Double Suspension Research Articles

Positional awake nasoendoscopic pattern-based surgical decision for correction of retropalatal obstruction in OSA.

To evaluate differential surgical interventions for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with single-level retropalatal based on the preoperative topographical diagnosis using nasoendoscopy with Müller's maneuver during supine position (MM-P). This case series included adult patients with OSA who showed a predominant single-level retropalatal collapse on MM-P. An anteroposterior pattern of collapse was managed by an anterior advancement procedure, while a transverse pattern of collapse was managed by lateral/anterolateral advancement procedures (double suspension sutures). A combined procedure was provided to the concentric type of collapse. All patients underwent evaluation of the polysomnography, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) values and snoring scores both preoperatively and 6-8months after surgery. Among 102 patients, the most commonly reported pattern of collapse at the retropalatal level was the concentric pattern (48.04%) followed by the transverse pattern (27.45%). The AP-pattern of collapse was reported in 24.51%. In the postoperative follow-up visits, no early or late complications were reported. All included groups showed significant improvement in polysomnographic data (mean AHI and lowest O2 saturation level). Significant improvement of VAS of snoring was reported. The overall success rate was ˃90%. Preoperative differential diagnosis of OSA with MM-P allows for tailored surgical management. Tailored procedures could yield good surgical outcomes when patients are properly selected and the technique is chosen according to preoperative topographical diagnostic assessment. This study might provide an available less-costly and effective preoperative planning for OSA intervention. 4.

Study on temperature rise and thermal deformation of rotor caused by eddy current loss of magnetic-liquid double suspension bearing

Study on temperature rise and thermal deformation of rotor caused by eddy current loss of magnetic-liquid double suspension bearing

Study on temperature rise and thermal deformation of rotor caused by eddy current loss of magnetic-liquid double suspension bearing

Study on temperature rise and thermal deformation of rotor caused by eddy current loss of magnetic-liquid double suspension bearing

Load carrying capacity of a novel magnetic-liquid double suspension fixed pad thrust bearing

Purpose Proposing a new type of water-lubricated thrust bearing meets the load-bearing requirements of high-power shaft-less rim driven thrusters. Design/methodology/approach The designs were tested by establishing a bearing thermal-fluid-magnetic comprehensive simulation model and developing bearing fluid film force and magnetic simulation. Lubrication performance tests were carried out on the bearing test rig. Findings The Halbach array of magnet blocks is able to reach the maximum magnetic force. The material of sheath can help increase the magnetism. The magnetism is able to reduce wear during low-speed and the start-stop phase, while the eddy current loss at high speeds will lead to a decrease in magnetic force. The experiment found that the bearing was more stable at low speeds and would not demagnetize due to the temperature rise, but it is necessary to pay attention to the running stability at high speeds to prevent rubbing and impact. Originality/value An innovative combination of hydrodynamic pressure and permanent magnetic repulsion was observed to form a magnetic-liquid double suspension bearing with large bearing capacity. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-08-2020-0295

Study on Clearance-Rubbing Dynamic Behavior of 2-DOF Supporting System of Magnetic-Liquid Double Suspension Bearing

As a new type of suspension bearing, Magnetic-Liquid Double Suspension Bearing (MLDSB) is mainly supported by electromagnetic suspension and supplemented by hydrostatic supporting. Its bearing capacity and stiffness can be greatly improved. Because of the small liquid film thickness (it is smaller 10 times than air gap), the eccentricity, crack, bending of the rotor, and the assembly error, it is easy to cause a clearance-rubbing fault between the rotor and stator. The coating can be worn and peeled, the operating stability can be reduced, and then it is one of the key problems of restricting the development and application of MLDSB. Therefore, the clearance-rubbing dynamic equation of 2-DOF system of MLDSB is established and converted into Taylor Series form and the nonlinear components are retained. Dimensionless treatment is carried out by dimensional normalization method. Finally, the rotor displacement response under different rotor eccentricity ratio and rotating speeds is numerically simulated. The studies show that the trajectory of the rotor is periodic elliptic without clearance-rubbing phenomenon when the eccentricity ratio is less than 0.2, while the rotor is greatly affected by the rotation speed and a variety of motions, such as single-period, quasi-period, double-period and chaos, are presented when greater than 0.3. Within the largest range of rotating speed and eccentricity ratio, the rotor presents the single-period trajectory, and then the number of Poincare mapping point is 1, without a clearance-rubbing fault. When the rotational speed is in the scope of (9, 13) krpm and the eccentricity ratio is in the scope of (0.27, 0.4), the number of Poincare mapping point is more than one, the maximum dimensionless rubbing force is −5.7, and then clearance-rubbing fault occurs. The research can provide a theoretical basis for the safe and stable operation of MLDSB.

The fibre of the degree 3 map, Anick spaces and the double suspension

AbstractLet S2n+1{p} denote the homotopy fibre of the degree p self map of S2n+1. For primes p ≥ 5, work by Selick shows that S2n+1{p} admits a non-trivial loop space decomposition if and only if n = 1 or p. Indecomposability in all but these dimensions was obtained by showing that a non-trivial decomposition of ΩS2n+1{p} implies the existence of a p-primary Kervaire invariant one element of order p in $\pi _{2n(p-1)-2}^S$. We prove the converse of this last implication and observe that the homotopy decomposition problem for ΩS2n+1{p} is equivalent to the strong p-primary Kervaire invariant problem for all odd primes. For p = 3, we use the 3-primary Kervaire invariant element θ3 to give a new decomposition of ΩS55{3} analogous to Selick's decomposition of ΩS2p+1{p} and as an application prove two new cases of a long-standing conjecture stating that the fibre of the double suspension $S^{2n-1} \longrightarrow \Omega ^2S^{2n+1}$ is homotopy equivalent to the double loop space of Anick's space.

Studies on surface properties of polyethersulfone membrane by remote argon plasma

Using double suspension probe and electron spin resonance method, we studied the concentration distribution of electrons, ions and free radicals in remote argon plasma and the optimal surface modification region was to be predicted. To be specific, PES membranes were placed in this region and modified by remote argon plasma. In addition, water contact angle measurement, bovine serum albumin separation experiment, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the surface structure and properties of PES membranes. It is found that the relative concentration of electrons and ions in remote region were gradually decreased along the axial. But free radicals still maintain above 90% at the position of 40 cm, which was the best possible surface modification region. The modified PES membranes by remote plasma obtained a higher hydrophilicity and did not showed significant etch on PES membranes surface. And the remote argon plasma contributed more effectively to the oxygen-containing groups (O/C = 0.43) from PES membranes than untreated PES membranes (O/C = 0.18). Moreover, the membrane fouling rate after modification reduced from 70.3% to 64.7% and contact angle decreased from 67° to 18°. The above results indicated that the possibility of free radicals reaction can be enhanced by remote argon plasma.

长输管道单侧双主缆式悬索跨越塔顶锚固装置的设计研究

长输管道单侧双主缆式悬索跨越塔顶锚固装置的设计研究

Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of the Double Wishbone Suspension System

Suspension systems are essential in vehicles to provide both passenger comfort and vibration isolation from road bumps. It is necessary to develop a comprehensive numerical model to study and analyze the dynamic behavior of these systems. This study aims to introduce a comprehensive finite element model to investigate the dynamic behavior of double wishbone vehicle suspension system considering links flexibility. Plane frame element based on Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) is adopted to model the suspension links. Flexibility of the joints connecting the suspension links are modeled using the revolute joint element. Viscoelastic, viscous and proportional damping models are considered to simulate the damping effect. Newmark technique, as unconditionally stable technique is adopted to solve the finite element dynamic equation of motion. The developed procedure is verified by comparing the obtained results with the available analytical and numerical results and an excellent agreement is found. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed model, parametric studies are conducted to show the effects of the road bump profiles, the vehicle speed, and the material damping on the dynamic behavior of suspension system. The obtained results are supportive in the design and manufacturing processes of such suspension systems.

Single versus double suspension sutures for selected cases of obstructive sleep apnea

ObjectiveTo compare the results of expansion pharyngoplasty using bilateral single palatal suspension sutures (SSS) versus double suspension sutures (DSS) for the treatment of selected cases of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with retropalatal collapse. MethodsPatients were randomly categorized into two groups: the first group for whom bilateral SSS were performed and a second group for whom bilateral DSS were done. Snoring on the basis of the visual analog scale (VAS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), apnea hypopnea index (AHI), lowest O2 saturation were assessed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively in all patients. ResultsDSS provided significantly more retroplatal space (p = 0.0137) and less snoring score (p = 0.0005). While no significance difference between SSS and DSS as regard inter pillar distance (p = 0.0985), AHI (p = 0.1677), ESS (p = 0.4094), and lowest O2 saturation (p = 0.0839). ConclusionBoth SSS and DSS are simple, rapid, bloodless and effective procedures for treating OSA (in patients with retropalatal collapse) with no temporary or persistent postoperative complications. Adding the second suture in DSS could significantly enlarge more retropalatal space and reduce more snoring scale than SSS.

New perspectives on the classifying space of the fibre of the double suspension

New perspectives on the classifying space of the fibre of the double suspension

Desain Dan Simulasi Suspensi Sepeda Motor Dengan Solidwork 2012

Motorcycle is one of the means of transportation that is widely used today. The comfort and stability of a motorcycle is determined by the design of the suspension system used in the vehicle. On a motorcycle the suspension system consists of the front and rear suspension which has the same function, which is to reduce vibration due to road field irregularities. In the rear suspension there are two types of suspension systems, this suspension includes double suspension and single suspension or commonly called monoshock. The monoshock suspension system has one spring and one damper in the middle of the Swing Arm and is directly connected to the vehicle body. This suspension system is mostly found on motorbikes with large cc, because the work of the motorcycle suspension system is quite heavy. In the design process of the monoshock suspension system using 2012 solidwork. By using the 2012 solidwork suspension system a suspension design and simulation of the coil spring with several variations of Pitch and Revolution were made to obtain stress, displacement, and strain results with a predetermined load of 1200N. The results of the monoshock suspension simulation are coil springs with Pitch and Revolution, where the lower part of the coil is spongy and the top of the joint has the appropriate stress, displacement and strain values.

The Possibility of Building a Peaceful Regime on the Korean Peninsula Via Multilateral Approaches

Multilateral approaches such as the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization, the Four-Party and Six-Party Talks, and the Trilateral Coordination and Oversight Group (established by the USA, Japan, and South Korea to solve North Korea’s issues and to build a peaceful regime on the Korean Peninsula) have achieved few accomplishments since the Cold War. Exceptions include the avoidance of deadly clashes during ongoing multilateral talks at the time of serious situations including the nuclear crisis in 1994 and the Bush administration’s attempt to strike on North Korea with nuclear weapons. The USA has hesitated to conduct kind military relationships with North Korea because they seem to strongly recognize the high risk associated with physical conflict. Additionally, the USA and its allies have experienced North Korea’s ability with nuclear weapons. Many which have attempted to target the USA during the later years of the Clinton and Bush administrations. Dealing with North Korea contributes to the knowledge of those involved in the Six-Party Talks regarding how to work with the USA and others. Are multilateral approaches still efficient under this situation? Even with a number of several types of proposals such as China’s recent dual-track approach or double suspension approach—also backed by Russia—there seems to be no certain attempt to collaborate on building a peaceful regime. This paper will examine why multilateral approaches to building a peaceful regime post Cold War on the Korean Peninsula have forwarded little to a contextual perspective of the changing regional circumstances.

Local Index Formula for Quantum Double Suspension

Our understanding of the local index formula in noncommutative geometry has stalled for a while because we do not have more than one explicit computation, namely that of Connes for quantum SU(2), and we do not understand the meaning of the various multilinear functionals involved in the formula. In such a situation further progress in understanding necessitates more explicit computations, and here we execute the second explicit computation for the quantum double suspension, a construction inspired by the Toeplitz extension. More specifically, we compute the local index formula for the quantum double suspensions of $$C(\mathcal {S}^2)$$ and the noncommutative 2-torus.

Double suspension sutures: A simple surgical technique for selected cases of obstructive sleep apnoea: Our experience with twenty-two patients.

Double suspension sutures: A simple surgical technique for selected cases of obstructive sleep apnoea: Our experience with twenty-two patients.

Design of a suspension system and determining suspension parameters of a medium downforce small Formula type car

The focus of the paper is on designing a suspension system for a medium downforce small Formula type race car. The paper not only focusses on step by step design for a double wishbone type suspension but will also show the use and role of kinematics software in determining the optimized suspension of the car. The paper will also focus on the use of tire data in determining suspension parameters and the design of the double wishbone suspension. Various parameters, their design importance and the process to optimize them according to suspension design goals will be covered. The easiest and best ways to change the suspension parameters to get the best results will also be covered.

The Parameters Optimizing Design of Double Suspension Arm Torsion Bar in the Electric Sight-Seeing Car by Random Vibration Analyzing Method

This study is about the impact of the performance and the sensitivity analysis for parameters of the torsion bar suspension in the electric sight-seeing car, which the authors’ laboratory designed and which is used in the authors’ university. The suspension stiffness was calculated by using the virtual work principle, the vector algebra, and tensor of finite rotation methods and was verified by the ADAMS software. Based on the random vibration analysis method, the paper analyzed the dynamic tire load (DTL), suspension working space (SWS), and comfort performance parameters. For the purpose of decreasing the displacement of the suspension and limiting the frequency of impacting the stop block, the paper examined the three parameters and optimized the basic parameters of the torsion bar. The results show that the method achieves a great effect and contributes an accurate value for the general layout design.

Ternary Porous Sulfur/Dual-Carbon Architectures for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries Obtained Continuously and on a Large Scale via an Industry-Oriented Spray-Pyrolysis/Sublimation Method.

Ternary composites with porous sulfur/dual-carbon architectures have been synthesized by a single-step spray-pyrolysis/sublimation technique, which is an industry-oriented method that features continuous fabrication of products with highly developed porous structures without the need for any further treatments. A double suspension of commercial sulfur and carbon scaffolding particles was dispersed in ethanol/water solution and sprayed at 180 °C using a spray pyrolysis system. In the resultant composites, the sulfur particles were subjected to an ultrashort sublimation process, leading to the development of a highly porous surface, and were meanwhile coated with amorphous carbon, obtained through the pyrolysis of the ethanol, which acts as an adhesive interface to bind together the porous sulfur with the scaffolding carbon particles, to form a ternary composite architecture. This material has an effective conducting-carbon/sulfur-based matrix and interconnected open pores to reduce the diffusion paths of lithium ions, buffer the sulfur volumetric expansion, and absorb electrolyte and polysulfides. Because of the unique chemistry and the structure, the composites show stable cycling performance for 200 cycles and good rate capability of 520 mAh g(-1) at 2 C. This advanced spray-pyrolysis/sublimation method is easy to scale up and shows great potential for commercialization of lithium/sulfur batteries.

English

English

The Hochschild complex of a twisting cochain

Given any twisting cochain t:C→A, where C is a connected, coaugmented chain coalgebra and A is an augmented chain algebra over an arbitrary commutative ring R, we construct a twisted extension of chain complexes [Display omitted] of which both the well-known Hochschild complex of an augmented, associative algebra and the coHochschild complex of a coaugmented, coassociative coalgebra [13] are special cases. We therefore call H(t) the Hochschild complex of the twisting cochain t.We explore the extent of the naturality of the Hochschild complex construction and apply the results of this exploration to determining conditions under which H(t) admits multiplicative or comultiplicative structure. In particular, we show that the Hochschild complex on a chain Hopf algebra always admits a natural comultiplication.Furthermore, when A is a chain Hopf algebra, we determine conditions under which H(t) admits an rth-power map extending the usual rth-power map on A and lifting the identity on C. As special cases, we obtain that both the Hochschild complex of any cocommutative Hopf algebra and the coHochschild complex of the normalized chain complex of a simplicial double suspension admit power maps.