Double Tier Research Articles

Production and marketing practices of rabbit raisers in Bulacan, Philippines

The rabbit is a promising livestock animal as it has nutritious meat, can adapt to a variety of climates and has prolificacy. However, it is not as well-studied in the Philippines as other livestock or poultry species, particularly regarding the status of farmers in the country. This study is a baseline study on rabbit raisers in the Philippines, which can help promote a better understanding of this industry. This study, conducted in the Province of Bulacan, employed a descriptive research design using a validated survey questionnaire and convenience sampling technique. Among 91 farmers surveyed, most were 41-50 years old, male, married, and college graduates. The majority had small-scale farms, with the New Zealand rabbit as the most common breed. Feeding was done mainly by giving forage and commercial pellets. Housing was located outdoors, usually in double tier cages made of wire mesh, equipped with feeders, automatic waterers, and plastic nest boxes. Raisers used natural farming systems and avoided the use of commercial medications. The majority had less than one year of farm expedience. The most common products were meat, manure, and fur. The challenges encountered were inadequate capital, the high cost of feed, and negative perceptions about rabbit meat. The rabbit raisers were most interested in training on diseases, marketing, breeding, and processing. Rabbit raisers need technical support for the production and marketing of rabbits from the Philippine Government and other institutions to develop more successful rabbit raising enterprises.

Pengaruh Woman On Board Room Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan

This paper examines the relationship between woman in board and company performance. Measurements of dependent and independent variables in this study, for company performance used ROA and ROE and for firm value by TobinsQ. Measurement of Women on Board (WOB) is measured based on the sum of the number of woman on the board of commissioners and board of directors divideb by the total number of boards. Measurement of WOB considered that Indonesia adheres to a Double tier system. In this study, differences in the composition of the number of women in the structure of the board of commissioners and the board of directors were carried out. This research is an association study that is tested by OLS regression by STATA Software. Using 3 listed company sectors on the IDX based on the Report In 2018, this study found that there was a significant negative effect on the relationship between the number of women in the board of commissioners and board of director’s structure on company performance.

Search of Non-circular Slip Surface Based on Improved FOA

The determination of the most critical non-circular slip surface can be attributed to the optimization of complex non-linear multi-peak function due to its numerous control variables and large amount of calculation. It is a trend in recent years to apply intelligent optimization algorithm into slope stability analysis. Considering that the standard Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) is prone to fall into local extremum, the improved Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm is obtained by incorporating the standard FOA with the simulated annealing idea. In order to improve the search efficiency, a fixed step size is adjusted to an adaptive step size, and a double tier search strategy is proposed to be applied: the potential non-circular slip surface is obtained from the outer layer, and the factor of safety along the potential slip surface is calculated step by step from the inner layer. The improved FOA is applied to a slope with weak interlayer. The feasibility, superiority and efficiency of the improved algorithm are proved by comparing its answers to the judges'. Different inter-slice force functions, various initial values of Fs and λ are assumed, and the results show that these parameters could hardly affect final solution for safety factor.

Preface

We would like to present, with great pleasure that the aim of the 2nd Virtual Conference on Advances in Electric Drives, Process Control and Automation (VCADPCA2020) is a platform for researchers, academicians as well as professionals from all over the world to present, discuss and promote advances in knowledge, research and practice in the field of Electric Drives, Process Control and Automation. VCADPCA2020 is offering a fantastic opportunity to attend a global scientific forum from the convenience of your desktop. No travelling, no hotel expenses, no time away from the office. The conference runs fully online, from paper submission, including reviewing, conference discussion and post conference processing. All papers will be referred to double tier approval process, single-blind peer-review and regular check. The online conference is a smart and affordable manner of presenting research results.Three leading universities VIT, India, Aalborg University Fibigerstræde, Denmark and University West, Sweden are organized this conference successfully on 9th June 2020. Keynote sessions are presented virtually from National and International experts in cutting edge technologies. The selected papers are presented by the authors virtually in the emerging fields like smart grid, power electronics, renewable energy, industrial automation, control and robotics. The panel members evaluated the research ideas and recommended for paper publications in IOP conference proceedings.List of Editorial Board members are available in this pdf.

Preface

We would like to present, with great pleasure that the aim of the Virtual Conference on Advances in Electric Drives, Process Control and Automation (VCADPCA2019) is a platform for researchers, academicians as well as professionals from all over the world to present, discuss and promote advances in knowledge, research and practice in the field of Electric Drives, Process Control and Automation. VCADPCA2019 is offering a fantastic opportunity to attend a global scientific forum from the convenience of your desktop. No travelling, no hotel expenses, no time away from the office. The conference runs fully online, from paper submission, including reviewing, conference discussion and post conference processing. All papers will be referred to double tier approval process, single-blind peerreview and regular check. The online conference is a smart and affordable manner of presenting research results.Editorial Board1. Name : Dr. V. IndragandhiInstitution and address : Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaEmail address : indragndhi.v@vit.ac.in2. Name : Dr. Raja Singh RInstitution and address : Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaEmail address : rrajasingh@vit.ac.in3. Name : N.Kiran kumarInstitution and address : Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaEmail address : kirnkumar.n@vit.ac.in4. Name : Dr. Sudha RInstitution and address : University West, SwedenEmail address iumha@gmail.com5. Name : Dr. Prabhu K RInstitution and address : University West, SwedenEmail address : Prabhu.k.ramanathan@hv.se

Wireless Battery Management System of Electric Transport

Electric vehicles (EVs) are being developed and considered as the future transportation to reduce emission of toxic gas, cost and weight. The battery pack is one of the main crucial parts of the electric vehicle. The power optimization of the battery pack has been maintained by developing a two phase evaporative thermal management system which operation has been controlled by using a wireless battery management system. A large number of individual cells in a battery pack have many wire terminations that are liable for safety failure. To reduce the wiring problem, a wireless battery management system based on ZigBee communication protocol and point-to-point wireless topology has been presented. Microcontrollers and wireless modules are employed to process the information from several sensors (voltage, temperature and SOC) and transmit to the display devices respectively. The WBMS multistage charge balancing system offering more effective and efficient responses for several numbers of series connected battery cells. The concept of double tier switched capacitor converter and resonant switched capacitor converter is used for reducing the charge balancing time of the cells. The balancing result for 2 cells and 16 cells are improved by 15.12% and 25.3% respectively. The balancing results are poised to become better when the battery cells are increased.

A study on the heave performance and loads of the critical connections of a novel dry tree semisubmersible concept using numerical and experimental methods

Deepwater tumbler platform (DTP) is a novel semisubmersible concept in offshore industry, which utilizes double tier pontoons to improve heave performance so as to support dry tree systems, and to enable the platform stable unconditionally by installing ballast in lower tier pontoons (LTPs). However, the effectiveness of double tier pontoons on reducing heave motions has not been extensively studied, and additionally, the weight of LTPs brings in extra structural loads on the connections between the upper tier pontoons and LTPs, which make this connection the most critical one in the design of DTP. Therefore, the heave performance and the loads of the connections are the two main concerns in developing the DTP concept. In this paper, the hydrodynamic behavior of DTP and the loads of the connections are analyzed by numerical simulations as well as model tests. Good agreement of the numerical results with the experimental measurements was found and the results of both prove that the design of double tier pontoons greatly improves the heave performance. Besides, considerable amount of forces and bending moments by the motions of LTP were exerted on the connections. Finally, through a sensitivity study on the LTP depth, the relationship among LTP depth, heave performance and connection loads were discovered. This study illustrates the use of double tier pontoons in improving heave performance and provides important design guidance on the DTP design.

Multisyllabication and Phonological Simplification Throughout Chinese History

Multisyllabication and Phonological Simplification Throughout Chinese History Wang Feng Most combinations of morphemes in early Chinese are generative. Therefore, the morpheme is the basic grammatical unit. In other words, morphemes and words are not distinguishable in early Chinese. In modern Chinese, however, combinations of morphemes may be generative or non-generative. Morphemes in non-generative combinations are not basic units but rather constituents of basic units. From an evolutionary perspective, the basic units of the Chinese language developed from a single tier (morpheme/word) to a double tier (morpheme and word) constitution (Wang 2015). Interestingly, some researchers have correlated monosyllabic to multisyllabic1 change, phonological simplification, and language contact. Scholars like Wang (1958) hypothesized that the latter two cause the syllabic change. Conversely, Zhang (1939) argued that the simplification of phonology does not cause an increase of homophones if the vocabulary is limited. He suggested that the great lexical expansion during the Western Zhou dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period activated multisyllabication. Additionally, Lü (1963) supported this theory based on twentieth-century observations of a significant increase of disyllabic words that were void of preceding phonological changes. [End Page 714] Commenting on the above theories, Sampson (2015) points out that “if it should be that the shift from monosyllabic to disyllabic words took place before the contrast-eliminating sound changes, those changes would not have created much homophony between words when they occurred, so Chinese would not be an exception to the generalization about homophony avoidance” (emphasis his). However, he rejects this possibility based on indirect evidence (for more details please refer to his paper). One example is that the type of synonym compounding seems to be ‘pointlessly redundant’ if it arose earlier than phonological mergers. In fact, synonym compounding contributed greatly in at least two aspects of expression. First, synonyms often have several meanings, yet compounds are monosemous. According to Wang (2000), the constituents of the six examples in Sampson’s paper have the following numbers of meanings. 1 2 3 5 3 2 6 2 2 5 2 1 Only two of the twelve characters are monosemous, while the others are polysemous. For instance, the character péng () has six meanings. However, all of the six compounds are monosemous. Therefore, such compounding is a means of de-ambiguity. Second, compounding synonyms is a means of semantic generation. For instance, péng () and yŏu () indicate different types of friends. The former indicates friends sharing the same teacher, while the latter means friends sharing the same ideal.2 The compound generalizes the meaning as ‘friend’. The characters fén () and mù () indicate different kinds of tombs. The former indicates a mounded tomb, while the latter means a flat tomb. The compound is generalized as ‘tomb’. These two functions—de-ambiguity and generalization—are certainly important for linguistic expression. In Sampson’s words, “Nevertheless, it seems unlikely that in general the shift to disyllabic vocabulary could have preceded the loss of phonemic contrasts.” Below, I provide direct evidence to show the likelihood that a shift from monosyllabic to disyllabic words took place [End Page 715] before the loss of phonemic contrasts. The data of multisyllabic words in Chinese across time are taken from Li (2011). Only those documents with confirmed dates have been selected. The percentages of multisyllabic words (shown below as % of MW) in those documents are listed in the following tables. Click for larger view View full resolution Table 1. Multisyllabic Words in Old Chinese Click for larger view View full resolution Table 2. Multisyllabic Words in Middle Chinese Click for larger view View full resolution Table 3. Multisyllabic Words in Chinese since the Tang Dynasty The data in the three tables may be summarized in the following diagram. Y-axis indicates the proportion of multisyllabic words, while X-axis indicates years before present. For standard dating purposes, 2000 CE is taken as the present. [End Page 716] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Rise of Multisyllabic Words in Chinese Figure 1 shows that multisyllabic words have increased continuously with time. There were two significant leaps during this process. The first dramatic increase occurred from 2400 BP to 2200 BP—the Warring States period...

Feasibility of the Application of Common Law Double Tier Model in China from the Burden of Proof Perspective

Since just cause and other behaviors that exclude social harmfulness are not included in constitution of a crime, the distribution of burden of proof is not clear. Behaviors that exclude social harmfulness is the content of the defense of just cause in British and American double tier model and the burden of proof is clear. We cannot introduce or borrow the British and American double tier model to clearly exclude the burden of proof of behaviors which have social harmfulness for it could lead to the increase of the accused’s burden of proof and therefore causes inability of proofing, the burden of proof of both the prosecuting and defending parties mixed and conflict, and no way for bearing the burden of proof for the accused.

A Post X-bar Theory Framework: A Double Tier Approach to Sentence Creation

A Post X-bar Theory Framework: A Double Tier Approach to Sentence Creation

Islamic banking in Pakistan: Fiqa-e-Jaferia offers optimization

Islamic banking is an initiative of State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) and Shariah scholars for purifying the financial and economic system of Pakistan from interest (Riba). The framework of Islamic banking guides banks to customize their policies and product mix in conformance with Shariah standards. Despite targeting a noble cause of eliminating interest (Riba) from the economy of Pakistan, the existing practices of Islamic banks and certain aspects of the framework of Islamic banking face logical objections. Due to inappropriate operational measures, Islamic banks are yet criticized for not having embraced Islam completely. Islamic banks are found adopting Islam in parts and chunks. Islamic banks are epitomized by certain sect instead of Islam and further, they are not imbued to alleviate poverty from mass root level being mere commercial enterprises. Fiqa-e-Jaferia explains Islam based on the Holy Quran and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (SAAW) explained by Imams in his Ahl-e-Bait (AS). By now, the Islamic banking framework and Islamic banks are not benefited by the input and support of Fiqa-e-Jaferia. The study discovered that the aforementioned objections on Islamic banking can be rectified through incorporating guidance of Fiqa-e-Jaferia. In January 2008, this study joined an Islamic bank that was functioning as per Fiqa-e-Hanafi to observe and experience the norms and practices in Islamic banks. It investigated and interpreted the root cause of short comings in Islamic banking rendering it objectionable. Since January 2008 to date, the study compared the two major fiqas that are Fiqa-e-Jaferia and Fiqa-e-Hanafi with the intention of contributing a consensus on Islamic banking for strengthening this noble cause. In the light of Fiqa-e-Jaferia, the study has identified Kibor Halal for SBP and number of opportunities for SBP, Islamic banks and stakeholders for optimizing the framework and practices of Islamic banking. The study recommends a solution to resolve all objections on Islamic banks and Islamizing the entire banking industry within three steps. It recommends engaging SBP, banks and their clients in a double tier master slave relationship such as Slave 1 (bank) – Master (SBP) – Slave 2 (client) to get the entire banking functions Halal with a little modification in the mechanism of banking. It invites divergent Muslim scholars and SBP to reach a consensus considering Islamic banking as a national cause instead of keeping it as a mere commercial movement. It offers opportunities for further research, development and unity among divergent sects to strengthen both Islamic banking and Pakistan. The ultimate milestone is recommended to be an Islamic financial system seeking interest free economy, implementing real spirit of Islamic financial culture shielded from capitalistic and satanic intentions and norms.

Effect of three different fibre sources on the breeder rabbits’ performance during gestation and lactation period

A study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance of rabbits fed diets containing three different cereal by-products as fibre sources. Wheat offal, maize offal and brewers dried grain were used to formulate the experimental diet and designated as D1, D2 and D3, respectively. Fifteen (15) sexually matured mixed bred rabbits comprising 12 does and 3 bucks, with average body weight range of 1850.0 to 2020.0g, were assigned to three treatment groups of 4 does to 1 buck. Each group was assigned to one of the experimental diets in a completely randomized design. The rabbits were housed individually in a double tier hutch throughout the experimental period of 6 months. Litter traits did not differ (P>0.05) between the treatment groups. Average weekly body weights during gestation differed (P

Double tier cross nesting design models

Inference is presented, first for balanced cross nesting models and then for the corresponding two tier models. These models are obtained nesting all the treatments of one model inside each treatment of the other model. An application is presented and the algebraic structure of the models is discussed using Commutative Jordan Algebras.

TIME‐TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIPS FOR IQF SHRIMP WITH LIQUID NITROGEN AND ITS QUALITY ASSESSMENT

ABSTRACTExperiments were conducted to study the time temperature relationship during freezing of individual raw shrimp by dipping in Liquid Nitrogen. Four sets of experiments were conducted. The first set involved the assessment of the temperature profile of the gaseous nitrogen environment in a thermocole container with varying quantity of liquid nitrogen. The next two sets of experiments involved direct dipping of the raw shrimp in a liquid nitrogen bath in a thermocole container using perforated stainless steel tray suspended by means of a wire loop, one in a single tier and the other in a double tier. The fourth set was conducted in a laboratory model tunnel provided with immersion freezing facility. In each case, the dipping time was progressively increased from 5 s to 30 s at 5 s increments. The time‐temperature relationships obtained were compared with those from available literature and were found to exhibit similar trend.The quality of the frozen shrimp was also studied in terms of pH, TVB, TMA and Indole content. It was observed that dipping shrimp in liquid nitrogen for the specified period retained the quality well within the acceptable commercial limit.

New Design Concept for Dryer Part of the Board Machine

Increasing of the paper machine operation speed urges to introduce the new design concept and technology for not only Wet-end but also dryer part.We, IHI-Voith group. develop the new technology such as the Duo-stabilizer system for single tier dryer layout, the Duo-stabilizator for improved double tier layout, rope-less tail transfer system and the Duo-cleaner which is the cleaning system for canvas, felt and wire with quiet new design in order to solve the problem in dryer part at high speed operation.This report introduces our new design concept of the high speed dryer for any paper grades not only board grade and the advantage of our new equipments.

Corticotectal projections in the cat: anterograde transport studies of twenty-five cortical areas.

Retrograde transport studies have shown that widespread areas of the cerebral cortex project upon the superior colliculus. In order to explore the organization of these extensive projections, the anterograde autoradiographic method has been used to reveal the distribution and pattern of corticotectal projections arising from 25 cortical areas. In the majority of experiments, electrophysiological recording methods were used to characterize the visual representation and cortical area prior to injection of the tracer. Our findings reveal that seventeen of the 25 cortical areas project upon some portion of the superficial layers (stratum zonale, stratum griseum superficiale, and stratum opticum, SO). These cortical regions include areas 17, 18, 19, 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b, posterior suprasylvian area (PS), ventral lateral suprasylvian area (VLS), posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (PMLS), anteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (AMLS), anterolateral lateral suprasylvian area (ALLS), posterolateral lateral suprasylvian area (PLLS), dorsolateral lateral suprasyvian area (DLS), periauditory cortex, cingulate cortex, and the visual portion of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus. While some of these corticotectal projections target all superficial laminae and sublaminae, others are more discretely organized in their laminar-sublaminar distribution. Only the corticotectal projections arising from areas 17 and 18 are exclusively related to the superficial layers. The remaining 15 pathways innervate both the superficial and intermediate and/or deep layers. The large intermediate gray layer (stratum griseum intermedium; SGI) receives projections from almost every cortical area; only areas 17 and 18 do not project ventral to SO. All corticotectal projections to SGI vary in their sublaminar distribution and in their specific pattern of termination. The majority of these projections are periodic, or patchy, and there are elaborate (double tier, bridges, or streamers) modes of distribution. We have attempted to place these findings into a conceptual framework that emphasizes that the SGI consists of sensory and motor domains, both of which contain a mosaic of connectionally distinct afferent compartments (Illing and Graybiel, '85, Neuroscience 14:455-482; Harting and Van Lieshout, '91, J. Comp. Neurol. 305:543-558). Corticotectal projections to the layers ventral to SGI, (stratum album intermediale, stratum griseum profundum, and stratum album profundum) arise from thirteen cortical areas. While an organizational plan of these deeper projections is not readily apparent, the distribution of several corticotectal inputs reveals some connectional parcellation.

Pappas on the Role of Sensations in Reid's Theory of Perception

In a recently published paper,' George Pappas examines two questions, one, did Thomas Reid defend some form of direct realism regarding sensory perception, and, two, what role or roles do sensations play in Reid's account of perception? Pappas develops two main conclusions. One is that, despite some textual evidence to the contrary, Reid is best interpreted as holding both perceptual direct realism and epistemic direct realism. Crucial to showing Reid held the former is establishing that for him even though sensations accompany or are even required for perception, they are not intermediaries the perception of which is required for the perception of external physical objects. Crucial to showing Reid held epistemic direct realism is establishing that for him knowledge of sensations is not required for knowledge of material objects.' The other main conclusion is that a perception for Reid is best construed as a state or event involving first, one or more sensations, second, an irresistible non-inferential belief (an INB) in some presently existing object or state of affairs, and third, the fact that the sensation or sensations cause the belief. This, the preferred version of what Pappas calls a single-tier analysis, is superior to a double-tier interpretation, according to which Reid essentially restricted perception to an INB. To make this case Pappas argues for two theses. One is the philosophical thesis that the preferred single tier analysis is superior to the double tier analysis because unlike the latter, it (i) recognizes that perception has sensuous as well as conceptual or intentional content and (z) is fully compatible with perceptual direct realism.3 The

The wound healing and haemocyte response in the skin of the lesser octopus Eledone cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the presence of Vibrio tubiashii

The sequential response of wound closure in the skin of the lesser octopus Eledone cirrhosa is described following experimentally induced infections by the Gram‐negative bacterium, Vibrio tubiashii. Results show that the post‐infection healing response varied considerably from the response observed in non‐infected wounds reported previously. Prominent among the findings was the much more extensive haemocyte response noted throughout healing when compared with non‐infected wounds. In addition, there was a generalized inhibition of epidermal migration so that wound closure was never completed during the experiment. The presence of a ‘double tier’ amorphous zone was evident at certain stages of the healing response and the implications of this finding in relation to post‐infection wound closure is discussed.

The Interactions of Cage Size, Cage Level, Social Density, Fearfulness, and Production of Single Comb White Leghorns

Pullets representing ten matings of Single Comb White Leghorns were housed in three sizes of double tier cages. Egg production and fearfulness were measured on a cage basis when the birds were 60 to 64 weeks of age. Livability from 20 to 64 weeks was measured within matings, cage sizes and cage tiers. There were significant differences among matings for both egg production and fearfulness. Hens housed in the top tier of cages layed at a lower rate and were more fearful than those housed in the bottom tier. Increasing the number of birds per cage while holding area per bird constant tended to influence both egg production and fearfulness more than did holding number of birds constant and changing the area per bird. Livability was not significantly influenced by mating, cage tier or cage size. Within matings, fearfulness and egg production as well as fearfulness and livability tended to be negatively related. Over matings within either cage size or cage tier there was no relationship between these factors, indicating a genetic component to the relationship between fearfulness and either egg production or livability.

The development of the embryo sac of sunflower Helianthus annuus after fertilization

The degeneration of one synergid denotes the initiation of embryo and endosperm development in the embryo sac of sunflower Helianthus annuus L. The other synergid, the persistent synergid, is present until the late globular stage of embryogenesis. The primary endosperm nucleus divides before the zygote nucleus forming a coenocytic nuclear endosperm. When about eight endosperm nuclei are present during the early globular stage of embryogenesis, endosperm wall formation starts at the micropylar end of the embryo sac. The walls continue to grow toward the chalazal end of the embryo sac apparently as a result of the activity of Golgi located at the tips of the growing walls. Most endosperm wall formation is not associated with a mitotic spindle apparatus in sunflower. The suspensor of the embryo consists of a large basal cell during the proembryo stages, a single row of cells during the early globular stages, and at the late globular stage a double tier of cells near the radicle end of the embryo and a single row at the micropylar end of the embryo sac. Occasionally embryo development occurs in the absence of endosperm when only single fertilization has taken place. The development and nutritional implications of post-fertilization events in the sunflower embryo sac are discussed.