Double Subordination Research Articles

M. GORKY AND THE HISTORY OF THE RESTORATION OF THE PUSHKIN NATURE RESERVE

The article presents the unknown facts related to the fate of the Pushkin Nature Reserve on the eve of 1937, when the 100th anniversary of A.S. Pushkin’s death was celebrated. The plan of anniversary events for this date included the restoration of the Mikhailovskoye estate, where the poet spent two years in exile. However, the implementation of this project encountered great difficulties. The article talks about the difficult situation of the Pushkin Nature Reserve and the reasons that caused this situation. The big problem of the Reserve was its double subordination: in the 1930s, the land of the Reserve was under the jurisdiction of the Academy of Sciences and the state farm printing house named after Lokhankov. New archival documents from the A.M. Gorky Archive (Moscow, IMLI RAS), Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI), press materials of the 1930s, are being used to show that administrative obstacles, bureaucratic inertia, indifference of senior party officials, and lack of funding brought Pushkin’s estate to the brink of extinction. A.M. Gorky took part in the fate of the Reserve in 1934-1935. As a result, obstacles to the development of the infrastructure of the Pushkin Mountains were removed, restoration work was carried out, and on January 18, 1937, the A.S. Pushkin House-Museum of was opened. It is concluded that Gorky contributed greatly to the restoration of Mikhailovsky.

Public service in wartime

The article is devoted to the organization of activities of public authorities under martial law. The normative legal acts adopted during the war regarding the peculiarities of the organization of labor relations of public servants and the activities of military administrations and their officials have been analyzed. The simplified procedure for admission to the civil service and the flexibility of the legislation in terms of civil service are highlighted. The opinion of scientists regarding the possibility of forming a personnel reserve and the formation of appropriate professional specialized lists of potential candidates for filling positions in the civil service was analyzed, taking into account the professional training of the specialist, his practical experience in the past, as well as the immediate place of work. Reservations were expressed regarding simplified conditions for appointment to civil service positions, which in a certain way violated the basic principles of civil service, namely stability, and professionalism. At the same time, the urgency of restoring the personnel reserve of the civil service was emphasized.The special administrative and legal status of regional military administrations is characterized, because, in addition to the specifics of formation and termination of activity, they are endowed with additional powers to introduce and ensure the implementation of measures of the legal regime and receive double subordination depending on the powers they exercise.It has been found that local self-government bodies (village, settlement, city council; its executive bodies and chairman) will continue to exercise the powers assigned to them by the Law of Ukraine «On Local Self-Government in Ukraine». There are no restrictions on such powers upon the introduction of martial law. Power decisions at the local level remain with local self government bodies, except for those where the military administrations of settlements are conducted.

Research on performance evaluation and optimization of college budget management under the background of big data

Abstract At present, due to the limitations of technology and resources, the comprehensive budget management generally has problems such as imperfect foundation of establishment, weak binding force of execution, and lack of performance appraisal system. These problems become more prominent in the context of the era of big data. The use of big data technology, such as large capacity, real-time control, intelligent Settings and other characteristics, will be able to improve the current many problems. Therefore, this paper focuses on how to combine big data with comprehensive budget management. This paper holds that it is not enough for comprehensive budget management to stay in the current stage, but also need to use big data technology, which is a higher level of information stage. Therefore, this paper adopts the method of double subordination fuzzy support vector machine to study the effect of budget management of scientific research projects in Chinese universities. Based on the construction of comprehensive budget management performance evaluation index system throughout the whole process of college budget cycle, taking S university as an example, this paper analyzes the performance of comprehensive budget management in S university, and points out that big data can optimize and innovate the budget management mode, which has great significance for college budget management.

Journey of Benjamin III: Between Irony and Pathos

The production “The Voyage of Benjamin III”, based on Moycher-Sforim by Alexei Granovsky at GOSET (1927), was the culmination of the theme “farewell to a place”. The new simplicity of form embraced epic and operetta, idyll and tragedy, burlesque and metaphysics, extravaganza and messianic legend, children’s fairy tales and mysticism. Leo Pulver’s music permeated the play, determining the rhythmic course of the entire action, floating between the merry mentality of an operetta and the sad monotony of a lamentation. In Robert Falk’s scenography, the objects on stage were part of the life they represented, but at the same time they fulfilled the function of gymnastic equipment. This double subordination—to both life-image and constructivism—spoke not of compromise, but of playful multi-dimensionality. The combination of naivety and sophistication, fantasy and compassion, biomechanics and psychology, the national and the universal was turned into a formula by Granovsky. The artistic and semantic epicentre of the director’s composition is, in the words of Abram Efros, “the inspired twosome”. The acting of Solomon Mikhoels and Veniamin Zuskin was permeated throughout by the fusion of irony and pathos. Benjamin’s journey was intertwined with the eternal wanderings of the Jews, and sounded lyrical and touching. The play established a modern stage form of the national myth.

Theoretical and legal structure of working control

The article examines the theoretical and legal structure of workers’ control through the prism of institutions such as workers’ meetings and factory committees, trade unions and Councils that used workers’ control as the main tool in the struggle for power. The author proves that conferences of workers’ committees, charters of factory committees, circulars and instructions regulating the functionality of the meeting of workers and factory committees played a significant role in the regulatory provision of work control. Taking into account the declarative nature of the regulations on factory committees (FPC) on the part of the government, the detailing of the relationship of the FPC with the administration of enterprises took place on the basis of precedents, generalization of the practice of the activities of the FPC of large enterprises in the country and the creation of standard forms of charters and instructions for the FPC. The author focuses on the means of implementing working control, such as constant interaction with the use of verbal and documentary means, with the administration of enterprises and their obligation to investigate the violations identified, which was the beginning of systematic working control over administrative and economic activities with a set of specific control functions and tasks. In addition, the process of centralization of the activities of the Federal Labor Committee is shown, which has become the next step in strengthening and developing working control in the state. The author consistently argues the hypothesis that the enterprises actually had dual power and double subordination. In the current situation, there is a natural need for a centralized document regulating the essence and content of working control.

State Guarantees for the Establishment of a Monthly Long-Service Allowance of Academic Staff to a Police Officer Seconded to a Higher Education Institution with Specific Training Conditions to Ensure the Educational Process

The selective establishment of an allowance for pedagogical workers, depending on the subordination and type of educational institution in Ukraine, is a discriminatory attitude towards a certain category of persons who, having the appropriate scientific or teaching experience, provide the educational process without receiving state-guaranteed allowances for this. The study reveals the problem of violation of the right of pedagogical workers among police officers serving in institutions of higher education with specific training conditions to receive allowances for the length of service of an academic worker. It is established that such a supplement is not charged at all to police officers who carry out pedagogical and academic activities in higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the legality of establishing and mandatory payment of scientific surcharges to police officers sent to educational institutions to ensure the educational process. The key methods of research are systematic and structural analysis, which allowed generalising and analysing bylaws, legislative and departmental regulations on the establishment of a long-service allowance for an academic worker to persons involved in ensuring the educational process in educational institutions with double subordination. It is proved that the state guarantee regarding the obligation to establish a long-service allowance for an academic worker, which is provided for by the laws of Ukraine, applies to police officers who are sent to higher educational institutions for service in the positions of educational workers. It is proved that in relation to such police officers, it is the legislative provisions that are special, and not the provisions of bylaws, and therefore, bylaws cannot be applied in case of competition of legal norms. The implementation of legislative and departmental regulations on the state guarantee of the rights of academic workers in terms of calculating the long-service allowance of an academic worker to a police officer sent to a higher education institution for further service as a educational worker and enrolment in the teaching experience of a police officer of periods of work in the positions of pedagogical and academic workers would lead to the expected economic effect, namely, an increase in its monetary support by approximately 10-30% of the official salary established by the educational institution.

Personnel training for the security and defense sector as a prerequisite for ensuring the national security of Ukraine

It has been established that one of the necessary steps in the direction of ensuring national security and citizens’ protection of rights and freedoms is strengthening the institutional, defense and security capabilities of bodies belonging to the security and defense sector. In this regard, it has been argued that a necessary prerequisite for national security is to ensure quality training of specialists for the security and defense sector, which will be able to respond in a timely manner to various crises.
 The current state of such personnel training has been characterized. The range of problematic issues on the agenda of the security and defense sector in the direction of improving the efficiency of its operation and improving education has been identified. It has been established that due to the fact that training for security and defense sector bodies is carried out in higher education institutions with specific training conditions subordinated to the relevant central executive bodies, a situation of double subordination arises: these higher education institutions are simultaneously subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as well as they must comply with the requirements of the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education. The attention has been focused on the discussion that arises in connection with such subordination. In this regard, it has been argued the need to develop a Concept of personnel training for the security and defense sector of Ukraine and outlined the range of issues that should be reflected in it.
 Emphasis has been placed on the need to update the approaches to personnel preparation for the security and defense sector through the introduction of an integrated education system for security and defense staff, within which the principles of specialization and individualization of the personnel training aimed at improving the professional level of specialists should be observed and the introduction of a qualitatively new culture of personnel safety based on the principles and standards of the European Union and NATO.
 It has been emphasized that special attention during training for the security and defense sector staff should be paid to the study of possible scenarios of internal and external threats to national security.
 It has been argued that to ensure quality personnel training for the security and defense sector, it is important to form a quality system of recruitment and staffing of security and defense forces with professional staff, updating approaches to the selection procedure (both professional and psychological, moral) of candidates for service in the security and defense sector; improving the quality of training of scientific personnel who have special knowledge, skills, abilities and methods necessary to solve problems related to the functioning of the security and defense sector; strengthening practical training, in particular conducting trainings focused on providing practical skills and abilities to resolve conflicts without the use of special tools and weapons; improving the quality and intensity of joint training of defense forces to conduct strategic actions.

Fundamental Structures with Reflexive Pronoun in Dative in Romanian

This article focuses on the problem of the functioning of the reflexive pronoun in dative modifying the verb. Based on a substantial corpus, the article refers to the delimitation of its functions, values and nuances, as well as the various fundamental structures in which it appears. Three constructions with their afferent structures are described, from which it appears that the reflexive dative works in two ways: 1) the subcategorization of the verb, receiving the thematic role of recipient or beneficiary and syntactic function of indirect object and 2) the double subordination - to the verb and to a noun in the structure. That is, it does not occupy a position of subcategorization of the verb, but acquires a possessive meaning from this noun and fulfills the function of possessive object, a function without a thematic role.

Meilleures Pratiques Internationales De Lutte Contre Le Terrorisme Et La Criminalite Organisee Par Des Unites Speciales Et Des Services De Detection Et De Repression

Therefore, this unit as a component of the gendarmerie is built on the principle of a military unit. The gendarmerie, one of the few state institutions in France, has been in existence for over 200 years and has a status as DOI: 10.32370/IA_2021_03_07 a significant component of the country's armed forces and is an extremely important part of the police system. The gendarmerie is subordinated to the Ministry of Defense (on the authority of the Main Directorate), and on the ground - to the command of military districts. At the same time, the gendarmerie is at the operational disposal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Justice. Significant autonomy within the Armed Forces allows the gendarmerie to combine military functions with purely police and administrative ones. The difference between police and gendarmerie is that the police are civilian civil servants. They can wear civilian clothes and trade union and political freedoms. Gendarmes also have the status of servicemen and military ranks, always in uniform, not entitled to strike and are responsible for violations in accordance with military charters - from guardians to dismissal from service (for example, for the use of alcohol "in the performance of official duties" the gendarme is threatened arrest for up to 30 days). The need for the creation of the Austrian Special Forces was conditioned by the urgency of taking measures to ensure the safety of the flow of emigrants of Jewish nationality from the former USSR since in autumn 1973 against them was committed serious terrorist act. Special unit "Cobra" enters the warehouse of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and has got a double subordination: through direct combat engagement to the head of public safety, and in relation to personnel issues and logistics - the central command of the gendarmerie of the Austrian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Among the well-known British Special Political Service (Special Air Service, or SAS) is probably the best counterterrorism unit. Its component - Special Projects (SP) team - the main anti-terrorist squad. The Special Air Service and its Counter Revolutionary Warfare Squadron (CRW) unit, the Antirevolutionary Military Squadron, were founded in 1942. The feature of training SAS servicemen is to teach each soldier to possess all methods and means of combating terrorism. To achieve this, SAS trains all of its squadron through training cycles. Acquired skills are improved later in the SP-team's combat duties. The main thing in the work is the maximum approximation of training sessions to a real combat situation in the conduct of operations on the release of hostages, in the role of which are civilians. Anti-terrorist training of SAS and the development of practical measures for the release of hostages is facilitated by the fact that high-ranking members of the British Government, including the Prime Minister, are personally involved in it.

Председатель суда и администратор суда в условиях правовой действительности

In the theory of law, the main prerequisite for the introduction of the institution of the court administrator was the so-called unloading of the Chairman from part of the organizational and administrative functions. In this article, the author reveals the conflict between the understanding of the status of the Chairman and administrator of the court with the legal reality, the stages of formation and correction of the institution under study. Despite the fact that the doctrine has long discussed the need for such a specialist as a court administrator, his position in the judicial system, the limits of competence are significantly limited and do not allow achieving the goals set by the legislator. In the article, the author tries to reveal the reasons for this discrepancy, problems of interaction, double subordination and subordination of the Chairman and administrator of the court, guided by regulations, expert assessments, comments of representatives of the judicial community.

"Some Results of Differential Subordination and Superordination for Univalent Functions

"Let 1 and 2 belong to a certain class of normalized analytic univalent functions in the open unit disk of the complex plane. Sufficient conditions are obtained for normalized analytic functions to satisfy the double subordination chain 1() ≺() ≺ 2() , then we obtain 1() is the best subordinant, 2() is the best dominant. Also we derive some sandwich –type result.

Impact of violation of construction and environmental norms of correctional institutions on the organization of the imprisonment regime

Imprisonment is the most commonly used criminal punishment in the world. In all countries, there are specialized institutions for the maintenance of those sentenced to this punishment. In Russia they are called correctional institutions. By isolating persons who have committed crimes from the outside world, these institutions perform several tasks at once, ensuring: 1) constant monitoring of convicts; 2) access control; 3) control over the movement of convicts; 4) checking their presence; 5) carrying out activities aimed at detecting prohibited items. All these tasks are aimed at achieving a global goal - maintaining the established regime for execution of sentences in form of imprisonment. The article deals with regulation of design, construction and equipment of correctional institutions by Russian legislation. The authors analyze the norms in force in Russia in this area, highlight strengths and weaknesses, and determine the degree of influence of possible violations in design, construction and equipment on the regime of punishment execution. The actual double subordination is established in solving the current problem. On the one hand, the department executing preliminary conclusion, on the other, the department organizing and controlling process of designing and building institutions executing a preventive measure. Such inconsistency creates problems in practical application of provisions of existing norms, leads to errors and, as a result, to inadequate isolation of convicts from the outside world.

Features of the design and construction of pre-trial detention centers in Russia, taking into account environmental standards

Pre-trial detention of persons accused of committing a criminal offense is an integral measure in the justice system of any state. In most countries, there are specialized institutions for maintenance of this category of citizens. In Russia, they are called pre-trial detention centers. Such institutions belong to the penitentiary systems. By isolating a potential offender, pre-trial detention centers perform several tasks: 1) exclude the possibility of persons to hide from the investigation and the court; 2) make it impossible for them to continue criminal activities; 3) maximally complicate their obstruction of establishment of truth in a criminal case. Implementation of these tasks is facilitated to the maximum extent by proper design and construction of pre-trial detention centers, competent placement of facilities, security buildings and premises, optimal use of special gratings, doors and locks. The article deals with the regulation of design and construction standards of pre-trial detention centers by Russian legislation. The authors analyze the experience of penitentiary systems of foreign states, as well as the norms in force in Russia, highlighting strengths and weaknesses. The actual double subordination is established in solving the current problem. On the one hand, the department executing the preliminary report, on the other, the department organizing and controlling design and construction of institutions executing preventive measure. Such inconsistency creates problems in practical application of provisions of existing norms, leads to errors and, as a result, inadequate performance of isolation of suspects and accused of committing crimes. Based on the results of the study, it was proposed to create a unified legal document regulating the procedure for design and construction of pre-trial detention centers. There is a need to exclude the listed issues from provisions of documents not related to design and construction sphere. This will provide proper, common understanding of existing problems and their faster resolution.

Public Community Services

The purpose of the functioning of the public administration is to carry out / provide quality public services for citizens. Within these public services, the community services occupy a special place, the presentation being the objective of this article. The specialized literature has devoted the following categories of community public services: community public services for issuing and keeping passports, public services driving permits and registration of vehicles, community public services for emergency situations, community public services for cadastre and agriculture, public services community records of the person. Community public services represent a special category, as opposed to the decentralized public services in that they are in a double subordination both horizontally and vertically, compared to the local public administration and to a specialized body of central public administration. Also, within the article is presented a proposal of lex ferenda considered useful in the efficiency of the activity of the community public service of records of persons, namely the resignation of civil servants with special status, who are detached from the Ministry of Interior and supplementing them with civil servants employed by the local public administration, because at present the two categories, although they perform similar activities, enjoy different advantages according to the specific statutes.

Low income college-educated people: recognition, self-fulfillment and protest

ABSTRACTA new strand of writing in political philosophy deals with the linkage – rather than the tension – between politics of recognition and politics of redistribution. This scholarship usually deals with two-dimensionally subordinated groups (e.g. poor ethnic minorities). In this case study, I explore empirically how such linkages may be manifested in regard to a mismatched status group. Focusing on low-income college-educated people (LICEP), and going beyond the traditional status inconsistency approach, I have explored how LICEP frame their social positioning mostly in terms of self-fulfillment and recognition. This is at odds with LICEP having a pivotal role in social protests globally. Taken together, the findings yield a configuration of a few recognition-redistribution interactions: Low material reward is experienced as misrecognition; LICEP-centered social protests are also about recognition of their lifestyle and are characterized by self-fulfillment potential for this group (i.e. creative environment); and the different modalities of self-fulfillment work as sources for LICEP activists’ biographies. This specific configuration takes us beyond abstract notions of the recognition-redistribution linkage and the double subordination examples.

ВЛАДНІ ПОВНОВАЖЕННЯ ОРГАНІВ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ ЯК СУБ’ЄКТІВ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИХ ПРАВОВІДНОСИН У СТОЛИЦІ УКРАЇНИ – МІСТІ-ГЕРОЇ КИЄВІ

The problems of the study are conditioned by the need to combine in Kyiv among the powers of bodies whose competence includes the disposal of land within the city, taking into account in the process of such disposal the need for the city to perform the functions of capital and at the same time prevent narrowing of land rights. The capital of Ukraine - the city of Kyiv, is a special administrative-territorial unit within which local governments perform not only the powers provided by the Law of Ukraine "On Local Self-Government in Ukraine", but also the Law of Ukraine "On the capital of Ukraine - the hero city of Kyiv". state executive power is exercised by the executive body of the Kyiv City Council - the Kyiv City State Administration, and has double subordination. The article aims to investigate the impact of the dual legal regime of the city as the capital of the state and as the territory of the city community on the implementation of land powers of local governments. Local governments on behalf of and in the interests of territorial communities under current law, endowed with the competence to transfer objects of communal property for permanent or temporary use to legal entities and individuals, rent them, sell and buy, use as collateral, resolve their alienation, to determine in agreements and contracts the conditions of use and financing of objects that are privatized and transferred for use and lease. Land powers of local governments in the city - the heroes of Kiev provide a combination of powers of owner and manager, so the classic model of the owner, who at his discretion disposes of property, is affected by the administrative and legal status of such bodies, which causes action against such property only within, on the basis and in the manner prescribed by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine.

Полномочия начальника органа дознания в свете положений Федерального закона № 440-фз

Introducing a new participant of a criminal trial – a chief of body of inquiry, from accusation has caused a need of differentiation of its powers with the powers of a prosecutor and chief of division of inquiry for the purpose of an exception of double subordination of investigators in case of criminal proceeding. In the article the need of provision of specific powers to one of heads is proved: to the chief of body of inquiry or chief of division of inquiry. The line item states that the chief of body of inquiry shall carry out powers of the chief of division of inquiry in the absence of specialized division. In the presence of specialized division of inquiry on investigation of crimes, the chief of body of inquiry shall not carry out powers of the chief of division of inquiry. The opinion is defended that the investigator shall receive consent to produce investigative and others procedural actions only from the chief of body of inquiry. It is offered to make changes to the third part Art. 40.2, in it, having specified in what cases the deputy chief constable carries out powers of the chief of body of inquiry. It is offered to confer to the prosecutor only supervising powers behind activities of bodies of inquiry in case of production of preliminary inquiry in the form of inquiry.

THE CRIME INVESTIGATION ACTIVITY OF THE BORDER POLICE

Following analysis, it has been concluded that in order for the criminal prosecution activity to become more effective, legislative amendments are required that would allow the activity of border police officers to be carried out under the exclusive control of the prosecutors.Ministry representatives claim that the effectiveness of the judicial police is diminished because of their double subordination and that the proposed legislative amendments allow for a clear delineation between judicial and administrative functions and guarantee the status of the police officers in the border police, whose professional career will depend exclusively on how their activity is evaluated by the magistrate overseeing the prosecution.

Aristocratic Rebellion: Ruben Darío and the Creation of Artistic Freedom in the World-System

The late 19th struggle for artistic freedom in the capitalist world-system put the artist in a contradictory position. This contradiction is particularly relevant for writers of the periphery. Freedom or autonomy to pursue purely intellectual projects required a certain aristocratic defense of the value of art. At the same time, however, artists and intellectuals did confront structural subordination: they belonged, as Pierre Bourdieu explained, to the dominated fractions of the dominant class, subordinated both to the state and the bourgeoisie. The life of Nicaraguan Ruben Darío (1867–1916), probably the most well-known poet in Latin American history, provides a paradigmatic instance of this dilemma. Moreover, it sheds light into a dilemma particular to the peripheral intellectual. Peripheral writers, in the 19th century and still today, are subject to world-systemic hierarchies, even cultural ones. This double subordination is clear in the case of Ruben Darío. He was in a subordinated position not only vis-à-vis the national state and the bourgeoisie. Darío was also in a subordinated position, even if symbolic, in relation to those same intellectuals that Bourdieu celebrated as creators of the autonomy of culture in France. One can account for this complex of hierarchies only through a 'world-systems biography' approach. World-systems biographies clearly examine the dialectic of personal, national and global levels of social life. Moreover, it can uncover the core-periphery dialectic in the realm of artistic production. Thus, this world-systems biography approach is shown to be a useful framework through a brief analysis of Darío's life and work.

O subalterno e o discurso como resistência: uma dupla subalternidade, pobre e preso

This article analyzes the work Memoirs of a Survivor, Luiz Alberto Mendes, to have been produced on the prison experience; he puts himself in testimonial literature condition, the author assumes a condition of subaltern. The construction of this work it is performed by memory resources and fits what is denominated testimonial literature. Is therefore literary work propitious TO STUDY Memory and sociology, as preserves itself, Beyond the Own Literary Feature, numerous other interpretive possibilities. It brings the memory and the author's own life story elements, telling the critical moments experienced by him in childhood, suffocated by his father as a teenager, enclosed in reformatories , and his adulthood, in a prison in São Paulo. Moments of strong relations of subalternities. Discuss nuances of memory and subordination, adopting a new nomenclature: a double subordination, because it is a poor writer, so subordinate in the attached condition, that is, double subordinate. This study also address the resistance against the dominant discourse through the testimony of a writer prisoner. We bring questions about the crowd and in what prisoner represents among many in the construction of space and speech. Therefore, attempts to adapt the concept of literary work produced in prison with the concept of the multitude of literature. Writing of many. Positioning and repositioning of the subaltern in the literary field.