There is a minor entry in that peculiar calendar of French insurrectionary days for the June days of 1820. These were mild days indeed compared to the climate of June 1848, but quite significant as an expression of the broad and bitter conflict over proposals to revise the electoral system then being debated in the Chamber of Deputies. This debate was accompanied by a flood of pamphlets, press commentary, and petitions, and characterized by ferocious parliamentary exchanges that pulled the scabs off the old wounds inflicted on the national consensus in all the years since 1789. It was concluded to the sound of riots in the streets outside the Chambers. The public demonstrations impelled the government to call out the troops, who managed to fire a shot that contributed the first student martyr to radical hagiography. The attempt of several thousand students to convert this incident into a revolutionary situation petered out in the apathy of the masses in the old revolutionary faubourgs. But the divisions uncovered by the confrontation over the electoral legislation were widely and correctly interpreted as cracks in the foundations of the Bourbon regime. The parliamentary debate was recalled as the scene of high drama and intense poignancy where close friends and political allies passed into opposing camps, where peerless orators, now recalled only in the footnotes of specialists, seemed literally to stake their lives on the outcome. The minister of justice, the comte de Serre, a former friend of the Doctrinaires become paladin of the royalist reaction, wasted by the illness that was soon to end his life, was confronted by his formerly devoted and now dying friend, Camille Jordan. The duchesse de Broglie was deeply moved by the spectacle of the two friends locked in combat, . . . both dying perhaps, arguing the gravest issues with their last breath, two friends, two men who understood each other perfectly in the midst of their struggle, equally noble in language and sincere in faith.... 1