Double Track Research Articles

On the sharp scattering threshold for the mass–energy double critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation via double track profile decomposition

The present paper is concerned with the large data scattering problem for the mass–energy double critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation i\partial_{t} u+\Delta u\pm \smash{|u|^{\frac{4}{d}}u}\pm \smash{|u|^{\frac{4}{d-2}}u}=0 in H^{1}(\R^{d}) with d\geq 3 , referred to as DCNLS. In the defocusing–defocusing regime, Tao, Visan and Zhang showed that the unique solution of DCNLS is global and scattering in time for arbitrary initial data in H^{1}(\R^{d}) . This does not hold when at least one of the nonlinearities is focusing, due to the possible formation of blow-up and soliton solutions. However, precise thresholds for a solution of DCNLS being scattering were open in all the remaining regimes. Following the classical concentration compactness principle, we impose sharp scattering thresholds in terms of ground states for DCNLS in all the remaining regimes. The new challenge arises from the fact that the remainders of the standard L^{2} - or \dot{H}^{1} -profile decomposition fail to have asymptotically vanishing diagonal L^{2} - and \dot{H}^{1} -Strichartz norms simultaneously. To overcome this difficulty, we construct a double track profile decomposition which is capable of capturing the low-, medium- and high-frequency bubbles within a single profile decomposition and possesses remainders that are asymptotically small in both of the diagonal L^{2} - and \dot{H}^{1} -Strichartz spaces.

Aerodynamic effect analysis of high-speed train entering and leaving single and double track tunnels under crosswind

ABSTRACT The aerodynamic effects of high-speed train running in and out of single-hole single-track and single-hole double-track tunnels and across bridges and tunnels under crosswind are studied by means of train moving model experiment and numerical simulation. The pressure fluctuation amplitude of the train entering and exiting the single-track tunnel is larger than that of the train entering and exiting the double-track tunnel under the crosswind, and the maximum amplitude can reach 2824 Pa. When the train enters or exits the single-track tunnel, the aerodynamic force of the leading carriage is less than that of the double-track tunnel except the yawing moment. Except for the yawing moment, the aerodynamic force of the tail carriage in single-track is greater than that of the double-track tunnel at the stage of the train leaving the tunnel; when the train enters the single-track tunnel, the aerodynamic force is less than that of the double-track tunnel.

Mempercepat Waktu Pelaksanaan Proyek Pembangunan Jalur Ganda Kereta Api Antara Mojokerto-Sepanjang Melalui Penjadwalan Line of Balance

In construction management, project scheduling is an important thing to note. The project schedule is a means of determining proper duration, controlling implementation progress, and allocating resources efficiently. Improper scheduling will have an impact on project delays. the project for the construction of a double track railway across the south of Java between Mojokerto-Sepanjang is planned to be completed in 60 weeks with overlapping activities due to changes in activities. This double track rail project is an ongoing project. This research aims to find out the project implementation time using the Line of Balance. The development project has a length of 3011.23 m. the Line of Balance method is carried out by determining the dependency logic, preparing a Line Of Balance schedule, drawing a Line Of Balance graph, and determining the production speed. The results of the study show that the line of balance schedule in the existing conditions has lines of intersection between jobs. The intersection indicates that there is overlapping work. For this reason, improvements are made by changing the dependency logic from work that was originally parallel to not parallel. The results of improvements made by reducing the duration per work cycle by 1 week revealed that the duration of the project could be accelerated to 38 weeks. So that the scheduling can be used to speed up the time of implementation of project activities.

Legal Reconstruction of Medical and Social Rehabilitation of Narcotic Abuse Victims Based on Humane Values

Narcotics abusers for themselves are guaranteed rehabilitation, but in Article 127 of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, narcotics abusers also become subjects who can be punished and can lose their rehabilitation rights, unless they can be proven to be victims of narcotics. The purpose of this study was to find out the Weaknesses of the Implementation of Medical and social rehabilitation and to reconstruct the Humane-Based Medical and Social Rehabilitation of Victims of Narcotics Abuse. This research uses socio-legal research as an effort to understand the law in context with the constructivist paradigm. The results of the study show that the weaknesses in the implementation of medical and social rehabilitation for victims of narcotics abuse can be seen in that narcotics abusers and non-dealers receive criminal sanctions in the form of imprisonment and fines for their actions. Article 127 and Article 103 of Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics stipulate that a judge "can" decide to place the user to undergo rehabilitation where the rehabilitation period is also counted as a sentence period where such a system in criminal law is known as the Double Track System. Starting from the notion that punishment is essentially only a tool to achieve the goal of punishment, then in the new narcotics criminal concept, first of all, the purpose of punishment is formulated. Efforts to reconstruct the implementation of medical and social rehabilitation for victims of narcotics abuse based on human values can be carried out by reformulating the norms of Law Number 35 of 2009, specifically regarding the position of narcotics abusers through setting suitable types of sanctions and providing benefits according to their work and affirming the purpose of the article on the qualifications of an offense other narcotics crimes whose elements can be fulfilled automatically when a person abuses narcotics for himself.

The specificity of forming strategies of the dyad adult-child with hearing impairment in the process of learning: eye tracking of double eye tracking technologies (duet)

The article is devoted to the application of dual eye tracking (DUET) eye tracking technology in the analysis of multimodal cooperation in the process of learning the child-adult dyad. The methodology is described and the double eye tracking (DUET) procedure was tested during the performance of a learning task in the adultchild dyad. Synchronous registration of the dyad's eye movements was carried out by two portable trackers in the form of Pupil Headset goggles. A comparative study of the synchrony of perceptual processes was carried out in a sample of preschoolers 4-6 years old: typically developing children and children with hearing impairment after cochlear implantation (with sensorineural hearing loss, ICD-10 class H90). An analysis of the ways in which the gaze of the adult-child dyad moves makes it possible to model the learning process as the emergence and dynamic transformation of an intersubjective connection between the perceptionaction systems of a child and an adult. Comparison of gaze patterns showed that contrasting groups of children use different perceptual strategies in the learning process: the specificity of eye movements of contrasting groups is manifested in the perceptual actions themselves and in the pattern of eye movements relative to fixations in relevant areas corresponding to the task. It was found that the oculomotor activity of an adult changes in the process of interaction with children of contrasting groups and is organized taking into account the specific features of the child's perceptual activity.

Ius Constituendum Criminal Law Sanction System with Double Track System Principle in the National RKUHP

Introduction: As the ius constituendum of criminal law, the RKUHP introduces the concept of a double track system in its criminal system. The purpose of this double track system concept is to regulate 2 (two) types of sanctions, namely penal sanction (straf/punishment) and treatment sanction (maatregel/treatment).Purposes of the Research: First, the ratio legis criminal law sanctions system with the principle of a double track system and factual policies in the National RKUHP. Second, the ideal model of the criminal law sanction system has the principle of a double track system in the National RKUHP.Methods of the Research: The research method used in this research is normative legal research. Conduct a study of the Criminal Code and the National RKUHP as well as an analysis of the theory of punishment, especially on penal sanction and treatment sanction.Results of the Research: The results of this study reveal that philosophically the emergence of the double track system concept is influenced by the development of the flow in criminal law, namely from the classical to the modern school, and the neo-classical school. Then the sentencing policy in the National RKUHP is not yet fully based on the principle of a double track system. So that we need an appropriate conception and in accordance with the basic idea of the actual double track system concept, one of which is by integrating additional forms of penal sanction into treatment sanction.

Traffic Emissions due to Changes in Road Layout in Developing Township Related to Double Track Rail Project Constructions

Traffic emissions in developing townships are less studied compared to major townships and cities. The Electrified Double-Track Project (EDTP) rail line is a linear project traversing from south to north of peninsular Malaysia. Construction of this line has somewhat affected the traffic flow in terms of delay and congestion, affecting traffic-related emissions. A study on the emission fluctuations due to traffic flow changes during the electrified double-track rail line construction was carried out in Parit Buntar, a developing township north of Peninsular Malaysia. Currently, not many primary study reports furnish insights into the effect of the project’s construction phase. Sidra 6.1 were used to estimate the traffic flow delay and level of service (LOS) at signalised intersections from traffic surveys of six intersections. These inputs were also used to estimate the fuel consumption and cost of fuel consumption for all three stages of emission contribution, namely before construction, during construction, and after construction (commissioning phase). The respective fuel consumption (L/hr.) before the construction, during construction, and post-construction were (437, 174, and 198) at J1, (-, 1650, and 264) at J2, (475, 2429, and 2384) at J3, (332, 336, and 261) at J4, and (206, 13996, and 452) at J5. This study found that a proper signal phasing post construction has improved delay time and traffic emission. The findings should be relevant for researchers interested in the emissions within the developing townships, especially in enhancing road layouts for the sustainability of life and well-being in the local and broader contexts.

POLITIK KRIMINAL PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN PSIKIS TERHADAP ANAK DALAM RUMAH TANGGA

This study aims to find the prime causes of psychological violence against children in the household and to formulate policies to overcome psychological violence against children in the household. This normative research uses a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that there are several prime causes of psychological violence in the household, such as the perpetrator’s lack of knowledge about the forms of domestic violence, the closure of children as victims, less harmonious relationships among family members, wrong way of parenting, psychological factors of the perpetrator, economic factors and the Covid-19 Pandemic. Overcoming psychological violence against children in the household can be done with a single-track system (penal) in the form of conditional sentence which is applied as shock therapy in order to prevent the perpetrator from repeating his actions. The double track system is in the form of action against the perpetrator, namely consultation with a psychologist. Meanwhile, non-penal efforts are in the form of pre-marital debriefing to the bride and groom about the forms of domestic violence, children’s rights and good parenting.

Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan dalam Program Double Track pada Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kabupaten Banyuwangi

This study focuses on the analysis of the implementation of entrepreneurship education in the double track program in Banyuwangi Regency Senior High Schools that have implemented this program, so that it is expected to be an example for other high schools. The study used descriptive qualitative methods with research subjects namely SMAN 1 Purwoharjo and SMAS 1 Muhammadiyah Banyuwangi, including school principals, entrepreneurship teachers and double track program supervisors, as well as students. Data were obtained by means of in-depth and semi-structured interviews, observations, and "focus group discussions" with colleagues. The result of this research is that the double track program is successful in accordance with its objectives, namely developing interests and talents as well as independence through entrepreneurship. The supporting factors of this program are technological advances and student enthusiasm, while the inhibiting factor is the limited facilities and infrastructure to support the success of the double track learning process.

KONSTRUKSI HUKUM PIDANA YANG BERKEMANFAATAN DALAM PENANGANAN TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA

KONSTRUKSI HUKUM PIDANA YANG BERKEMANFAATAN DALAM PENANGANAN TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA

Electrical modelling of a metro system

Simulation tools allow changes in electrical network, timetabling, and train speed profiles, which is fundamental for the planning and development of electric railways. When simulating electric railways, it may be challenging to adequately represent their nonlinear characteristics resulting from the rectifier substations, overvoltage protection circuits, and the continuous changes of the load according to the train position. The power exchange between trains and the change of the rail resistance between them require high temporal resolution and thus results in high computational complexity. Given these goals and challenges, the main objective of this work is to develop a sufficiently simple, fast to simulate, yet accurate, simulation method based on real-world assumptions. Further, the simulation method should be extendable to energy storage systems (ESSs) and control to allow designing control methods for energy management to maximise the energy efficiency of electric railways. This article describes the development of a framework for modelling the power flow within an electric rail network referenced to a case study example. In this article, a test scenario is presented comprising of eight trains running on a double rail track in order to verify the model against expected observations. The simulation model includes two DC traction substations separated by 2 km and three passenger stations separated by 1 km. The model operation requirements and parameters are based on the Yizhuang Line in Beijing Metro. The simulation methodology developed for this work differs from other methods reported in pertinent literature as it facilitates modifications to the model by avoiding the common approach of forming iterative methods for solving the power flow. The proposed test scenario allows the model to be verified for accuracy. The verification is accomplished via different methods and the obtained results confirm that the proposed modelling approach is accurate as the error between the supplied and consumed energy is only 0.11%.

Classical Test Theory: Measurement for Fashion Design Double Track High School Program

The Double Track High School Program is a program that provides the provisions of high school students in order to have competencies such as vocational students, one of which is the Fashion Design competency. Tests are needed to measure students' cognitive abilities. This research is a test that aims to obtain information on the validation of the Fashion Design cognitive test items using the classical test theory. This quantitative descriptive study uses a multiple choices test with four choices of 40 items. Participants' responses were collected through Google form for Fashion Design class of 2019 and 2018 totaling 122 respondents. The analysis technique with the strata program was analyzed using classical test theory. Based on the analysis of the cognitive validation tests of fashion design competencies Double track high school program results obtained the validation of the test uses classical test theory with a test reliability coefficient of 0.5729 for the number of tests as many as 40 questions, meaning the question items has moderate reliability. The conclusion is a test can be used for fashion design double track high school program.

The Impact of Stability Factor of Train Operations to Railway Line Capacity (Kroya-Kutoarjo-Yogyakarta) Indonesia

Transportation is the backbone of development. It determines the economic growth of a country. Among any modes of transportation, railway is in need to be developed especially in the increasing of railway lines capacity in addition to the development of railway infrastructures, facilities, and the enhancement of rail operational. The determinant in rail operational is the stability in its operation. This stability can be seen by the punctuality of train arrival and departure, which is in accordance with the Graph Train Journey (Gapeka) and “delay” as the indicator. The study was conducted to determine the stability of railway operation and the delay of train travel as well as to identify the effect of the stability of railway operations to the capacity value of railway line. The study was conducted by collecting secondary data and conducting primary survey followed by data analysis. The results showed that the stability of rail operation for Kroya – Kutoarjo - Yogyakarta line was still low with an average delay of 15.60 minutes for double track and 21.68 minutes for single track. There was a decline in capacity when it was compared to the planned capacity or factual practical capacity at 22% on single track and 17% on double track. Further research on how to determine the cause of the instability of railway operation as input for the stability improvement would be needed in addition to the model or formulation to calculate line capacity in corresponding to the conditions in Indonesia.

Double tracking control for the directed complex dynamic network via the state observer of outgoing links

ABSTRACT From the perspective of large system, a directed complex dynamic network (DCDN) is regarded as being made up of the nodes subsystem (NS) and the links subsystem (LS), which are coupled to each other. Different from previous studies, which propose the dynamic model of LS with the matrix differential equations, this paper describes the dynamic behaviour of LS with the outgoing links vector at every node, by which the dynamic model of LS can be represented as the vector differential equation to form the outgoing links subsystem (OLS). Due to the fact that vectors have more flexible mathematical properties than matrices, this paper proposes the more convenient mathematic method to investigate the double tracking control problem of NS and OLS. Under the condition that the states of NS are available and the states of OLS are unavailable, the asymptotical state observer of OLS is designed, by which the tracking controllers of NS and OLS are synthesised to ensure achieving the double tracking goals. Finally, an example simulation for supporting the theoretical results is also provided.

Penetapan Sanksi Pidana Dan Tindakan Sebagai Sistem Pemidanaan Di Indonesia

Abstract— The purpose of the dam punishment is how criminal sanctions and actions act as a criminal system that applies in Indonesia where the pattern of punishment as a reference can be immediately followed up by the established assessment system because of the guidelines made by the legislators so as not to cause confusion or overlap between the forms of sanctions from the type of criminal sanctions to the form of action, the sanctions for actions that are applied in actions considering the forms of additional sanctions are more open and more oriented to the basic ideas of criminal sanctions. The dual track system must be the basis for the policy of determining sanctions in laws and regulations, this system allows the utilization of types of criminal sanctions and proportional actions for comprehensive countermeasures. The basic idea of ??the expected double track system is that criminal sanctions and actions must be accommodated in every existing statutory regulation.

A MILP model for quasi-periodic strategic train timetabling

In railways, the long-term strategic planning is the process of evaluating improvements to the railway network (e.g., upgrading a single track line to a double track line) and changes to the composition/frequency of train services (e.g., adding 1 train per hour along a certain route). The effects of different combinations of infrastructure upgrades and updated train services (also called scenarios), are usually evaluated by creating new feasible timetables followed by extensive simulation. Strategic Train Timetabling (STT) is indeed the task of producing new tentative timetables for these what-if scenarios. Unlike the more classic train timetabling, STT can often overlook (or at least give less importance to) some complementary aspects, such as crew and rolling stock scheduling. On the other hand, the different scenarios are likely to lead to very different timetables, hindering the common and effective practice of using existing timetables to warm start the solution process. We introduce the concept of quasi-periodic timetables, that are timetables where certain subsets of trains need to start at almost (rather than precisely) the same minute of every period. The additional flexibility offered by quasi-periodic timetables turned out to be crucial in real-life scenarios characterized by elevated train traffic. We describe a MILP based approach for strategic quasi-periodic train timetabling and we test it on 4 different realistic what-if scenarios for an important line in Norway. The timetables produced by our algorithm were ultimately used by the Norwegian Railway Directorate to select 3 out of the 4 scenarios for phasing the progressive expansion of the JȪren line.

The Effect of Level Crossing on the Railroad Line Capacity

Changing the railway line from single track to double track will increase the railway line capacity, which means there is an additional number of train trips. Even though it has become a double track, the train trip still passes through a level crossing. If the number of train trips increases, it will result in more frequent level crossing gates being closed, or it can also result in more extended gate closing times. When the level crossing gate is closed, there will be a road traffic conflict; the traffic will stop and form a queue. The more often the level crossing gate is closed, the more road traffic conflicts will increase. By using the Indonesian method for calculating the railway line capacity, the change from single track to double track will increase the railway line capacity by 2.35 times. However, this calculation has not considered the existence of a level crossing, so this study aims to determine the amount of the railway line capacity that can be achieved, which is influenced by the level crossing without significantly increasing road traffic conflicts. The research method was carried out by taking data on train trips and road traffic at the level crossing that exists today, which is still a single line, then simulating the conditions when it has turned into a double track. Simulations are carried out by adding the number of train trips according to the double track capacity. Simulation results showed that at the level crossing, the factor affecting the increase in the railway capacity line is the headway time between the closing of the level crossing gate. For headway time values below or equal with 2.5 minutes, the line capacity increases by 1.5 times the single-line capacity. As for the headway time value above 2.5 minutes, the line capacity increases to 2.35 times the capacity of the single line. From this research, it can be concluded that the level crossing affects increasing the capacity of the railway line. To achieve maximum railroad capacity, the headway time between closing the level crossing gate must be more significant than 2.5 minutes.

Tunnel Drammen (Norway) – Solution for excavating a tunnel in loose soil with the presence of groundwater

AbstractThe soil tunnel in Drammen (Norway), part of Bane NOR's ‘New Double Track Drammen–Kobbervikdalen' project, has a length of 290 m; however, the different unfavourable boundary conditions combined with a large excavation cross section (156 m2) make this section the most technically challenging part of the project. The soil tunnel is driven mostly in saturated glaciofluvial sediments, which consist primarily of sand and gravel with a low content of fines, resulting in a low cohesion to cohesionless soil. The groundwater level, always within or above the tunnel section, cannot be lowered during the construction due to project requirements. These geological/hydrogeological conditions together with the large cross section present a high‐risk scenario for any tunnelling project and, in the case of Norway, an unprecedented challenge. Moreover, the tunnel is located in an urban area and has a low overburden of just 8 to 9 m during the first 80 m. For the client it was critical that the design solution was safe, robust, and able to respond to the existing level of uncertainty and potential unexpected occurrences. ILF's design is able to answer these technical challenges while removing many of the typical risks associated to saturated soil tunnelling with a solution that relies mainly on extensive pre‐excavation ground improvement works in the form of jet grouting executed from the surface.

Opportunities and Breakthroughs of Double Track Promotion of College Counselors

College counselors can be both full-time teachers in colleges and universities and management cadres. Although this dual line promotion policy has brought some development opportunities to the counselors in the future implementation process, there are always good and bad things. Under this policy, the counselors will inevitably face many challenges and difficulties. In order to ensure the further improvement and development of the counselor team, the government, colleges and universities and other competent departments must take corresponding measures to solve them, so as to promote the sound development of the counselor group.

Analisis Persebaran Tingkat Kebisingan Kereta Api di Rel Double Track Winongo Kota Madiun

Noise is an annoying sound when listened to for a long time. The standard for noise level in housing is based on KepMenLH No. 48 of 1996 worth 55 dB(A). Double track rails lead to increased rail operations and noise in the surrounding environment. This research was conducted to analyze the environmental noise level due to the train crossing the double track rail at Graha Kirana Winongo Housing, Madiun City by using a Sound Level Meter (SLM) device. Measurements were made at two points, namely at a distance of 7.5 meters and 21 meters. The results of the study the average value of environmental noise due to trains at a distance of 7.5 meters is 80 dB(A) and a distance of 21 meters is 75 dB(A). This value exceeds the standard noise level of 55 dB(A). Researchers provide mitigation in the form of suggestions for housing residents to build noise barriers or plant trees with dense leaves, and if residents are going to build new housing, it is recommended to be at a distance of 75 to 80 meters from the train tracks because the noise value at that distance is approximately 55 dB (A).