Double Tapes Research Articles

Implications of Long-Term Double Eyelid Tape Use.

The widespread adoption of double eyelid tapes (DET) to achieve thedesired double eyelid aesthetic has prompted investigations into their long-term effects. Given the delicate and complex anatomy of the eyelid, concerns have emerged about the impact of DETs on eyelid structure and the outcomes of subsequent surgical procedures. A cohort of 267 outpatients from our department was recruited between January 2022 and January 2024 to participate in a survey assessing the usage of double eyelid tape (DET). Eyelid laxity was subsequently tested in all outpatients using the Vertical Lid Pull and Parallel Lid Pull methods. Among all participants, 33 underwent double eyelid surgery, with 22 having a history of excessive DET usage and 11 with no DET usage. Post-operative outcomes, including operation duration, satisfaction levels, and complications were recorded. Additionally excised eyelid skin tissues during surgery underwent Masson's staining and EVG staining to analyze collagen and elastic fibers. Among surveyed outpatients (mean age: 23.79 ± 3.71years, 99.63% female, mean BMI: 21.56 ± 1.75kg/m2), 56.55% had oculopathy with ametropia being predominant (53.93%). Hooded eyelids were the most prevalent congenital condition (62.54%). Nearly half (49.44%) used Double Eyelid Tapes (DET) for 1-2years, with 70.04% experiencing discomfort and 70.79% reporting permanent eyelid shape change. Lid pull measurements showed no significant difference in vertical pulls between DET users and non-users, but parallel pulls varied significantly (p<0.05). Complications like asymmetry, numbness, and hypertrophic scars were exclusive to DET users. Physician evaluations favored non-DET users significantly (p<0.05). Histological analysis revealed an interesting finding that individuals using DET have higher collagen levels and notable changes in skin structure when compared to non-users. Prolonged use of double eyelid tape (DET) may result in eyelid laxity, impacting ocular health and complicating blepharoplasty procedures. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Efficacy of five nematicides against root-knot nematode when applied via single and double drip tapes in a Florida sandy soil.

The efficacy of drip-applied nematicides depends on adequate product distribution, which can be difficult in sandy soils. Three new non-fumigant nematicides (fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, fluopyram), together with two old nematicides, oxamyl and metam potassium, were evaluated when applied via single and double drip tapes to control root-knot nematode in cucumber and squash in Florida between February 2020 and December 2022. Nematicide applications via double drip tapes resulted in lower root gall infection (and tend to have higher yield) as compared to a single tape for fluopyram, but no difference was noted between single and double tapes for oxamyl and fluazaindolizine. Fluensulfone response was somewhere in between and metam potassium had higher squash yield when applied with double tapes. Root-knot infection was higher in cucumber than in squash, and metam potassium had the highest yields and lowest nematode infection compared to other nematicide treatments. The benefit of double versus single drip tapes depended on the type of nematicide that was applied and was evident for nematicides that have poor water solubility like fluopyram. Some benefit was noted for metam potassium, but no or limited benefit was noted for oxamyl, fluazaindolizine and fluensulfone. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of a proprioceptive focal stimulation (Equistasi®) on reducing the biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury in female footballers.

Football presents a high rate of lower limb injuries and high incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture, especially in women. Due to this there is the need to optimize current prevention programs. This study aims to verify the possibility to reduce the biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury, through the application of proprioceptive stimulation by means of the Equistasi® device. Ten elite female footballers were enrolled and received the device for 4 weeks (5 days/week, 1h/day). Athletes were assessed directly on-field at four time points: T0 and T1 (evaluation without and with the device), T2 (after 2 weeks), T4 (after 4 weeks) while performing two different tasks: Romberg Test, and four sidestep cutting maneuvers bilaterally. Seven video cameras synchronized with a plantar pressure system were used, thirty double colored tapes were applied on anatomical landmarks, and three dimensional coordinates reconstructed. Vertical ground reaction forces and center of pressure data were extracted from the plantar pressure insoles. Hip, knee, and ankle flexion-extension angles and moments were computed as well as abd-adduction joint torques. From the Romberg Test both center of pressure descriptive variables and frequency analysis parameters were extracted. Each variable was compared among the different time frames, T1, T2 and T4, through Friedman Test for non-parametric repeated measures (p<0.05); Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used for comparing variables between T0 and T1 (p<0.05) and across the different time frames as follows: T1-T2, T2-T4 and T1-T4. Statistically significant differences in both posturographic and biomechanical variables between the assessment at T0 and T1 were detected. Reduced hip and knee abduction torques were revealed in association with reduced both ground reaction forces and ankle dorsiflexion torque from T1 up to T4. The proprioceptive stimuli showed to have the potential to improve cutting biomechanics mainly with respect to the ligament and quadriceps dominance theories. Results of the present study, even if preliminary and on a small sample size, could be considered promising towards the inclusion of proprioceptive training in injury prevention programs.

Test and Analysis of Laboratory-Scale D-Shaped Co-Wound No-Insulation HTS Single Pancake Coil for TF Coil Application

No-insulation (NI) high temperature superconductor (HTS) toroidal field (TF) coil or its variations have been regarded as potential options for a compact, high magnetic field tokamak due to compactness in size and robustness in operational reliability. However, its real application still faces multiple challenges, e.g., limited experience in the design, construction, and operation of “D-shaped” NI HTS coils for toroid magnets. Here we report, as the first attempt in Korea, fabrication, test, and analysis of a reduced size D-shaped NI HTS single pancake coil to explore the feasibility of NI HTS technology in TF coil. The D-shaped NI HTS coil is designed to be 1/20 of the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) TF coil in height. One of the three test coils is wound with single HTS tape, and the other two test coils are co-wound with double and triple tapes, respectively. Current charging/discharging tests and sudden discharge tests were conducted for each coil, and the results are analyzed by the well-known lumped circuit model of a typical NI HTS coil. The results show possible variations in the contact resistance during charging and sudden discharge within a coil.

Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Shoelace Repair with Internal Bracing for Treating Throwing Athletes Who Have Ulnar Collateral Ligament Instability

This Technical Note aimed to present a surgical technique of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) shoelace repair using suture anchors and double suture tapes in combination with internal bracing to correct UCL instability along with epiphyseal avulsion of the medial epicondyle in throwing athletes Skeletally immature throwing athletes playing baseball and softball are at a risk of sustaining medial epicondyle epiphyseal separation that can result in UCL instability, predisposing to elbow UCL disruption later. There are several surgical techniques that can restore elbow UCL function and stability. In cases where large fragments of the medial epicondyle are present in skeletally immature athletes, the residual bony fragment and the shortened, chronically injured UCL make surgical treatment quite challenging. Recent studies have shown that UCL repair with internal bracing can effectively treat acute UCL injury. However, this procedure is not ideal for restoring large disruption of the UCL such as fragmentation. Here, we present a surgical technique of UCL shoelace repair using suture anchors with double suture tapes in combination with internal bracing for correcting UCL instability concurrent with epiphyseal fragmentation of medial epicondyle in throwing athletes.

Experimental Analysis of Quench Characteristic in HTS Tapes and Coils

Normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) and minimum quench energy (MQE) are the important parameters for quench protection of superconducting magnets. In this research, a series of experiments were conducted on single-length conductor, small coils, and parallel double conductors made of YBCO and BSCCO high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes at the liquid nitrogen temperature, and their normal zone propagation velocities and minimum quench energies were tested and analyzed. The experimental results show that the NZPVs of HTS single-length tape, parallel double tapes, and coils are closely related to the critical current ratio i of HTS tapes. When i is in a certain range, the NZPV is approximately proportional to i, and similarly, MQE is inversely proportional to i.

Second law analysis of a hybrid nanofluid in tubes equipped with double twisted tape inserts

Entropy generation rates for flow of a novel hybrid nanofluid containing graphene–platinum nanoparticles in tubes equipped with double twisted tapes, which can develop diverse swirling flows, are analyzed based on the second law of thermodynamics. The twisted tapes under study include double co-twisted tapes and double counter twisted tapes with various twisted ratios. Based on the obtained results, using the double counter twisted tapes is recommended since they demonstrate the lower entropy generation rate (i.e. smaller overall irreversibility) compared with the double co-twisted tapes. The double counter twisted tapes are able to create more intense swirl flows, disturb boundary layer and reduce total entropy generation rate more than double co-twisted tapes. Smaller irreversibility for the double counter twisted tapes is a pleasant outcome based on the second law of thermodynamics. Furthermore, using lower twisted ratios is suggested since although with the twisted ratio reduction, the frictional entropy generation augments, the thermal entropy generation reduces and due to dominance of thermal entropy generation, total entropy generation decreases. In the case of double counter twisted tape, the global thermal entropy generation rate reduces around 10% with decreasing the twisted ratio from 3.5 to 2.5 at concentration of 0.06%. Moreover, the results reveal that using the nanofluid instead of the base fluid decreases total entropy generation and consequently overall irreversibility. Indeed, adding the graphene–platinum nanoparticles, even in low concentrations, profoundly reduces the thermal entropy generation while the frictional entropy generation increases slightly. Thereby, in the case of double co-twisted tapes with twisted ratio of 3, increasing the concentration from 0% to 0.1% causes 14% decrement in the global thermal entropy generation.

High transport Jc in stainless steel/Ag-Sn double sheathed Ba122 tapes

In this study, we report that the transport critical current density Jc of Ba122 tapes can be significantly enhanced by using the harder stainless steel (SS)/Ag-Sn double sheath. A high Jc value of 1.4 × 105 A cm−2 (at 4.2 K and 10 T) was achieved in SS/Ag-Sn alloyed double sheathed tapes by cold pressing. Even for as-rolled tapes, the Jc exceeds the practical level of 105 A cm−2 in magnetic fields up to 10 T. More interestingly, a high Jc value of 5.5 × 104 A cm−2 at 10 T was obtained by a heat treatment with a very low temperature of 550 °C. The microstructure investigations reveal that the higher core density of the Ba122 tapes with uniform deformation and better grain alignment are responsible for the superior Jc-field performance.

Effects of cleaning and disinfection of thermoplastic masks on hospital infection in patients receiving precise radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective To investigate the effects of cleaning and disinfection of thermoplastic masks on the hospital infection in patients receiving precise radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods A prospective study was performed among 102 patients receiving precise radiotherapy for NPC from 2013 and 2016, consisting of 18 patients with early-stage (I, Ⅱ) disease and 84 patients with advanced (Ⅲ, IV) disease. All patients were randomly divided into group A and group B using a random number table. For group A, the marker lines of thermoplastic masks were sandwiched by double plastic tapes; cleaning and disinfection plus ultraviolet (UV) disinfection were applied to the masks 1 h prior to radiotherapy and immediately after radiotherapy. For group B, only conventional UV disinfection was applied to the masks. The surface of the masks was examined and hospital infection during radiotherapy was evaluated. Results At the 18th radiotherapy, group A had a significantly lower mask surface colony count than group B (7.90±6.50 vs. 139.05±129.29 CFU/cm2,P=0.000). Group A also had a significantly lower incidence of hospital infection than group B (72.5% vs. 88.2%, P=0.046). For the patients with early stage NPC, particularly, there was no significant difference in the incidence of infection between the two groups (55.6% vs. 66.7%, P=0.629). For patients with advanced NPC, group A had a significantly lower incidence of infection than group B (76.2% vs. 92.9%, P=0.035). There were no significant differences in incidence rates of oral mucosal, skin, and respiratory system infections between the two groups (47.1% vs. 51.0%, P=0.692; 17.6% vs. 23.5%, P=0.463; 7.8% vs. 13.7%, P=0.338). In both groups A and B, the incidence of oral mucosal infection was significantly higher than the incidence rates of skin infection (P=0.001, 0.000) and respiratory system infection (P=0.004, 0.000). Conclusions Thermoplastic mask is one of the risk factors for hospital infection in patients receiving precise radiotherapy for NPC. Timely cleaning and disinfection plus UV disinfection can significantly reduce the surface colony count and the incidence of hospital infection in patients with NPC, particularly in those with advanced NPC receiving precise radiotherapy. The incidence of hospital infection is the highest in the oral mucosa, followed by the skin and the respiratory system. Key words: Thermoplastic mask; Cleaning disinfection; Hospital infection; Nasopharyngeal neoplasms/radiotherapy

Heat transfer enhancement in tubular heat exchanger with double V-ribbed twisted-tapes

An experimental work on heat transfer enhancement in a round tube by insertion of double twisted tapes in common with 30° V-shaped ribs has been conducted. Air as the test fluid flowed through the test tube having a constant wall heat-flux with Reynolds number (Re) from 5300 to 24,000. The combined vortex generators (called “V-ribbed twisted tape”) were obtained by incorporating V-shaped ribs into the edges of double co-twisted tapes having a similar twist ratio of 4. The effect of pertinent V-rib parameters such as four relative rib heights, (called “blockage ratio”, BR=b/D= 0.07, 0.09, 0.14 and 0.19) and a relative rib pitch, (PR=P/D=1.9) at an attack angle of rib, α=30° on thermal characteristics was investigated. The experimental results reveal that the heat transfer and pressure drop in terms of the respective Nusselt number and friction factor for the V-ribbed twisted tapes show the increasing trend with the rise of Re and BR. The V-ribbed twisted tape with BR=0.19 yields the highest heat transfer and friction factor. However, the maximum thermal enhancement factor is about 1.4 for the V-ribbed twisted tape at BR=0.09 but is around 1.09 for the twisted tape with no rib.

Thermal performance of tubular heat exchanger with multiple twisted-tape inserts

The paper presents an experimental investigation on enhanced heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics by using single, double, triple, and quadruple twisted-tape inserts in a round tube having a uniform heat-fluxed wall. The investigation has been conducted in the heat exchanger tube inserted with various twisted-tape numbers for co- and counter-twist arrangements for the turbulent air flow, Reynolds number (Re) from 5300 to 24000. The typical single twisted-tape inserts at two twist ratios, y/w=4 and 5, are used as the base case, while the other multiple twisted-tape inserts are at y/w=4 only. The experimental results of heat transfer and pressure drop in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f), respectively, reveal that Nu increases with the increment of Re and of twisted-tape number. The values of Nu for the inserted tube are in a range of 1.15–2.12 times that for the plain tube while f is 1.9–4.1 times. The thermal enhancement factor of the inserted tube under similar pumping power is evaluated and found to be above unity except for the single and the double co-twisted tapes. The quadruple counter-twisted tape insert provides the maximum thermal performance.

Effects of Anion and Bipyridyl Bridging Ligand Identity on the Co(II) Coordination Networks

Five new coordination polymers, {[Co(OAc)2(bpe)(H2O)]·0.5(dmf)}n (1), {[Co(bpy)2(H2O)4][Co(tfa)(bpy)2(H2O)3](tfa)3·1.5(bpy)}n (2), [Co(tfa)2(dps)4]n (3), {[Co(tfa)2(bpe)4]·H2O}n (4), and [Co(tfa)2(bpp)4]n (5) (where AcO– = CH3CO2–; tfa– = CF3CO2–; bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine; bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane; bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane; dps = 4,4′-dipyridyl sulfide; dmf = N,N′-dimethylformamide) were synthesized by the reactions of Co(OAc)2·4H2O and Co(tfa)2·4H2O with different dipyridyl ligands and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compound 1 exhibits extended two-dimensional (2D) networks through the bridging AcO– and bpe ligands. The polymeric motifs in 2–5 are exclusively based on bipyridine-type ligands and results in 1D cationic chains in 2, similar charge-neutral double tapes in 3 and 4, and a 2D polymeric network in 5. In 2–5, the tfa anions coordinate to the Co(II) center in a monodentate mode. An impact of the anion’s fluorination on coordination modes and supramolecular architectures is registered. Magnetic measurements reveal almost vanishing exchange interactions in the layered materials 1 and 5. The correlation of mechanical properties and crystal structure has been demonstrated for 1.

Thermal Performance in Circular Tube with Co/Counter-Twisted Tapes

Thiswork presents an experimental study on enhanced heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics in a tube having a uniform heat-fluxed wall by using small double and triple co-and counter-twisted tapes at two twist ratios, y/w=4 and 4.5. The investigation has been conducted for Reynolds number from 5300-20,000. The experimental results of the heat transfer and pressure drop are proposed in terms of Nusselt number and friction factor, respectively.The experimental results reveal thatthe maximum TEF for the triple counter-twisted tapesat smaller twist ratio isabout 1.26.

Effects of Irrigation Water Quality and Drip Tape Arrangement on Soil Salinity, Soil Moisture Distribution, and Cotton Yield (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang, China

More and more attention is being focused on saline water utilization in irrigation due to the shortage of fresh water to agriculture in many regions. For purpose of reducing the risks of using of saline water for irrigation, the mechanism of soil moisture and salinity distribution and transport should be well understood for developing optimum management strategies. In this paper, field experiments were carried out at Junggar Basin, China, to study the effects of drip irrigation water quality and drip tape arrangement on distribution of soil salinity and soil moisture. Six treatments were designed, including two drip tape arrangement modes and three irrigation water concentration levels (0.24, 4.68, and 7.42 dS m−1). Results showed that, soil moisture content (SMC) directly beneath the drip tape in all treatments kept a relatively high value about 18% before boll opening stage; the SMC in the narrow strip in single tape arrangement (Ms) plot was obviously lower than that in the double tapes arrangement (Md) plot, indicating that less sufficient water was supplied under the same condition of irrigation depth, but there was no significant reduction in yield. Mulching had not significant influence on salt accumulation but the drip tape arrangement, under the same condition of irrigation water depth and quality, compared with Md, Ms reduced salt accumulation in root zone and brought about relatively high cotton yield.

Trimethyl 2,2′,2′′-[1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyltris(azanediyl)]triacetate

The title compound, C12H18N6O6, was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution by reacting 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine with glycine methyl ester hydro­chloride in reflux (dried toluene) under anhydrous atmosphere. Individual mol­ecules self-assemble via strong N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into supra­molecular double tapes running parallel to the [010] crystallographic direction. The close packing of supra­molecular tapes is mediated by geometrical reasons in tandem with a number of weaker N—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter­actions.

Residual entropy of quasi-one-dimensional water systems

Water systems allow for numerous configurations differing by the directions of hydrogen bonds. Formally defined configurational entropy is a measure of the number of hydrogen bond networks. In the case of ice it corresponds to experimentally known residual entropy. There exist numerous quasi-one-dimensional water systems with different morphologies: chains, ribbons, ice nanotubes, etc. In the present paper we determined residual entropy for different classes of quasi-one-dimensional systems: tapes of the types Tn(1), Tn(1)m(1), Tn(0)Am, Tn(2), Tn(2)m(2); double tapes 2T6(2), 2T5(2)7(2); square-net sheets; ice nanotubes, including helical ones. To do so we applied the transfer-matrix method. In the case of single tapes it provided the analytical solution while the residual entropy of the other systems is found numerically. The analytical and numerical results demonstrate that the dependence of the number of configurations on the morphology of the water system is non-trivial: the residual entropy is invariant with respect to some structural characteristics but it is strongly affected by others.

2-[N-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)carbamoyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoic acid

The title compound, C14H5F6NO3, was synthesized by condensation of tetra­fluoro­phthalic anhydride and 2,4-difluoro­aniline. It was then recrystallized from hexane to give a nonmerohedral twin with two crystallographically unique mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The refined twin fraction is 0.460 (3). Torsional differences between the aryl rings and the central amide group account for the presence of two unique mol­ecules. The compound packs as double tapes formed by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between each unique mol­ecule and its symmetry equivalents.

Bending Strain Characteristics of Critical Current in Double-Layered Bi-2223 Superconducting Tapes

The evaluation of reliability of HTS tapes is necessary for practical applications such as magnet, power cables, motors, SMES and HTS coils. The bending strain effect on the critical current, Ic, in multifilamentary Bi-2223 HTS tapes have been investigated. Single and double layered tapes (for high current capacity) were subjected to thermal and pressurization cycles at pressurized liquid nitrogen (LN2) up to 1 MPa. After the pressurization test, the subsequent occurrence of damage like ballooning due to the diffusion and expansion of LN2 into the tapes were investigated and compared. The Bi-2223 tapes showed different Ic degradation behavior depending upon the geometry and ratio of reinforcement to superconductor adopted.

Self-assembly of tetrathiafulvalene derivatives at a liquid/solid interface—compositional and constitutional influence on supramolecular ordering

The self-assembly of a series of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives at the interface between non-volatile organic solutions and the graphite surface has been studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The TTFs have been prepared such that they bear none, one, two (in different constitutions) or four alkyl chains of different lengths and different functional groups. The STM images reveal that the packing of the TTF cores can effectively be controlled by changing the substitution pattern on the heterocycle. Several structures are seen at the interphase—parquet-type packing, single and double core tapes, and even isolated molecules—all of which have the TTF core essentially coplanar with the surface. Molecular modelling has shown that several orientations of the molecules are practically equal in energy on the graphite, which explains the polymorphous packing of some of the molecules. Solvent effects also play a role in determining the 2D structures.

Energy migration in novel pH-triggered self-assembled beta-sheet ribbons.

Energy migration between tryptophan residues has been experimentally demonstrated in self-assembled peptide tapes. Each peptide contains 11 amino acids with a Trp at position 6. The peptide self-assembly is pH-sensitive and forms amphiphilic tapes, which further stack in ribbons (double tapes) and fibrils in water depending on the concentration. Fluorescence spectra, quenching, and anisotropy experiments showed that when the pH is lowered from 9 to 2, the peptide self-assembly buries the tryptophan in a hydrophobic and restricted environment in the interior of stable ribbons as expected on the basis of the peptide design. These fluorescence data support directly and for the first time the presence of such ribbons which are characterized by a highly packed and stable hydrophobic interior. In common with Trp in many proteins, fluorescence lifetimes are nonexponential, but the average lifetime is shorter at low pH, possibly due to quenching with neighboring Phe residues. Unexpectedly, time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy does not change significantly with self-assembly when in water. In highly viscous sucrose-water mixtures, the anisotropy decay at low pH was largely unchanged compared to that in water, whereas at high pH, the anisotropy decay increased significantly. We concluded that depolarization at low pH was not due to rotational diffusion but mainly due to energy migration between adjacent tryptophan residues. This was supported by a master equation kinetic model of Trp-Trp energy migration, which showed that the simulated and experimental results are in good agreement, although on average only three Trp residues were visited before emission.