Double Stance Phase Research Articles

Effects of a single corrective exercise and taping on gait patterns, plantar pressure, balance, and pain in female moderate hallux valgus patients

Purpose This study was designed to examine the effects of a single corrective exercise (CEX) and corrective kinesio taping (CKT) on gait patterns, plantar pressure, balance, and pain in 20~30s female patients with moderate hallux valgus. Methods Twenty-one participants (age: 30.1±5.1 yrs; height: 164.1±4.8 cm; body weight: 56.7±6.8 kg; body mass index: 21.2±5.7 kg·m-2; hallux valgus angle: 27.2±6.1°) with hallux valgus was recruited and participated in three trials, i.e., CEX trial, CKT trial, and combined CEX and CKT (CEX+CKT) trial, repeatedly in a counter-balanced order. One week of wash-out period was placed between the trials to minimize the effect of the previous treatment on the next treatment. Variables related to gait pattern, plantar pressure, balance, and pain were measured during each treatment. We carried out repeated two way ANOVA on measured variables. Results 1) Regarding gait patterns, CEX treatment and CEX+CKT treatments showed significant increases in the length of patients strides, the single support line during the stance phase, and significant reduction of the cadence. 2) Regarding gait cycle, CEX treatment and CEX+CKT treatments showed significant reductions in the contact times of forefoot, midfoot, and heel. There was a significant reduction of double stance phase in CEX treatment. 3) Regarding foot pressure on gait, CEX+CKT treatments significantly increased the maximum pressure of midfoot and heel. CEX treatments significantly increased the maximum pressure of forefoot. 4) Regarding balance, CEX treatment and CKT treatments significantly increased one leg standing with eyes closed. 5) Pain was significantly reduced in CKT treatment and CEX+CKT treatments. Conclusions According to the aforementioned results, it was concluded that a single CKT treatment was effective in reducing pain when walking and that plantar pressure, gait pattern, gait cycle, and balance were improved through a single bout of CEX treatments. Therefore, treatments by stage, starting with CKT treatments to reduce the pain, and then treating CEX to improve the gait pattern, gait cycle, foot pressure when walking, and balance ability, would be effective. Future research is warranted to identify the effects of long-term treatments.

Three-dimensional kinetic function of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during block start.

Previous studies on joint kinetics during track and field block starts have been limited to lower-limb sagittal kinetics; however, we hypothesised that lumbopelvic extensors, lateral flexors, and hip abductors also act as substantial energy generators. The present study aimed to examine the three-dimensional lumbo-pelvic-hip kinetics to better understand the generation of mechanical energy during a block start. 3D kinematic and force data during block starts of 10 m maximal sprinting in 12 male sprinters (personal best in a 100 m sprint, 10.78 ± 0.19 s [range, 10.43-11.01 s]) were captured using a motion capture system and force platform. The three-dimensional lumbo-pelvic-hip kinetics were calculated. The peak lumbosacral extension torque (3.64 ± 0.39 Nm/kg) was significantly larger than any other lower-limb and lumbosacral torques (<3.0 Nm/kg). It was suggested that large lumbopelvic extension torques are needed during the block start to anchor the pelvis by cancelling out both hip extension torques acting on the pelvis, leading to hip extensor-induced thigh sagittal rotations rather than pelvic posterior tilt. During the double-stance phase, the lumbosacral extensors generated mechanical energy (0.35 ± 0.16 J/kg, 14 ± 4% of the sum of lumbosacral and lower-limb net joint work). During the single-stance phase, the sum of the net mechanical work by lumbosacral lateral flexors and front hip abductors was 0.35 ± 0.14 J/kg, which comprised 9 ± 3% of the sum of the net joint work. The results lead to the speculation of the importance of strengthening not only the leg extensors, but also the lumbopelvic extensors, lateral flexors, and hip abductors for block starts. Further training studies to verify this speculation will improve training strategies for the track and field block start performance.

Gait characteristics of post-stroke hemiparetic patients with different walking speeds.

Hemiparesis resulting from stroke presents characteristic spatiotemporal gait patterns. This study aimed to clarify the spatiotemporal gait characteristics of hemiparetic patients by comparing them with height-, speed-, and age-matched controls while walking at various speeds. The data on spatiotemporal gait parameters of stroke patients and that of matched controls were extracted from a hospital gait analysis database. In total, 130 pairs of data were selected for analysis. Patients and controls were compared for spatiotemporal gait parameters and the raw value (RSI) and absolute value (ASI) of symmetry index and coefficient of variation (CV) of these parameters. Stroke patients presented with prolonged nonparetic stance (patients vs. controls: 1.01 ± 0.41 vs. 0.83 ± 0.25) and paretic swing time (0.45 ± 0.12 vs. 0.39 ± 0.07), shortened nonparetic swing phase (0.35 ± 0.07 vs. 0.39 ± 0.07), and prolonged paretic and nonparetic double stance phases [0.27 ± 0.13 (paretic)/0.27 ± 0.17 (nonparetic) vs. 0.22 ± 0.10]. These changes are especially seen in low-gait speed groups (<3.4 km/h). High RSIs of stance and swing times were also observed (–9.62 ± 10.32 vs. –0.79 ± 2.93, 24.24 ± 25.75 vs. 1.76 ± 6.43, respectively). High ASIs and CVs were more generally observed, including the groups with gait speed of ≥3.5 km/h. ASI increase of the swing phase (25.79 ± 22.69 vs. 4.83 ± 4.88) and CV of the step length [7.7 ± 4.9 (paretic)/7.6 ± 5.0 (nonparetic) vs. 5.3 ± 3.0] were observed in all gait speed groups. Our data suggest that abnormalities in the spatiotemporal parameters of hemiparetic gait should be interpreted in relation to gait speed. ASIs and CVs could be highly sensitive indices for detecting gait abnormalities.

CHANGES IN PELVIC TILT DURING THREE DIFFERENT RECIPROCAL STANCE POSITIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SACROILIAC JOINT REGIONAL PAIN

Essential to the successful management of patients with sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP) is understanding how these joints move. The innominates tilt together in the same direction with symmetrical activities (i.e. forward-bending) but move opposite of one another when performing asymmetrical activities (i.e. walking). How they move in patients with SIJP is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine inter-innominate movement (tilt) when assuming three different stance positions to describe how the innominate bones move in those with and without SIJP. Observational Cohort Study. Twenty-eight participants were classified into two groups; SIJP with low back pain (LBP), and no SIJP or LBP. SIJP participants were further classified into groups with left or right pelvic tilt. Pelvic tilt was measured during neutral standing and in both left-sided and right-sided reciprocal stance, with a full-stride (one hip fully flexed the other fully extended) and in a half-stride position, which mimic the double-stance phase of gait. A repeated measure ANOVA assessed for differences between Groups (Level, Left or Right Pelvic Tilt), stance side position (left/right), and stride length (full/half). The was a significant Group main effect (F [2, 25] = 130.2, p < 0.0001), and a significant Side main effect (F [1, 25] = 429.7, p < 0.0001), qualified by a significant Side x Group interaction (F [2, 25] = 19.9 p < .0001). Follow-up comparisons showed that pelvic tilts for right and left stance were significantly different (p < 0.05) for each group (Level, left and right pelvic tilt). For the right stance condition, all groups were significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). For the left stance position, the right pelvic tilt and level pelvic tilt means were not different from each other (p > 0.05), but each was different from the mean for the left pelvic tilt group (p < 0.05). When assuming an asymmetrical stance position, the innominates tilt opposite of each other in those without SIJP. In patients with SIJP they behave in the normal fashion in one asymmetrical stance position but not the other. Instead of tilting opposite, as expected, the innominates remain symmetrical, dependent on the side of the presenting pelvic tilt. 2b.

Influence of simulated leg length discrepancy on the spinal kinematics during stance phases

Exploring the walking of LLD are clinically helpful in understanding which LLD level contributed to the changes at the upper limb. The aim of this work was to determine which LLD level during single leg stance and double leg stance contributed to the spinal changes. Eighteen healthy male subjects were induced with 0.5 cm to 4.0 cm height of insoles with interval 0.5 cm accordingly and their spine motion during the stance phase was captured by 5 Oqus cameras and evaluated by using Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) software. The effect of LLD height on spinal kinematics were assessed using spinal curvature parameters which are the lateral bending angle at lumbar (LBAL), the shoulder-girdle and pelvic line bending angle (SPBA) and the shoulder-girdle line and pelvic line rotation angle (SPRA). 4 cm LLD height at double stance phase created a relatively larger LBAL when compared with normal walking. The influence of LLD on SPBA and SPRA was very minimal.

Variant and Invariant Spatiotemporal Structures in Kinematic Coordination to Regulate Speed During Walking and Running.

Humans walk, run, and change their speed in accordance with circumstances. These gaits are rhythmic motions generated by multi-articulated movements, which have specific spatiotemporal patterns. The kinematic characteristics depend on the gait and speed. In this study, we focused on the kinematic coordination of locomotor behavior to clarify the underlying mechanism for the effect of speed on the spatiotemporal kinematic patterns for each gait. In particular, we used seven elevation angles for the whole-body motion and separated the measured data into different phases depending on the foot-contact condition, that is, single-stance phase, double-stance phase, and flight phase, which have different physical constraints during locomotion. We extracted the spatiotemporal kinematic coordination patterns with singular value decomposition and investigated the effect of speed on the coordination patterns. Our results showed that most of the whole-body motion could be explained by only two sets of temporal and spatial coordination patterns in each phase. Furthermore, the temporal coordination patterns were invariant for different speeds, while the spatial coordination patterns varied. These findings will improve our understanding of human adaptation mechanisms to tune locomotor behavior for changing speed.

Walking propulsion generation in double stance by powered exoskeleton for paraplegics

This paper introduces an electric Hyundai Medical Exoskeleton (H-MEX). It is specially designed to enable disabled people (e.g. spinal cord injury individuals below T10, stroke patients) to walk again, according to a basic walking control strategy. H-MEX is easily assembled with mechanically/electrically block-by-block connections, and its built-in control framework provides an unique control interface. Through this interface, the H-MEX wearer can customize gait parameters (viz., the step length, step period, and default torso tilt angle). With the proposed framework, trajectories for each active joint are planned for generating propulsion (i.e., angular momentum) in double-stance gait. This facilitates stability and convenience for H-MEX wearers. A dynamic simulation was conducted on a simplified planar model that describes an average human body: the intended propulsion generation during the double-stance phase was verified to lead to angular momentum with respect to a leading stance leg, for more stable and convenient step walking. Also, the degree of propulsion was shown to be adjusted by setting kinematic percentage of intended double-stance motion.The proposed control method was evaluated with five healthy subjects on a treadmill as one of initial performance tests: kinematic data on subjects’ torsos given from basic walking at a velocity of 0.7 km/h and 1.2 km/h indicated the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Neuromusculoskeletal model that walks and runs across a speed range with a few motor control parameter changes based on the muscle synergy hypothesis

Humans walk and run, as well as change their gait speed, through the control of their complicated and redundant musculoskeletal system. These gaits exhibit different locomotor behaviors, such as a double-stance phase in walking and flight phase in running. The complex and redundant nature of the musculoskeletal system and the wide variation in locomotion characteristics lead us to imagine that the motor control strategies for these gaits, which remain unclear, are extremely complex and differ from one another. It has been previously proposed that muscle activations may be generated by linearly combining a small set of basic pulses produced by central pattern generators (muscle synergy hypothesis). This control scheme is simple and thought to be shared between walking and running at different speeds. Demonstrating that this control scheme can generate walking and running and change the speed is critical, as bipedal locomotion is dynamically challenging. Here, we provide such a demonstration by using a motor control model with 69 parameters developed based on the muscle synergy hypothesis. Specifically, we show that it produces both walking and running of a human musculoskeletal model by changing only seven key motor control parameters. Furthermore, we show that the model can walk and run at different speeds by changing only the same seven parameters based on the desired speed. These findings will improve our understanding of human motor control in locomotion and provide guiding principles for the control design of wearable exoskeletons and prostheses.

A patient with right hemiparesis who had backward instability in the double stance phase

A patient with right hemiparesis who had backward instability in the double stance phase

Neurophysiological and clinical effects of blindfolded balance training (BBT) in Parkinson's disease patients: a preliminary study.

Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that rehabilitative strategies based on sensorimotor stimulation in the neurorehabilitation of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be useful to improve gait in PD patients. We supposed that sensorimotor stimulation produces modulation of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) arising from the supplementary motor area (SMA). We aimed to investigate the clinical and neurophysiological effects of a blindfolded balance training (BBT). Randomized controlled trial. Italian hospital. Sixteen PD patients. The patients were randomized in two groups, one group treated with two-weeks BBT and one group treated with two-weeks of physical therapy (PT). We assessed gait parameters (swing, stance, double stance phase of cycle gait) and neurophysiological measurement (functional connectivity between SMA and motor area M1) before and after treatments. We found a decrease of stance and double stance phase and increase of swing phase respect to gait cycle, in BBT group compared to PT group, paralleled by a selective modulation in functional connectivity between M1 and SMA for BBT group. Our findings support that BBT represents a complementary rehabilitative strategy, based on visual deprivation and proprioceptive perturbation in recovery of gait in PD patients, in short time window, likely involving vestibular system and its connections with motor areas. The use of vestibular system stimulation, involving SMA-M1 circuits, may be useful to improve gait control in PD patients.

Interlimb Coordination of Ground Reaction Forces during Double Stance Phase at Fast Walking Speed

To better understand interlimb coordination during the double stance phase at fast walking speeds, we analyzed ground reaction forces generated by the leading and trailing limbs during the double stance phase at multiple speeds. Ground reaction forces were recorded during the double stance phase at slow, self-selected, and fast walking speeds in eleven healthy volunteers. We calculated the instantaneous phase of the ground reaction forces for the vertical and anterior-posterior components, and then calculated the relative phase between the leading and trailing limbs for each component. For the vertical component, the relative phase showed a significantly lower value in the fast condition than in the other two conditions in the early-double stance phase (fast vs. self-selected, p < 0.01; fast vs. slow, p < 0.001). For the anterior-posterior component, the relative phases in the early- and late-double stance phases in all speed conditions were significantly smaller than those in the mid-double stance phase. These findings suggest that interlimb coordination of the forces exerted by the leading and trailing limbs in the early-double stance phase would be an important factor for walking at fast speed.

Lymphedema treatment’s effect of gait parameters

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of specialized lymphedema treatment on the overall picture of gait. Before and after the therapy we executed a pilot study to observe the gait parameters. The examined patients were in different phases of conditions (Stages II, III and IV). The measurement was performed on an instrumented treadmill with self-selected velocity. During the experimentation the simplified kinematical parameters were calculated using the Zebris processing program. Applying the data of the treadmill equipped with pressure-measuring sensors, the force awaking in the forefoot, the midfoot and the heel on both legs, furthermore, the butterfly parameters and a few kinetical parameters (e.g. step length, step width, duration of stance and double stance phase) could be calculated. Based on the results of this present study the seriousness of the lymphedema significantly influences the kinematical and kinetical gait parameters, and the effectiveness of lymphedema management is exceedingly traceable with a pilot study.

Effects of backpack loads and positions on the variability of gait spatiotemporal parameters in young adults

AbstractIntroduction: People carry backpacks of different weight in different positions every day. The effects of backpack wearing under different loads and positions were assessed according to the gait’s spatiotemporal parameters and their variability in young adults. Methods Twenty-one subjects performed trials of 4 min in the conditions: control condition with no backpack; bilateral back load consisting of 10% body weight (BW); bilateral back load of 20% BW (B20); unilateral load of 10% BW; unilateral load with 20% BW (U20); bilateral frontal load with 10% BW; bilateral frontal load with 20% BW. Results Step length (SL) and step frequency (SF) show that frontal conditions differed from others as seen in B20. Gait cycle phases showed an increase in the B20 condition for double stance phase and stance phase, swing phase presented reduction in the B20 condition. There were significant main effects in position for SL, SF, and walk ratio, in load only for stride width. The highest variability of spatiotemporal parameters occurred in the U20 condition. All load conditions with 20% BW showed a greater variability when compared to the 10% BW counterpart. Conclusion We concluded that young adults can cope with up to a 15% BW load under a bilateral back position, but in the frontal position not even a 10% BW load was proven to be a safe limit. 20% BW loads should be avoided in any position. These recommendations may assure increased gait stability, decreased trunk forward lean and decreased muscle activation and fatigue reducing back pain occurrence.

Ocena wybranych parametrów chodu pacjentów przed- i 6 miesięcy po zabiegu wczesnej rekonstrukcji więzadła krzyżowego przedniego

[b]Background. [/b]ACL rupture and reconstruction may lead to impairment of spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient's gait following a complete tear of the ACL and its endoscopic reconstruction.[b]Material and methods.[/b] 3D gait analysis was performed using the BTS Smart optoelectronic system (6 IR cameras, 120 Hz). The study group included 40 patients with complete unilateral ACL rupture and 37 healthy matched subjects. In the study group gait analysis was performed twice, within one to two weeks prior to the ACL reconstruction and the follow-up study six months after surgery. In the control group single gait analysis was performed.[b]Results. [/b]Six months after the ACL reconstruction the duration of the stance phase for the non-operated limb (p&amp;amp;amp;lt;0,0000) and the initial double stance phase for the operated limb (p&amp;amp;amp;lt;0,0000) were reduced. A statistically significant increase in the step length for both lower limbs was observed. Additionally patients gait cadence (p=0,0003) and mean gait speed (p=0,0006) have also increased. Nevertheless, in the second study, these parameters were still significantly different comparing to the control group. Analysing the kinematic parameters of patients" gait after surgery it was demonstrated, that the hip and knee joints range of motion in both limbs has increased in a statistically significant way. The range of motion of the ankle joint of the operated limb has also improved.[b]Conclusions.[/b] 1. Within six months after the ACL reconstruction there was significant improvement and normalization of the patient's gait pattern, though we may still observe significant differences when compared to the control group, which indicates the need for further rehabilitation focused on the re-education of patients gait pattern. 2. Results of our study indicates a need of long-term observation in the group of patients after ACL reconstruction to determine, whether the gait pattern impairment demonstrate further tendency to improve in time.

Temporal coordination between ground reaction forces generated by leading and trailing limbs for propulsion during double stance phase in human walking

Although it was reported that ground reaction forces (GRFs) are generated simultaneously by the leading and trailing limbs during the double stance phase, the finding was not examined by temporal analyses. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to clarify how GRFs can act to propel the body in a forward direction during the double stance phase. GRFs were recorded during the double stance phase in eleven healthy volunteers. We calculated the instantaneous phase of the GRFs for vertical and anterior-posterior (AP) components, and then calculated the relative phase between the leading and trailing limbs for each component. The relative phase of the vertical component was approximately 180° (i.e., anti-phase), indicating that the lower limb transfers weight smoothly from the trailing limb to the leading limb. The relative phase of the AP component ranged from 40 to 55°, indicating that the AP component of the forces do not occur simultaneously, but instead has a lag. This finding suggests that the forces exerted by the leading and trailing limbs would temporally coordinate to propel the body in the forward direction.

Dynamic gait stability of treadmill versus overground walking in young adults

Treadmill has been broadly used in laboratory and rehabilitation settings for the purpose of facilitating human locomotion analysis and gait training. The objective of this study was to determine whether dynamic gait stability differs or resembles between the two walking conditions (overground vs. treadmill) among young adults. Fifty-four healthy young adults (age: 23.9±4.7years) participated in this study. Each participant completed five trials of overground walking followed by five trials of treadmill walking at a self-selected speed while their full body kinematics were gathered by a motion capture system. The spatiotemporal gait parameters and dynamic gait stability were compared between the two walking conditions. The results revealed that participants adopted a “cautious gait” on the treadmill compared with over ground in response to the possible inherent challenges to balance imposed by treadmill walking. The cautious gait, which was achieved by walking slower with a shorter step length, less backward leaning trunk, shortened single stance phase, prolonged double stance phase, and more flatfoot landing, ensures the comparable dynamic stability between the two walking conditions. This study could provide insightful information about dynamic gait stability control during treadmill ambulation in young adults.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL GAIT ANALYSIS AS A POTENTIAL AND QUANTIFIABLE MEASUREMENT IN THE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

The present study aimed to investigate the potential clinical value of three-dimensional gait analysis (3D-GA) system in evaluating ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Thirty-one patients with AS from September 2010 to August 2011, with 32 involved and 30 uninvolved lower limbs, were enrolled. Data of spatio-temporal parameters (step and stride length, velocity and cadence), time parameters (stance, single stance, double stance and swing phases) and kinematics parameters associated with spinal mobility (spinal lateral bending, spinal forward bending and spinal rotation) were analyzed by 3D-GA system, as well as curative effects of biologic therapy. Compared with normal values, AS patients showed decreased step and stride length ([Formula: see text]), increased cadence, longer swing and single stance phases ([Formula: see text]) and shorter stance and double stance phases ([Formula: see text]) in uninvolved lower limbs. In AS patients, reduced step length, stride length, velocity and cadence, shorter swing and single stance phases, longer stance and double stance phases ([Formula: see text]), increased lateral bending angle and decreased spinal rotation ([Formula: see text]) were detected by 3D-GA in involved lower limbs compared with uninvolved ones. In the 16 patients with decreased levels of ESR and CRP and improved ASAS scores after biology therapy, increased step length, stride length, velocity and cadence of the involved lower limbs were detected by 3D-GA ([Formula: see text]), as well as improved spinal mobility ([Formula: see text]). Hence, we concluded that 3D-GA has great potential value of clinical application for assessing and monitoring AS.

Influence of the swing ankle angle on walking stability for a passive dynamic walking robot with flat feet

To achieve high walking stability for a passive dynamic walking robot is not easy. In this article, we aim to investigate whether the walking performance for a passive dynamic walking robot can be improved by just simply changing the swing ankle angle before impact. To validate this idea, a passive bipedal walking model with two straight legs, two flat feet, a hip joint, and two ankle joints was built in this study. The walking dynamics that contains double stance phase was derived. By numerical simulation of the walking in MATLAB, we found that the walking performance can be adjusted effectively by only simply changing the swing ankle angle before impact. A bigger swing ankle angle in a reasonable range will lead to a higher walking stability and a lower initial walking speed of the next step. A bigger swing ankle angle before impact leads to a bigger amount of energy lost during impact for the quasi-passive dynamic walking robot which will influence the walking stability of the next step.

Blindfolded Balance Training in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Sensory-Motor Strategy to Improve the Gait.

Aim. Recent evidence suggested that the use of treadmill training may improve gait parameters. Visual deprivation could engage alternative sensory strategies to control dynamic equilibrium and stabilize gait based on vestibulospinal reflexes (VSR). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a blindfolded balance training (BBT) in the improvement of stride phase percentage reliable gait parameters in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) compared to patients treated with standard physical therapy (PT). Methods. Thirty PD patients were randomized in two groups of 15 patients, one group treated with BBT during two weeks and another group treated with standard PT during eight weeks. We evaluated gait parameters before and after BBT and PT interventions, in terms of double stance, swing, and stance phase percentage. Results. BBT induced an improvement of double stance phase as revealed (decreased percentage of double stance phase during the gait cycle) in comparison to PT. The other gait parameters swing and stance phase did not differ between the two groups. Discussion. These results support the introduction of complementary rehabilitative strategies based on sensory-motor stimulation in the traditional PD patient's rehabilitation. Further studies are needed to investigate the neurophysiological circuits and mechanism underlying clinical and motor modifications.

Comparison of spatiotemporal gait parameters with a spinal orthosis and without a spinal orthosis on level ground and stairs.

[Purpose] This study attempted to examine the impact on the pattern of walking on both level ground and stairs after restricting the movement of the spine and the trunk of the body by using a spinal orthosis. [Subjects and Methods] Forty healthy males in their 20s were selected as the sample, which was randomly and evenly divided into two groups: (1) the WT group (with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis group) and (2) the WOT group (Without a thoracolumbosacral orthosis group). The spinal orthosis used in this study was a thoracolumbosacral orthosis called a plastic body jacket. [Results] In walking on level ground, step width showed a significant difference, but no statistically significant difference was found between the WT group and the WOT group with respect to the other variables. In walking on stairs, the double stance phase showed a statistically significant difference during stair descent in the WT group compared with the WOT group. [Conclusion] It was proven that wearing a TLSO increased walking stability in the case of walking on level ground and stairs. Hence, it is believed that proper use of a spinal orthosis can play an ancillary role in daily life and therapeutic interventions.