, PA-C, BA, MS, Mary Kiersma, PhD, PharmD, Mindy Yoder, DNP, FNP-BC, RN, Ana Maldonado, BS, MPH, DHSc, PA-C, Deborah Poling, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, CNE Dawn LaBarbera, PhD, PA-C, BA, MS University of Saint Francis Google Scholar More articles by this author , Mary Kiersma, PhD, PharmD University of Manchester College of Pharmacy Google Scholar More articles by this author , Mindy Yoder, DNP, FNP-BC, RN University of Saint Francis School of Nursing Google Scholar More articles by this author , Ana Maldonado, BS, MPH, DHSc, PA-C Joint MSPAS/MPH Program, Touro University Google Scholar More articles by this author , Deborah Poling, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, CNE Indiana University, Purdue University Fort Wayne School of Nursing Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.9294 SectionsAbout ToolsDownload Citations ShareFacebookTwitterEmail AbstractThis resource is a series of three team-based educational activities to foster interprofessional education. Session 1 provides an introduction to interprofessional education and health care. Session 2 discusses the BATHE (Background, Affect, Trouble, Handling, and Empathy) model of psychosocial interviewing. Session 3 covers root cause analysis. The general model for the activities was a light dinner, a networking session, and a plenary session. Teams worked together in breakout sessions (preserving the membership of the teams for longitudinal experience). The whole group reconvened for sharing between groups, debriefing, and announcement of the next session. Faculty provided the structure for the plenary sessions but involvement during team session was only to keep teams on task, watch time, and answer questions that learners could not answer. Faculty facilitated the debriefings. Each seminar lasted 1.5 hours including the dinner. This resources provide the materials for each of the three sessions. Educational Objectives By the end of this resource, learners will be able to: Define interprofessional education.Describe the goals and associated elements of interprofessional education.Determine which activities qualify for the definition of interprofessional education.Explain why interprofessionalism is important for patient-centered care.Express the motivation to incorporate of interprofessional education.Comprehend the intention and necessity of interprofessional education.Collaborate with other health professionals to explore healthcare and related professions.Discuss interprofessionally, how health professionals and patients may utilize and understand the role of various providers and services.Apply the elements of the BATHE (Background, Affect, Trouble, Handling, and Empathy) communication model to a mock patient interview.Self-assess a mock interview and respectfully critique team members using an established rubric.Apply the elements of the root cause analysis model retrospectively to a real patient scenario.Delineate the issues associated with a scenario using the fishbone diagram.Develop potential solutions by identifying factors associated with a scenario.Employ and improve personal communication skills to convey and accept professional knowledge as part of an interprofessional team.Demonstrate principles and values of team dynamics to successfully function in various team roles. Sign up for the latest publications from MedEdPORTAL Add your email below FILES INCLUDEDReferencesRelatedDetails FILES INCLUDED Included in this publication: The Lewis Blackman Story.mp4 A Mother's View of Lessons Learned.mp4 Patient-centered Care and Teamwork-Collaboration.mp4 Disclosing Error & Accountability.mp4 Transparency and Courage.mp4 Instructor's Guide.doc Session 1 Intro and HCP Exercise.docx Session 2 BATHE model.docx Session 3 Root Cause Analysis.docx To view all publication components, extract (i.e., unzip) them from the downloaded .zip file. This publication includes large downloadable files. If you experience difficulty downloading these files, please contact [email protected] to receive a free DVD version via mail. Download editor’s noteThis publication may contain technology or a display format that is no longer in use. CitationLaBarbera D, Kiersma M, Yoder M, Maldonado A, Poling D. Fort Wayne Area Interprofessional Consortium for Health Care Education: Interprofessional Education Seminar Series. MedEdPORTAL. 2012;8:9294. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.9294 Copyright & Permissions© 2012 LaBarbera et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license.KeywordsInterprofessional EducationBATHE ModelCommunications SkillsMedical StudentsInterprofessional Education Collaboration (IPEC)Pharmacy PracticeRoot Cause AnalysisPhysician AssistanteHealthGraduate NursingLewis BlackmanHealth Related ProfessionsFamily Practice ResidentsPsychosocial Interviewing Disclosures None to report. Funding/Support None to report. Loading ...

Complete Issue (Julian Kitchen, Editor)

This is the complete issue compiled in one downloadable file.

PolySac3DB: an annotated data base of 3 dimensional structures of polysaccharides

BackgroundPolysaccharides are ubiquitously present in the living world. Their structural versatility makes them important and interesting components in numerous biological and technological processes ranging from structural stabilization to a variety of immunologically important molecular recognition events. The knowledge of polysaccharide three-dimensional (3D) structure is important in studying carbohydrate-mediated host-pathogen interactions, interactions with other bio-macromolecules, drug design and vaccine development as well as material science applications or production of bio-ethanol.DescriptionPolySac3DB is an annotated database that contains the 3D structural information of 157 polysaccharide entries that have been collected from an extensive screening of scientific literature. They have been systematically organized using standard names in the field of carbohydrate research into 18 categories representing polysaccharide families. Structure-related information includes the saccharides making up the repeat unit(s) and their glycosidic linkages, the expanded 3D representation of the repeat unit, unit cell dimensions and space group, helix type, diffraction diagram(s) (when applicable), experimental and/or simulation methods used for structure description, link to the abstract of the publication, reference and the atomic coordinate files for visualization and download. The database is accompanied by a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). It features interactive displays of polysaccharide structures and customized search options for beginners and experts, respectively. The site also serves as an information portal for polysaccharide structure determination techniques. The web-interface also references external links where other carbohydrate-related resources are available.ConclusionPolySac3DB is established to maintain information on the detailed 3D structures of polysaccharides. All the data and features are available via the web-interface utilizing the search engine and can be accessed at http://polysac3db.cermav.cnrs.fr.

Optimal Content Downloading in Vehicular Networks

We consider a system where users aboard communication-enabled vehicles are interested in downloading different contents from Internet-based servers. This scenario captures many of the infotainment services that vehicular communication is envisioned to enable, including news reporting, navigation maps, and software updating, or multimedia file downloading. In this paper, we outline the performance limits of such a vehicular content downloading system by modeling the downloading process as an optimization problem, and maximizing the overall system throughput. Our approach allows us to investigate the impact of different factors, such as the roadside infrastructure deployment, the vehicle-to-vehicle relaying, and the penetration rate of the communication technology, even in presence of large instances of the problem. Results highlight the existence of two operational regimes at different penetration rates and the importance of an efficient, yet 2-hop constrained, vehicle-to-vehicle relaying.

Pocket PCs: privacy? Or piracy and porn?

In an age obsessed with information sharing, people have become curiously coy about their computing habits. Compelled to commit every detail of our day to Twitter or Facebook, we still want to keep our web browsing and file download history to ourselves. This privacy paradox drives the thriving market for products that claim to either anonymise or completely wipe out records of computer user activity, producing headlines along the way. In an age obsessed with information sharing, people have become curiously coy about their computing habits, and this is driving a thriving market for products that claim to let us work anonymously. A new generation of PC-on-a-stick devices offers users the ability to plug into a computer, run applications and interact with data in a way that leaves precious few clues for administrators and forensic analysts. Jan Collie of Discovery Forensics examines how these devices work and assesses the dangers they pose.

GenScalpel: An Application for Sequence Retrieval and Extraction from the GenBank flatfile

GenScalpel is a program designed for the retrieval and extraction of specified sequences from large-scale sequence sets in NCBI GenBank flatfile format. This routine task in bioinformatics analysis is a pressing need for laboratory biologists. Another objective of application development is to respond to the new form of the NCBI Nucleotide Sequence Database, which was updated in November 2011. In addition to a powerful sequence refinement application, GenScalpel provides convenient functions for web-based sequence downloading or multiple files batch processing. This note discusses major applications of the program and includes example data sets to demonstrate its performance. The program is written in PERL. GenScalpel, including installation packages for Windows and Linux systems as well as the accompanying documentation, are available free of charge at http://genscalpel.biosv.com/.

An Estimated Delay Based Association Policy for Web Browsing in a Multirate WLAN

Station-Access Point (STA-AP) association is an important function in IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) management. We obtain an association policy that can be implemented in centralized WLAN management devices, or in STAs, by taking into account explicitly two aspects of practical importance: (a) TCP-controlled short file downloads interspersed with read times (motivated by web browsing), and (b) different STAs associated with an Access Point (AP) at possibly different rates (depending on distance from the AP). Our approach is based on two steps. First, we consider an analytical model to obtain the aggregate AP throughput for long TCP-controlled file downloads when STAs are associated at k different rates r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , ..., r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> ; this extends earlier work in the literature. Second, we present a 2-node closed queueing network model to approximate the expected average-sized file download time for a user who shares the AP with other users associated at a multiplicity of rates. These analytical results motivate the proposed association policy, called the Estimated Delay based Association (EDA) policy: Associate with the AP at which the expected file download time is the least. Simulations indicate that for a web-browsing type traffic scenario, EDA performs substantially better than other policies that have been proposed earlier. Crucially, the improved performance is sustained even in realistic evaluation scenarios, where the assumptions underpinning the analytical model do not hold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that proposes an association policy tailored specifically for web browsing. Apart from this, our analytical results could be of independent interest.

A guide to experimental algorithmics

Computational experiments on algorithms can supplement theoretical analysis by showing what algorithms, implementations, and speed-up methods work best for specific machines or problems. This book guides the reader through the nuts and bolts of the major experimental questions: What should I measure? What inputs should I test? How do I analyze the data? To answer these questions the book draws on ideas from algorithm design and analysis, computer systems, and statistics and data analysis. The wide-ranging discussion includes a tutorial on system clocks and CPU timers, a survey of strategies for tuning algorithms and data structures, a cookbook of methods for generating random combinatorial inputs, and a demonstration of variance reduction techniques. Numerous case studies and examples show how to apply these concepts. All the necessary concepts in computer architecture and data analysis are covered so that the book can be used by anyone who has taken a course or two in data structures and algorithms. A companion website, AlgLab (www.cs.amherst.edu/alglab) contains downloadable files, programs, and tools for use in experimental projects.

Analysis of Distributed Algorithms to Remove Correlations for Reducing Average Download Time in Peer-to-Peer Networks

The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are widely used for internet file sharing. In general the file download can take minutes or hours depending on the level of network congestion or the service capacity fluctuations. In this paper, we consider two major factors that have significant impact on average download time, namely, the spatial heterogeneity of service capacities in different source peers and the temporal fluctuations in service capacities of a single source peer. We show that both spatial heterogeneity and temporal correlations in service capacity increase the average download time in P2P networks and then analyze a simple, distributed algorithm to reduce the file download time. Here, we analyzes a new algorithms called that effectively remove the negative factors of the existing systems i.e. Parallel downloading, Chunk based switching, periodic switching, thus reduce the average download time. Our algorithm removes correlations in the capacity fluctuations and the heterogeneity in space, thus greatly reducing the average download time.

LIFTING THE DUSTY VEIL WITH NEAR- AND MID-INFRARED PHOTOMETRY. III. TWO-DIMENSIONAL EXTINCTION MAPS OF THE GALACTIC MIDPLANE USING THE RAYLEIGH–JEANS COLOR EXCESS METHOD

We provide new, high-resolution A(Ks) extinction maps of the heavily reddened Galactic midplane based on the Rayleigh-Jeans Color Excess ("RJCE") method. RJCE determines star-by-star reddening based on a combination of near- and mid-infrared photometry. The new RJCE-generated maps have 2 x 2 arcmin pixels and span some of the most severely extinguished regions of the Galaxy -- those covered with Spitzer+IRAC imaging by the GLIMPSE-I, -II, -3D, and Vela-Carina surveys, from 256<l<65 deg and, in general, for |b| <= 1-1.5 deg (extending up to |b|<=4 deg in the bulge). Using RJCE extinction measurements, we generate dereddened color-magnitude diagrams and, in turn, create maps based on main sequence, red clump, and red giant star tracers, each probing different distances and thereby providing coarse three-dimensional information on the relative placement of dust cloud structures. The maps generated from red giant stars, which reach to ~18-20 kpc, probe beyond most of the Milky Way extinction in most directions and provide close to a "total Galactic extinction" map -- at minimum they provide high angular resolution maps of lower limits on A(Ks). Because these maps are generated directly from measurements of reddening by the very dust being mapped, rather than inferred on the basis of some less direct means, they are likely the most accurate to date for charting in detail the highly patchy differential extinction in the Galactic midplane. We provide downloadable FITS files and an IDL tool for retrieving extinction values for any line of sight within our mapped regions.

Medical Heritage Library

Screen reading on laptops, tablets, and devices is becoming a more widely accepted form of consuming information. As this trend develops, large-scale book digitization and metadata projects are becoming an increasingly important part of the library and information world. The Internet Archive, launched in 1996, was, along with the Gutenberg Project, one of the pioneer projects aimed at making large numbers of scanned texts and other digitized media forms freely available to users. Libraries, both academic and public, have adopted the Internet Archive's Texts section as a method of providing free access to scanned book content and accompanying metadata in a variety of file formats. One new book digitization project making use of the Internet Archive is the Medical Heritage Library (MHL), a cooperative endeavor of ten institutions that is funded by grants from the Arthur P. Sloan Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Participants include the National Library of Medicine and the libraries of Columbia, Harvard, and Yale Universities. The project was conceived in 2009 and made its debut the following year. It currently contains more than 28,000 scanned items. The MHL, modeled on the highly successful Biodiversity Heritage Library, is a collection of scanned public domain books on medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and allied areas. Its curators maintain a regularly updated home page and a Facebook page featuring news about the project, images from recently released books, and links to articles concerned with the history of medicine. MHL book scans are contributed by the participating institutions and are made available for in-browser reading and file download in a dedicated section of the Internet Archive. Basic metadata for each text is included, and downloads are available in portable document format (PDF), Kindle, and a variety of other file formats. A link is provided in the record for each book to a corresponding record in the Open Library, a supplementary project to the Internet Archive's Texts section, which attempts to offer a single open and publicly editable web page for every book in existence. Readers using the browser version can search inside the text and jump to the page on which the desired word is found. Three different page display options are available: one-page, two-page, and thumbnail views. The browser reader also features a read-aloud option, which uses optical character recognition (OCR) to treat the scanned images as an audio book. In addition to searching for items, users may browse the MHL by book title or by author. Users may also browse through a list of subjects and keywords assigned to items in the collection, although the terms used in this option are not clearly identified as being drawn from Library of Congress (LC), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), or both controlled vocabularies. The quality of the scanned images is uniformly high. Color plates and illustrations in the originals are reproduced in color. The potential for special collections librarians and others to integrate the scanned books in the MHL and similar projects into their collections and reference work is tremendous. In addition to substantially broadening the scope of materials available to the researchers at a single institution, these images may contribute to the preservation of the originals by serving as digital copies. Opportunities for textual analysis, both large and small scale, are substantial as well (the growing field of digital humanities serves as one example). These uses, and others, invite exploration by librarians.

Stability of a Peer-to-Peer Communication System

This paper focuses on the stationary portion of file download in an unstructured peer-to-peer network, which typically follows for many hours after a flash crowd initiation. The model includes the case that peers can have some pieces at the time of arrival. The contribution of this paper is to identify how much help is needed from the seeds, either fixed seeds or peer seeds (which are peers remaining in the system after obtaining a complete collection), to stabilize the system. The dominant cause for instability is the missing piece syndrome, whereby one piece becomes very rare in the network. It is shown that stability can be achieved with only a small amount of help from peer seeds-even with very little help from a fixed seed, peers need dwell as peer seeds on average only long enough to upload one additional piece. The region of stability is insensitive to the piece selection policy. Network coding can substantially increase the region of stability in case a portion of the new peers arrive with randomly coded pieces.

Backup routing firewall mechanism in P2P environment

This paper will discuss the most important source in the peer-to-peer networking. The backup routing mechanism is used in the peer-to-peer networking to avoid the discontinue downloading file. Each node uses the single nose and the single connection as the downloading source in the peer-to-peer networking in current model. Any source disconnected would be replaced by others when there are multiple sources for requirement. One loses the connection and fails the downloading files one need. The new backup routing would improve the above condition.

DR_bind: a web server for predicting DNA-binding residues from the protein structure based on electrostatics, evolution and geometry

DR_bind is a web server that automatically predicts DNA-binding residues, given the respective protein structure based on (i) electrostatics, (ii) evolution and (iii) geometry. In contrast to machine-learning methods, DR_bind does not require a training data set or any parameters. It predicts DNA-binding residues by detecting a cluster of conserved, solvent-accessible residues that are electrostatically stabilized upon mutation to Asp−/Glu−. The server requires as input the DNA-binding protein structure in PDB format and outputs a downloadable text file of the predicted DNA-binding residues, a 3D visualization of the predicted residues highlighted in the given protein structure, and a downloadable PyMol script for visualization of the results. Calibration on 83 and 55 non-redundant DNA-bound and DNA-free protein structures yielded a DNA-binding residue prediction accuracy/precision of 90/47% and 88/42%, respectively. Since DR_bind does not require any training using protein–DNA complex structures, it may predict DNA-binding residues in novel structures of DNA-binding proteins resulting from structural genomics projects with no conservation data. The DR_bind server is freely available with no login requirement at http://dnasite.limlab.ibms.sinica.edu.tw.