Double Yield Research Articles

A Single Input Dual Output Multiport DC–DC Converter with Minimal Switches

This paper proposes a topology for multiport DCDC converter with double yield for a solitary facts. Essentially the buck converter's yield is lesser than the records. Boost converter's yield is more distinguished than the info. buck-boost converter's yield is each more noteworthy or lesser than the facts. Be that as it is able to, the interest of the proposed converter is, it surrenders the both increase and undertaking down yields all the at the same time as. The contemporary-day topology of the multiport DC-DC Converter applied four switches however the proposed topology uses less number of switches with excessive yield contrasted with existing one. It likewise brings approximately decrease of replacing misfortunes. The skillability of the converter is improved, yield voltages get controlled and the charge of the circuit diminishes because of its minimization. The near circle PI controlling approach is embraced. The results were checked with the resource of making use of MATLAB simulink software program program

Interactive effects of liming and straw incorporation on yield and nitrogen uptake in a double rice cropping system

Soil acidification and low fertility limit crop productivity in red paddy soils. Liming and straw incorporation are effective practices to alleviate soil acidification and improve soil fertility, respectively, while their interaction is still unclear. A four-year field experiment was conducted in a double rice cropping system with red paddy soil in Jiangxi province to examine the interactive effect of liming and straw incorporation on rice yield and nitrogen (N) uptake from 2015 to 2018. Either liming or straw incorporation increased grain yield and N uptake in both early and late rice seasons. Lime application increased yield and N uptake by 10.7% and 15.5% under straw incorporation, while by 4.4% and 9.7% with straw removal in the early rice season, respectively. In contrast, liming enhanced yield and N uptake by 18.7% and 24.6% in the straw-incorporated treatments in the late rice season, respectively, whereas only by 10.5% and 5.7% in the straw-removed treatments. The effect of liming on enhancing grain yield, N uptake and soil pH for both early and late rice diminished in the present of time. Neither soil organic matter nor total N content was significantly affected by liming after the four-year experiment. Straw incorporation significantly increased soil organic matter, but had no effect on total N. Therefore, limes should be applied along with straw incorporation to simultaneously increase double rice yield, alleviate soil acidification, and improve soil fertility on acidic paddies. Besides, our results suggest that limes should be applied approximately every four years in the double rice cropping system with acidic red soil.

Coupling finite element method with large scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS) for hierarchical multiscale simulations

In this work, we have developed a multiscale computational algorithm to couple finite element method with an open source molecular dynamics code --- the Large scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) --- to perform hierarchical multiscale simulations in highly scalable parallel computations. The algorithm was firstly verified by performing simulations of single crystal copper deformation, and a good agreement with the well-established method was confirmed. Then, we applied the multiscale method to simulate mechanical responses of a polymeric material composed of multi-million fine scale atoms inside the representative unit cells (r-cell) against uniaxial loading. It was observed that the method can successfully capture plastic deformation in the polymer at macroscale, and reproduces the double yield points typical in polymeric materials, strain localization and necking deformation after the second yield point. In addition, parallel scalability of the multiscale algorithm was examined up to around 100 thousand processors with 10 million particles, and an almost ideal strong scaling was achieved thanks to LAMMPS parallel architecture.

Mechanical performance and microstructural characterisation of titanium alloy-alloy composites built by wire-arc additive manufacture

A first stage study has been performed to investigate the potential for exploiting high deposition rate WAAM to print dual-alloy microstructures. Samples were built using alternating feed wires of commercially-pure Ti and Ti–6Al–4V. A high level of dilution occurred during deposition accompanied by effective liquid-phase mixing, producing a regular distribution of solidified melt tracks of approximate bimodal composition each less extreme than that of their respective constituent feed wires. The yield strength of the dual alloy composite material was approximately midway between that of the two alloys from which it was produced and exhibited a double inflection yield behaviour. Overall, because of the relatively coarse length scale there was not a significant property advantage in tensile loading above that of a chemically homogenous material, thus the main advantage of printing alternate alloys at this length scale is likely to reside more with increasing crack path tortuosity during fracture or fatigue loading. Importantly, the deposited material was found to have a refined β-grain structure suggesting that the composition gradients introduced by dual-alloy printing can disrupt the epitaxial columnar growth normally seen in WAAM deposits.

Investigation of the mechanical properties of steel plates with artificial pitting and the effects of mutual pitting on the stress concentration factor

Pitting corrosion in steel structures reduces the cross-sectional area of steel members and generates stress concentrations, which degrade the bearing capacity of steel members, thereby causing structural collapse. This paper studied the relationship between pitting corrosion and the stress concentration factor (SCF) under tensile loading and the effects of pitting corrosion on the mechanical properties and deformation of specimens. First, mechanical drilling and milling methods were used to fabricate artificial pitting on small specimens to simulate natural corrosion. The effects of the pitting depth and diameter on the mechanical properties and deformation capacity of the specimens were studied. Then, a digital image correlation (DIC) system was employed to measure the surface strain field of the specimens, and the differences between the local deformation around the pitting and the overall deformation of the specimen were investigated. Finally, a numerical method was applied to study the effects of pitting size parameters, pitting position parameters, plate thickness and double pitting on stress concentrations. The results showed that the reason for the degradation in the mechanical properties and deformation ability of the specimen was the joint effect of cross-sectional reduction and stress concentrations around the pitting. A double yield phenomenon was observed because the deformation near the pitting occurred more rapidly than the deformation of the rest of the specimen. The maximum value of the SCF occurred when the pitting was at the edge of the component. If the ratio of the plate thickness to the corrosion pitting depth was less than 5, the effects of the plate thickness on the stress concentration were obvious. The location of the critical area around the double pitting was affected by the position parameters.

Modeling the effect of wetting on the mechanical behavior of crushable granular materials

It is well known that the compressibility of crushable granular materials increases with the moisture content, due to the decrease of particle strength in a humid environment. An existing approach to take into account the effect of grain breakage in constitutive modeling consists in linking the evolution of the grain size distribution to the plastic work. But how the material humidity can affect this relationship is not clear, and experimental evidence is quite scarce. Based on compression tests on dry and saturated crushable sand recently reported by the present authors, a new non-linear relationship is proposed between the amount of particle breakage and the plastic work. The expression contains two parameters: (1) a material constant dependent on the grain characteristics and (2) a constant depending on the wetting condition (in this study, dry or saturated). A key finding is that the relationship does not depend on the stress path and, for a given wetting condition, only one set of parameters is necessary to reproduce the results of isotropic, oedometric, and triaxial compression tests. The relationship has been introduced into an elastoplastic constitutive model based on the critical state concept with a double yield surface for plastic sliding and compression. The breakage ratio is introduced into the expression of the elastic stiffness, the critical state line and the hardening compression pressure. Incremental stress-strain computations with the model allow the plastic work to be calculated and, therefore, the evolution of particle crushing can be predicted through the proposed non-linear relationship and reintroduced into the constitutive equations. Accurate predictions of the experimental results in terms of both stress-strain relationships and breakage ratio were obtained.

Exogenic glucose as an electron donor for algal hydrogenases to promote hydrogen photoproduction by Chlorella pyrenoidosa

In this work, glucose addition (0.7 g l−1) almost doubled hydrogen yield of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (121.1 ml l−1 vs 65.5 ml l−1), with a positive correlation between hydrogen production and glucose consumption (−0.977, P < 0.01). When the electrons transport from water photolysis to algal hydrogenase was inhibited, the hydrogen productivity declined by 21.1%; whereas it dramatically decreased by 70.9% when the algal nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH) was inhibited. Therefore, in the presence of glucose, the electrons for algae based hydrogen production would be mainly from glucose glycolysis rather than water photolysis. Further deuterated-glucose trial indicated that the glucose might serve as an electron donor for algal hydrogenases. Finally, a tentative electron transport route from glucose to algal hydrogenase was proposed, hoping to provide more scientific direction for further algae-based hydrogen production improvement.

Lighting the Flavin Decorated Ruthenium(II) Polyimine Complexes: A Theoretical Investigation.

The emission properties of a series of flavin (FL) decorated Ru (II) polyimine complexes were investigated by extensive time-dependent (TD) density functional theory (DFT) and DFT based calculations. We attributed the moderate emission properties of FL decorated Ru(II) polyimine complex (Ru-1), such as triplet lifetime and luminescence quantum yield, to the dominant fast nonradiative decay due to the small adiabatic energy gap between the ground state and the lowest lying triplet state (Δ Ead) and the slow radiative decay owing to the ligand localized triplet (3IL) nature of the emissive state. Electron withdrawing groups such as F and Cl were attached to the FL moiety of Ru-1 to alter Δ Ead. Both the radiative and nonradiative decay rates were found to be sensitive to Δ Ead and may result in a drastic change of the photophysical properties of the Ru(II) complexes. Specifically, substitution with F leads to an increase in the Δ Ead from 1.85 to 1.93 eV, resulting in a nearly doubled phosphorescent quantum yield and triplet lifetime with respect to Ru-1. These findings are vital for the rational design of phosphorescent transition metal complexes.

Study of Hadrons Produced in Proton—Carbon Interactions at 120 GeV/c Using Hadron-Production Models

Double differential yield of π±, K±, protons, and antiprotons as a function of laboratory momentum is presented using hadron production models. This study is done in several polar angle intervals from 0 < θ < 420 mrad for π± mesons and 0 < θ < 360 mrad for K± mesons, protons, and antiprotons. The study is carried out for p + C interactions at 120 GeV/c. For simulation, three hadron-production models: EPOS-LHC, EPOS 1.99, and QGSJETII-04 are used. Since no experimental data at 120 GeV/c is available yet, therefore, the models’ predictions are compared with the measurements of NA61/SHINE experiments at 31 GeV/c. It is found that the QGSJETII-04 model gives high peak value, for π± mesons, in the polar angle interval of 20–40 mrad, while in the range of 40–240 mrad, EPOS-LHC shows higher yield than EPOS 1.99 and QGSJETII-04 models, whereas all show higher yield than the experimental data. For π± mesons, in all angular intervals, at high momentum values, all the three models are consistent and surprisingly give the same yield as that of the experimental data. For K± mesons, QGSJETII-04 shows higher peak values at all polar angles ranging from 0 to 360 mrad as compared to that of EPOS 1.99 and EPOS-LHC models, whereas all models give higher yield at low angular intervals than the experimental data and the same yield at high angular intervals. The models demonstrate similar yields for protons at all angles but underestimate the experimental data at low angular intervals and provide the same yield at high angular intervals. The QGSJETII-04 model presents higher yields of antiprotons in comparison to the EPOS 1.99 and EPOS-LHC models, for almost all angular intervals. Generally, at higher angular range, i.e., from 240 to 420 mrad, particularly at high momentum, all the three models show similar results.

Relationships between long-term fertilization management and forage nutritive value in grasslands

Effects of fertilization on grassland have been widely investigated in terms of botanical composition, forage yield and quality, and their agricultural and environmental consequences. However, there are no published studies of the contribution of fertilization to variability of forage quality involving systematic investigation of this effect. Therefore, our objectives were to: (i) evaluate the impact of long-term fertilization treatments on Arrhenatherion elatioris-type meadow vegetation, (ii) investigate effects of interaction among year, cut and fertilization on forage quality in association with forage yield and functional groups proportion with quantification of fertilization effect, and (iii) compare the predictive ability of visually estimated functional groups coverage (FGC) vs. weight proportion ratio of functional groups (FGW) for variability in forage quality in the first cut. Six mineral fertilization treatments (control, N0P40K100, and P40K100 in combination with 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha−1) were evaluated over a three-year period (2014–2016) under a three-cut regime. Intensive NPK fertilization doubled forage yield and increased the grass proportion with a corresponding decrease of forbs and legumes. Grass proportion in harvested forage was positively correlated with fibre content in the first cut and with organic matter digestibility and net-energy for lactation in subsequent cuts. In all cuts there was a consistent correlation in ash and crude protein content with legumes and forbs. Fertilization had less influence on forage quality, compared with inter-year effects or seasonal variability. For each cut, fertilization contributed around 20% of the variability in forage quality, where half of its contribution was realized through increased yield and changes in proportion of functional groups. The explanation power of functional groups in the first cut was slightly higher for the FGC method than the FGW proportion method, which suggests both methods are at least as effective in relation to grassland nutritive value. In summary, if fertilization results in only small changes in grassland yield or botanical composition, its effect on forage quality is greatly reduced. Plant developmental stage or nutritive value of particular species are potential explanations for the rest of the variability.

Study of pion kaon and proton in proton–carbon interactions at 158 GeV/c using hadron production models

In this work, we investigate the production of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons, by exploiting the theoretical hadron production models: EPOS 1.99, EPOS-LHC and QGSJETII-04, using proton–carbon collisions at a potential laboratory momentum of 158 GeV/c. Laboratory momentum-dependent double differential yields of these particles are studied where it is produced at a polar angle ranging from 0 mrad to 420 mrad for [Formula: see text] mesons while for [Formula: see text] mesons, protons and antiprotons, the angle ranges from 0 mrad to 360 mrad. The QGSJET predicts high yields of the [Formula: see text] mesons for a polar angle ranging from 0 mrad to 20 mrad at the peak of the distribution while beyond 20 mrad, the high yield is demonstrated by EPOS-LHC. In the case of [Formula: see text] mesons and antiprotons, the QGSJETII-04 gives higher yield at the peak of the distribution in all the cases, whereas the EPOS-1.99 and EPOS-LHC produce similar results. In most of the cases at high momentum of the hadrons, the trios are in very good agreement with each other.

CONY - Computer code for Neutron Yield calculations: The 7Li(p,n)7Be and 3H(d,n)4He reactions.

The neutron beam facility at NCSR “Demokritos” is driven by a 5.5 MV tandem T11/25 Van De Graff accelerator that provides continuous, high intensity ion beams. Depending on the neutron production reaction, different energy regions of neutron beams are available. Neutron fields with well defined energies are produced by means of nuclear reactions such as: 7Li(p,n)7Be, 3H(p,n)3He, 2H(d,n)3He and 3H(d,n)4He, delivering neutrons up to the energy of ~28 MeV. In order to fully characterize the neutron beam at NCSR “Demokritos”, in the framework of the present work, the CONY C++ computer code has been developed. The implementation of the code for the 7Li(p,n)7Be and 3H(d,n)4He reactions is discussed. The method of calculation of differential neutron yields by thin and thick targets is described. Specifically, for the reaction 7Li(p,n)7Be the mathematical singularity at near threshold energies is discussed along with the method that was used as to overcome this issue. Finally, the results of the code including the double differential neutron yields, the neutron beam energy distribution at the sample position and the total neutron yields have been compared with experimental data as well as with the results of the NeuSDesc software (JRC-IRMM: Neutron Source Description).

Measurements of pi ^pm , K^pm and proton double differential yields from the surface of the T2K replica target for incoming 31\xa0GeV/c protons with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS

Measurements of the pi ^pm , K^pm , and proton double differential yields emitted from the surface of the 90-hbox {cm}-long carbon target (T2K replica) were performed for the incoming 31,hbox {GeV}!/!c protons with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS using data collected during 2010 run. The double differential pi ^pm yields were measured with increased precision compared to the previously published NA61/SHINE results, while the K^pm and proton yields were obtained for the first time. A strategy for dealing with the dependence of the results on the incoming proton beam profile is proposed. The purpose of these measurements is to reduce significantly the (anti)neutrino flux uncertainty in the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment by constraining the production of (anti)neutrino ancestors coming from the T2K target.

A mechanistic approach towards determining double strand breaks and Relative Biological Effectiveness variation along proton tracks

Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) is an important but complex quantity which is used in Proton Therapy to compare the efficacy of cell-killing of protons relative to x-ray. It is known to depend on many factors (such as proton’s energy, dose, and cell type) and varies along the track of a particle. The exact RBE value is also known to be subjected to a large amount of uncertainties. In light of these complexities and uncertainties, this paper presents the calculation of the biologically and clinically relevant parameters - RBE (for double strand breaks) and double strand breaks yield, using a mechanistic and radiobiology-inspired approach. This paper is divided into two main parts. The first features the debut of our in-house radiobiology simulation software known as Integrated Radiobiology Simulation with Geant4 and System Biology (IRSGS). The software and the methodology employed will be covered in details including chromosome geometry construction and processing of direct and indirect effect. The second part focuses on the derivation of the spatial distribution of strand breaks (especially double strand breaks) and RBE for protons.

Determinants Of Farmers’ Adoption Of Alternate Wet And Dry Techniques In Lowland Rice Production In Ghana, Uganda And Cameroon For Climate Smart Agriculture

Lowland rice production has been introduced in many African countries because it more than double yields from upland. Irrigated lowland rice production generates Green House Gas (GHG) emissions roughly four times the GHG emissions per ton of crop as wheat or maize, mostly in form of methane and nitrous oxide. Alternate Wet and Dry (AWD) as a water management was introduced as a system to reduce GHG, however what factors affects the use of Alternate Wet and Dry Technique? A simple random sampling technique was used to select 120, 150 and 300 rice farmers from irrigation schemes in (Tema) Ghana, (Doho) Uganda and (Ndop) Cameroon respectively. Data were collected on their socio-economic characteristics, use of Alternate Wet and Dry Irrigation and knowledge of AWD for climate smart agriculture. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and probit regression was used as an inferential statistics to analyze the factors influencing the respondents’ adoption of Alternate Wet and Dry technique. The results show that majority of farmers were female and male, married, with mean age of 50 and 45.6; having mean farm size of 0.4 and 0.25ha in Ghana and Uganda respectively. In Cameroon, majority of farmers were male, married, with mean age of 45years; having mean farm size of 1ha. Significant determinants of the use of Alternate Wet and Dry technique across the countries were knowledge of the production technique, contact with extension, farm size, farming experience, awareness of climate smart practices, timeliness of operations, sources of information and implementation accuracy of technology. These significant variables have implication for reductions of GHG emissions from lowland rice production and points out the important roles of extension and rural advisory services in promoting effective adoption of climate smart agricultural innovations for sustainable food security and safer environment for all.

Production of $ \Lambda$Λ-hypernuclei and evaluation of their binding energies via the double yield ratio

Relativistic collisions of ions, hadrons and leptons with nuclei can produce various hypernuclei by the capture of hyperons in nuclear residues. In many cases the disintegration of such hypernuclear systems can be described with statistical approaches suggesting that the fragment production is related to the binding energies of hypernuclei. We demonstrate how the hyperon binding energies can be effectively evaluated from the yields of different hyper-isotopes using the double ratio method. Its universality and the possibility to involve many different isotopes are the advantages of this method. The same procedure can also be applied for multi-strange nuclei, for which binding energies were very difficult to measure in previous hypernuclear experiments. Modifications caused by secondary de-excitation processes in hot hypernuclei are considered additionally.

Energy Consumption Analysis of Frozen Sandy Soil and an Improved Double Yield Surface Elastoplastic Model considering the Particle Breakage

The stress‐strain relationship of frozen soil is a hot research topic in the field of frozen soil mechanics. In order to study the effect of particle crushing on the stress‐strain relationship, a series of triaxial compression tests for frozen sandy soil are performed under confining pressures from 1 to 8 MPa at the temperatures of −3 and −5°C, and the energy consumption caused by particle breakage is analyzed during the triaxial shear process based on the energy principle. It is found that the energy consumption caused by the particle breakage presents a hyperbolic trend with axial strain. In view of the obvious advantages of the double yield surface elastoplastic model in describing soil dilatancy, stress path effect, and stress history influence, a modified double yield surface elastoplastic model for frozen sandy soil is proposed based on the energy principle. The validity of the model is verified by comparing its modeling results with test results. As a result, it is found that the stress‐strain curves predicted by this model agree well with the corresponding experimental results under different confining pressures and temperatures.

HOW DETECTION OF PLASMID DNA FRAGMENTATION AFFECTS RADIATION STRAND BREAK YIELDS.

A compromised detection of radiation-induced plasmid DNA fragments results in underestimation of calculated damage yields. Electrophoretic methods are easy and cheap, but they can only detect a part of the fragments, neglecting the shortest ones. These can be detected with atomic force microscopy, but at the expense of time and price. Both methods were used to investigate their capabilities to detect the DNA fragments induced by high-energetic heavy ions. The results were taken into account in calculations of radiation-induced yields of single and double strand breaks. It was estimated that the double strand break yield is twice as high when the fragments are at least partially detected with the agarose electrophoresis, compared to when they were completely omitted. Further increase by 13% was observed when the measured fragments were corrected for the fraction of the shortest fragments up to 300 base pairs, as detected with the atomic force microscopy. The effect of fragment detection on the single strand break yield was diminished.

Extreme stress threatened double rice production in Southern China during 1981–2010

Global warming has increased the frequency of extreme weather, resulting in severe losses in crop production. Double rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system, a system where two seasons of rice are grown per year, is thus facing challenges in maintaining its yield stability throughout Southern China. Therefore, the current study was focused on the multiple stresses induced by climate change, yield anomaly, and losses for the double rice were then examined across different growth stages. Results showed the increase in both high-temperature and water-related stresses during the past three decades, while the low temperature stress for the late rice was not severe. However, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYZ) were subject to less severe stresses compared with that of the South China (SC). Yield anomaly varied among subregions for both early rice and late rice. A case study in Hunan province showed that extreme stresses threatened the yield of double rice system, and vapor pressure deficits changed yield by − 6.66% for the early rice and − 1.82% for the late rice. Thus, climate-smart practices are needed for the double rice cropping system in Southern China to mitigate the effects of extreme weather and stabilize double rice yield.

Angle dependence of strong-field single and double ionization of carbonyl sulfide

We have studied, experimentally and theoretically, the ionization probability of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) molecules in intense linearly polarized 800-nm laser pulses as a function of the angle between the molecular axis and the laser polarization. Experimentally, the molecules are exposed to two laser pulses with a relative time delay. The first, weaker pulse induces a nuclear rotational wave packet within each molecule such that the ensemble exhibits preferential alignment in the laboratory frame at specific times. The second, stronger pulse induces ionization, and the variation in single and double ionization yields is measured as a function of the delay between the two pulses. The angular dependence of the ionization yield is extracted by fitting the delay-dependent yields to a sum of delay-dependent moments of the rotational wave packet's angular distribution. We compute these same angular-dependent strong-field ionization yields for OCS using time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT). For the single-ionization case, our measurements agree well with TDDFT calculations and with previous experiments. Furthermore, analysis of the simulated one-body density reveals that, when averaged over a laser cycle, the resulting hole is delocalized across the molecule for light polarized perpendicular to the molecular axis and mostly localized on the sulfur for parallel polarization. This suggests that preferential molecular alignment is a key parameter for controlling charge migration dynamics initiated by strong-field ionization. For double ionization, the agreement between experiment and theory is less compelling, reflecting the substantial challenges of computing double-ionization yields using TDDFT methods.