Double Row Research Articles

Comparison of harvesting productivity, cost, and residual stand damages between single-tree selection thinning and mechanized line thinning using a small-scale grapple-saw

Considerable amounts of noncommercial materials generated from thinning treatments remain unattended on the site because the value of small-sized timber is lower than overall thinning operation costs in South Korea. In addition, thinning operations with conventional and mechanized harvesting systems often cause severe physical damage to residual trees. In this study, therefore, we compared and analyzed the harvesting productivity, cost, and residual stand damage between single-tree selection thinning (SST) and mechanized line thinning (MLT) systems on conifer plantation forests. For conventional SST, ground skidding (uphill/downhill) was performed using a tractor winch after manual felling and bucking. The MLT consisted of mechanized felling, downhill shovel logging, and processing with a small-scale grapple-saw for the fourth double row (MLT1) and the third row (MLT2) thinning section. The MLT system was more productive and cost-effective in performing thinning treatment and collecting thinning materials than SST. The MLT1 and MLT2 costs were 81.4% and 70.6% lower than the SST cost ($77.6/m3), respectively. The residual stand damages of the SST (3.4%) were lower than those of MLT1 (4.8%) and MLT2 (21.2%); however, there was no significant difference in residual stand damages between two thinning systems (p > 0.05). Therefore, forest managers should consider the use of MLT system to reduce thinning costs and efficiently produce thinning materials for their thinning operations. However, operators still need to be careful felling and extracting operations to reduce the residual stand damages for thinning treatments.

The influence of onion (Allium cepa L.) mother bulb production conditions on subsequent plant growth and seed quality

The late planting of onions practiced by farmers has decreased the yield and quality of onion seed. This experiment was conducted during 2019 and 2020 at agricultural research farm of Kabul University to study the effect of mother bulb production conditions on subsequent plant growth and seed yield and quality. The study was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design and data for different agronomic traits, flowering habits, seed yield and seed quality were recorded. The recorded data were statistically analyzed with STAR software. The highest leaf area per plant (994.38 cm2) and leaf area index (0.83) were recorded for the plants obtained from mother bulbs grown on 10th March in deep ploughed flat beds. The highest number of flowering stalks per plant (3.83) was recorded for the plants produced from the mother bulbs grown on 10th March in shallow ploughed double row raised beds, it was on far with the plants obtained from the mother bulbs grown on 10th March in deep ploughed flat beds. The highest seed yield (737.27 Kg/Ha) was recorded for the plants obtained from mother bulbs grown on 10th March in shallow ploughed flat beds. This was on far with the seed yield of the plants obtained from the mother bulbs grown on 10th March in deep ploughed flat beds. The results reveal that, mother bulbs produced under early planting dates and deep ploughed flat-bed conditions are more appropriate to produce vigorous plants and higher seed yield of onion. Keywords: Flowering stalks, Growth response, Seed germination, Seed yield  

Detailed Structural Features of the Perovskite-Related Halide RbPbI3 for Solar Cell Applications.

All-inorganic lead halide perovskites like CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, or RbPbI3 are good replacements for the classical hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites like CH3NH3PbI3, susceptible to fast degradation in the presence of humid air. They also exhibit outstanding light absorption properties suitable for solar energy applications. Here, we describe the synthesis of RbPbI3 by mechanochemical procedures with green credentials, avoiding toxic or expensive organic solvents; this specimen exhibits excellent crystallinity. We report neutron powder diffraction data, essential to revisit some subtle structural features around room temperature (200–400 K). In all these regimes, the orthorhombic Pnma crystal structure is characterized by the presence along the b direction of the crystal of double rows of edge-sharing PbI6 octahedra. The lone electron pairs of Pb2+ ions have a strong stereochemical effect on the PbI6 octahedral distortion. The relative covalency of Rb–I versus Pb–I bonds shows that the Pb–I-related motions are more rigid than Rb–I-related vibrations, as seen in the Debye temperatures from the evolution of the anisotropic displacements. The optical gap, measured by diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy, is ∼2.51 eV and agrees well with abinitio calculations. The thermoelectric Seebeck coefficient is 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of other halide perovskites, with a value of ∼117,000 μV·K–1 at 460 K.

To determine shoulder function after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using university of California and Los Angeles score

Rotator cuff tears are a common contributing factor ofshoulder pain and occupational disability. Tears of rotator cuff arebecoming increasingly prevalent in today’s population. Shoulderarthroscopy has become a reliable and reproducible method of treatingrotator cuff tears. Arthroscopic surgery allows for a shorter recovery timeand predictably less pain in first few days following procedure than doesany open surgery. : A prospective and retrospective review of themedical records of 37 cases of rotator cuff tear who underwentarthroscopic rotator cuff repair between January 2017 to May 2020 atDayanand Medical college Hospital, Ludhiana was performed.In our study, we had measured UCLA shoulder score over 6months period in 37 patients. Our study showed improved functionaloutcome from UCLA score at presentation- 10.27 to UCLA at 6 months-30.41 with a p value <0.001 which is graded as a good result. There wasno significant gender difference in terms of incidence and postoperativefunctional outcome. Maximum incidence was seen in age group- 51-60years with etiological inclination towards precedent trauma. No statisticaldifference between functional outcome of single and double row techniquewas noted.Arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tear offers excellent functional outcome; with minimal morbidity. Improvement in pain, range of motion and strength of cuff tendons can be achieved only by meticulous repair techniques and strict rehabilitation programme.

Effect of Spatial Arrangements on Yield and Competition of Jute (Corchorus Olitorius l.) and Mungbean (Vigna radiata l. Wilczek) in Intercropping

Low profitability from jute farming, declining jute area and negligible pulse area are the rising concerns of farmers of Indo-Bangla subcontinent. This paper evaluated the extent of yield competition in jutemungbean intercropping with varying spatial geometry under alternate single row (SR) and double row (DR) planting. Two 2-year field experiments were conducted independently for the two systems of plantings involving jute (cv NJ 7010) and mungbean (cv TMB-37) arranged in systematic designs for 3×3×3 spacing and plant density combinations with three replications. Yield competition was assessed using indices. Intercropping was found productive and profitable compared to sole cropping. Land equivalent ratios (LER) and area × time equivalent ratios (ATER) always exceeded unity. Jute equivalent yield (JEY) increased in the range of 4.9-45.3% and 30.7-51.1% over sole jute fibre yield and mean monetary advantage index exceeded 27100 and 31800 ₹ ha-1 for SR and DR planting, respectively. Economic advantage was higher for spacing combinations of 40 cm (row to row) × 6.5-8 cm (jute to jute in a row) × 10-12 cm (mungbean to mungbean in a row) in SR planting and for DR system it was at a band-to-band spacing of 11 cm with plant densities of 40-50 m-2 for jute and 25-30 m-2 for mungbean. Dense and intimate planting of jute reduced mung seed yield due to light stress. DR planting seemed more advantageous. SAARC J. Agric., 19(2): 137-155 (2021)

Treatment of rotator cuff tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

There is ongoing controversy regarding optimal treatment for full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Given that the evidence surrounding the use of various treatment options has expanded, an overall assessment is required. The following were compared to determine which resulted in improved patient-reported function, pain, and reoperation rates for each: (1) double-row (DR) fixation and single-row (SR) fixation in arthroscopic cuff repair; (2) latissimus dorsi transfer (LDT) with lower trapezius transfer (LTT), partial rotator cuff repair, and superior capsular reconstruction (SCR); and (3) early and late surgical intervention. Medline, Embase, and Cochrane were searched through to April 20, 2021. Additional studies were identified from reviews. The following were included: (1) All English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients ≥18 years of age comparing SR and DR fixation, (2) observational studies comparing LDT with LTT, partial repair, and SCR, and (3) observational studies comparing early vs. late treatment of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. A total of 15 RCTs (n=1096 randomized patients) were included in the meta-analysis of SR vs. DR fixation. No significant standardized mean differences in function (0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.09, 0.24) or pain (-0.01, 95% CI -0.52, 0.49) were observed. There was a difference in retear rates in favor of DR compared with SR fixation (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06, 2.29). Four studies were included in the systematic review of LDT compared with a surgical control. LDT and partial repair did not reveal any differences in function (-1.12, 95% CI -4.02, 1.78) on comparison. A single study compared arthroscopically assisted LDT to LTT and observed a nonstatistical difference in the Constant score of 14.7 (95% CI -4.06, 33.46). A single RCT compared LDT with SCR and revealed a trend toward superiority for the Constant score with SCR with a mean difference of -9.6 (95% CI -19.82, 0.62). Comparison of early vs. late treatment revealed a paucity of comparative studies with varying definitions of "early" and "late" treatment, which made meaningful interpretation of the results difficult. DR fixation leads to similar improvement in function and pain compared with SR fixation and results in a higher healing rate. LDT transfer yields results similar to those from partial repair, LTT, and SCR in functional outcomes. Further study is required to determine the optimal timing of treatment and to increase confidence in these findings. Future trials of high methodologic quality comparing LDT with LTT and SCR are required.

Is early mobilization necessary in isolated rotator cuff repair? Results of a prospective series of 1,200 cases

Objectives:Non-healing of rotator cuff tears is estimated to be between 5 and 20%. Rehabilitation protocols vary. Some advocate early rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to verify whether rapid recovery of mobility was not associated with a higher rate of non-healing.Methods:We conducted a single-center prospective study. The primary inclusion criterion was first-line arthroscopic repair of an isolated complete cuff tear without retraction (Patte 1) or fatty degeneration (Goutallier - less than 2). It was the same surgeon, the same surgical technique (double row) and the same rehabilitation protocol (self-mobilization, hands together). Patients were seen again by an evaluator other than the surgeon. We analyzed passive elevation and external rotation (ER1) mobility and pain at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, active mobilities at 3 months and 6 months, and the Constant score at 6 months. Tendon healing was assessed at six months by ultrasound according to Sugaya’s classification (grouping 1/2/3 healed and 4/5 unhealed).Results:1,200 patients were included, 101 were excluded (lost to follow-up or missing data at one of the reviews). The healing rate was 85.7%. We noted a statistically significant difference between the healed and unhealed groups for passive elevation at 6 weeks (128° vs 142° p <0.0001), passive ER1 (23°/32°, p <0.0001). As well as at 3 months for passive elevation (149°/155°, p = 0.0005) for ER1 (43°/48°, p = 0.0008). No difference in pain between the 2 groups (at each review) nor in the final Constant score (72.3 vs 70.2)Conclusion:Patients with poorer passive joint mobility at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively had a better healing rate at 6 months. This clear correlation is an indication that we should reflect on the earliness of rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair.

Triceps Tendon Repair

Background: Triceps tendon tear has a low incidence. Therefore, surgical repair of the triceps tendon is performed only by a small number of orthopedic surgeons. Indications: To provide information regarding the current treatment algorithm and surgical technique. Technique Description: The triceps tendon is exposed through a posterior approach. The tendon is then longitudinally split to expose the deep degenerated tissue. The degenerated tissue and any existing osteophytes are removed. The superficial layer of the tendon is sewn back down to the deeper layer of the tendon. The tendon is advanced distally, and the split incision is closed. This is followed by double–row repair with suture anchors. Results: Excellent clinical outcomes have been reported with re–rupture rates of around 7% at a 4–year follow–up. Discussion/Conclusion: Partial and complete ruptures of the triceps tendon require surgical treatment. Current surgical treatment options yield excellent clinical outcomes.

STUDY OF SPACING MODELS AND SUPER FERTILIZATION TO INCREASE OF LOWLAND RICE PRODUCTIVITY

This study aimed to determine the effect of spacing with super fertilization on the lowland rice growth and yield. The study was conducted in the Klagen Srampat Village, Maduran District, Lamongan Regency in DS I 2019, using rice of Inpari 42 variety in an area of 1000 m2. The study was arranged in a randomized block design for 8 treatments of spacing models and super fertilization with 4 replications, namely: (1) spacing models of super double row tight (spacing between rows is 40 cm x 5 cm x 20 cm x 5 cm and in rows 10 cm) + Agrimeth biofertilizer + organic fertilizer with M-Dec bio-decomposer, (2) spacing models of double row tight (spacing between rows is 40 cm x 5 cm x 20 cm x 5 cm and in rows 10 cm), (3) spacing models of super double row (spacing between rows is 40 cm x 20 cm and in rows 10 cm) + Agrimeth biofertilizer + organic fertilizer with M-Dec bio-decomposer, (4) spacing models of double row (spacing between rows is 40 cm x 20 cm and in rows 10 cm), (5) spacing models of super tight (20 cm x 10 cm) + Agrimeth biofertilizer + organic fertilizer with M-Dec bio-decomposer, (6) spacing models of tight (20 cm x 10 cm), (7) spacing models of super symmetric (20 cm x 20 cm) + Agrimeth biofertilizer + organic fertilizer with M-Dec bio-decomposer, and (8) spacing models of symmetric (20 cm x 20 cm). The results showed that the use of a high population of rice plants requires sufficient nutrients, therefore, complete fertilization is needed in the form of organic, inorganic fertilizers and a biofertilizer to increase grain yields. The application of the spacing model of super double row tight accompanied by the application of Agrimeth biofertilizer and organic fertilizer using M-Dec bio-decomposer obtained the best rice grain yield of 8,400 kg/ha with a profit of IDR 26,635,000 and B/C ratio of 2.39, being economically feasible.

Can saline irrigation improve the quality of tomato fruits?

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation with saline water on fruit quality, yield, and plant nutrition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars. Tomato cultivation was carried out under protected environment conditions in a double row system with drip irrigation performed according to the demand of the plants. Commercial fruit weight, commercial fruit number, fruit yield, absorption of Ca, N, P, S, K, and Mg were all affected by saline irrigation. The leaf Na concentration and the concentration of total phenolic compounds, total titratable acids, total soluble solids, vitamin C, carotenoids, and flavonoids in the fruits were favored from the increase in irrigation salinity. The Na+ causes a deficiency of Ca, which impairs seed formation in tomato fruits, as Ca is a structural element in the formation of the pollen grain. The Onix genotype had the highest yield, weight, and number of commercial fruits under control and moderate salt stress conditions. Saline water impaired nutrient absorption and improved tomato fruit quality. Under salt stress, tomato plants were able to absorb and translocate large amounts of Na+ to the shoot and even improved the organoleptic quality of fruits, increasing the content of carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamin C, total phenolic compounds, total soluble solids, and total titratable acids of tomato fruits. The clustering analysis was able to show the highest genetic dissimilarity between the group composed of Shanty, Maestrina, and Ipa 6 and the group with Sheena, Totalle, and Pizzadoro under salt stress conditions; also, it evidenced the greater stability of these genotypes.

Quadriceps tendon repair using double row suture anchor fixation: Case reports and review of the literature.

IntroductionTraumatic rupture of the quadricipital tendon is rare and disabling. The traditional repair technique involving transpatellar tunnels is still relevant, but this technique seems to be superseded for the technique using anchors. This study aimed to present the place of the anchors in quadriceps tendon tears, and assess the functional results after a means follow-up of 18.66 months.Case reportsWe report 03 cases of acute rupture of the quadricipital tendon collected in the Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics Department. The average age was 53.66 years, all patients were male, the rupture occurred after a sporting accident in one case, and in 2 cases concerning minimal trauma from a fall in 2 patients followed for renal failure. The average consultation time was 48 h. The right knee was affected in 2. The clinical presentation was identical in all patients with the deficit of active extension of the leg. All patients were treated surgically with the use of double row anchors. The technique used consisted of insertion of two 5.0 mm anchors at the base of the patella, and the proximal part of the quadricipital tendon was sutured with heavy absorbable sutures using Krakow suture.ResultsAt a mean follow-up of 18.66 months, no infectious complications were noted, no active extension deficit and the active flexion average was 123.33°.ConclusionThe rupture of the quadricipital tendon is a rare injury. Surgical treatment by double row anchors gives excellent results with a satisfactory medium-term functional recovery and allow early rehabilitation.

Influence of land leveling and planting pattern on productivity, water use efficiency and economic of sorghum (Sorghum bicolar)

This study was conducted at Engineering farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India, during winter 2016-17 using sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolar) to examine the effect of three land leveling (control or unleveled, conventional land leveling and leveling with laser guided land leveler) and three planting systems (ridge and furrow, double row bed planting and triple row bed planting). The laser guided land leveler significantly improved the growth attributes of sorghum as compared to the control whereas the growth attributes were recorded highest under double row bed planting. The highest yield attributes were recorded in laser guided land leveler. The best results of sorghum yield attributes were recorded under double row bed planting. In land leveling, laser guided land leveler significantly improved yield of sorghum (grain and fodder) as compared to control. Whereas, maximum sorghum yield was obtained under double row bed planting over rest planting system. The soil moisture distribution, water saving and water use efficiency were improved under laser guided land leveler with double row bed planting over rest of the treatments. The highest gross return, net return and benefit: cost ratio were obtained under laser guided land leveler with double row bed planting over rest of the treatments.

Yields of Promising Sugarcane Clones under Three Different Planting Arrangements

A field experiment was conducted at Kediri, East Java, to examine the influence of row spacing on the yield of five promising clones from August 2018-June 2020. The investigation was of a Split-Plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three planting arrangements: SR, single row spacing at 110 cm, DR1, double rows spacing 50+135 cm, and DR2, double rows spacing 50+170 cm. Sub-plots consisted of five promising clones and one check variety: MLG 5, MLG 9, MLG 14, MLG 52, MLG 55, and PS 881. The results suggest no overall significant effect of planting arrangement on sugar yield, though clones may vary. There are significant differences in yield between some clones. Wider rows, DR2, show the highest yield in tonnes of cane per hectare (TCH) in PC (153.94 t/ha) with a slight decrease (14%) in RC-1 due to reduced plant population. Sugar yield in tonnes of sugar per hectare (TSH) in various planting arrangements ranges from 12.26-13.99 t/ha in PC and 10.68-11.93 t/ha in RC-1. MLG 9 can be released as a new variety with high cane and sugar yields.

Influence of land leveling and planting pattern on productivity, water use efficiency and economic of sorghum (Sorghum bicolar)

This study was conducted at Engineering farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India, during winter 2016-17 using sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolar) to examine the effect of three land leveling (control or unleveled, conventional land leveling and leveling with laser guided land leveler) and three planting systems (ridge and furrow, double row bed planting and triple row bed planting). The laser guided land leveler significantly improved the growth attributes of sorghum as compared to the control whereas the growth attributes were recorded highest under double row bed planting. The highest yield attributes were recorded in laser guided land leveler. The best results of sorghum yield attributes were recorded under double row bed planting. In land leveling, laser guided land leveler significantly improved yield of sorghum (grain and fodder) as compared to control. Whereas, maximum sorghum yield was obtained under double row bed planting over rest planting system. The soil moisture distribution, water saving and water use efficiency were improved under laser guided land leveler with double row bed planting over rest of the treatments. The highest gross return, net return and benefit: cost ratio were obtained under laser guided land leveler with double row bed planting over rest of the treatments.

Nitrogen level impact on the production of double row fodder of maize

Maize is the most important crop in Mexico, being central to the diets of consumers, particularly smallholders, and an undetermined amount is allocated as straw, green fodder, and, to a lesser extent, as silage for animal feed. Nitrogen fertilizer is considered one of the most important factors affecting growth, grain yield, and maize biomass production. In this context, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on maize production. A randomized complete block experimental design consisted of three treatments of nitrogen (180, 160, and 80 kg/ha) with three replications and morphological (plant height, stem thickness, and rate of growth), yield, and yield components (cob weight, length, thickness, number of rows per cob, and plant biomass) variables were used. The results suggest that the increase in nitrogen levels increases all the parameters of maize production. However, at 160 kg/ha, the greatest production of fodder was recorded with 5.99 tons/ha, superior to the one reported at 180 kg/ha, which was 5.47 tons/ha. We conclude that the maize fodder production can be optimized with the use of 160 kg/ha in the conditions of the altiplano of San Luis Potosí (Mexico).

Nitrogen level impact on the production of double row fodder of maize

Nitrogen level impact on the production of double row fodder of maize

Current situation, trends and challenges for efficient and sustainable peach production

In Spain, the total surface occupied by deciduous fruit species in 2019 was 190,414 ha. Peach is the second most important Prunus species with 77,464 ha and a production of 1,480,000 t per year. Labour is the main production cost, amounting to 45% of the total cost in 2020 and primarily involving pruning, thinning and harvesting. The common trend regarding agronomical orchard models, in deciduous fruit species, is planting intensification, combining mid to low vigour rootstocks and training systems based on small, bi-dimensional canopies. Size-controlling rootstocks such as Rootpac-40, Isthara or Adesoto-101, Among others, resulted in better yield efficiency and improved fruit quality compared with GF-677. In 7-year-old trees of ‘Luciana’ nectarine cultivar, the use of size-controlling rootstock Rootpac-40 and an intensive orchard trained in central leader allowed both earlier and higher yields, resulting in a difference of 102 tha−1 compared with the standard Spanish gobolet system on GF-677. With ‘Noracila’ and the same combinations, the difference was 109 tha−1. The central leader/single row and central leader/double row training systems, despite requiring a greater orchard establishment cost, gave earlier and higher yields in ‘Ambra’ and ‘Luciana’ cultivars grafted on G-677, around 48% for double row and 30% for single row, compared to the Spanish gobelet system. Planar canopies allowed an efficient use of mechanical and manual pruning and flower thinning, which improved harvest efficiency (kg.h−1) by 28%. As a result, a production cost reduction of around 15% was recorded in comparison to the Spanish gobelet system. Greater efficiency in total labour per season enabled a reduction of 39%, from 651 h.ha−1 for the Spanish gobelet system to 398 h.ha−1 for the central leader system. Additionally, an increase in fruit quality, particularly fruit size and SSC content, due to a more uniform light distribution was observed. In these planar intensive systems, including palmette, a reduction in light interception of 17% was recorded when compared to the open vase system. Yields obtained were more related to planting density and canopy architecture than the average of intercepted light. Currently, the central leader and bi-axis are the most important systems used in intensive orchards in Spain, with planting densities from 1,900 to 3,100 trees.ha−1. All these results support the sustainable intensification concept and make peach tree production more economically sustainable for growers.

Reparo artroscópico da lesão de manguito rotador: Uma análise da função, força muscular e dor entre técnicas de fileira simples e fileira dupla

Objective To evaluate the patients submitted to arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff (RC), comparing the functional results, muscle strength, and pain obtained after single row (SR) and double row (DR) techniques. Methods Data were collected at the postoperative follow-up (minimum of 12 months) of 128 patients submitted to arthroscopic RC repair from 2011 to 2018. The clinical-functional variables were collected through the clinical examination, and the demographic, surgical and injury variables of the RC were collected from the electronic medical records. The results were compared between the SR and DR groups. Results The DR group showed higher anterior elevation strength when compared with the SR group (SF: 4.72 ± 2.73 kg versus DR: 5.90 ± 2.73 kg; p = 0.017). The other variables of muscle strength, Constant-Murley Score, University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA), and pain, were similar. Performing the stratification by size, in the analysis of small and medium injuries, no differences were found between the groups. However, in the analysis of large and extensive injuries, patients submitted to DR presented superiority of both muscle lifting strength (SF: 3.98 ± 2.24 kg versus DR: 6.39 ± 2.73 kg) and Constant score (SF: 81 ± 10 versus DR: 88 ± 7). Conclusion The use of the DR technique in arthroscopic RC repair allowed higher levels of muscle strength for anterior shoulder elevation when compared with the SF technique. Data stratification in large and extensive injuries showed superiority of anterior shoulder elevation muscle strength and of the Constant score in patients submitted to DR.

Experimental investigation on thermal characteristics of a novel loop heat pipe for cooling high heat flux electronic chips

A novel flat evaporator loop heat pipe (LHP) has been designed and proposed to overcome the shortcoming of the traditional flat evaporator LHP that cannot operate normally in some positive gravity direction (especially +90º), and to solve the heat dissipation challenges of high heat flux electronic chips. The vapor channels of the capillary wick for the novel LHP were arranged in double rows. And a 1 mm thick smaller particle size copper powder embedded with two 0.5 mm thick stainless steel rings was sintered on the internal surface of the compensation chamber. The thermal characteristics of the novel LHP were investigated at nine different LHP orientations at heat sink temperature from 10 to 40 °C and flow rate of the cooling water of 1 to 4 L/min. The experimental study indicated that the novel flat evaporator LHP can operate normally in some positive gravity directions (especially +90º). And the LHP orientations have a significant influence on the junction temperature and the thermal performance of LHP. Compared with other LHP orientations, the junction temperature at the most favorable LHP orientation was only of 83.60 °C under the highest heat load of 750 W (83.33 W/cm2). The junction temperature increased from 86.67 to 88.64 °C at the maximum heat load of 750 W when the heat sink temperature was increased from 10 to 40 °C. The effect of flow rate of cooling water on the thermal characteristics of the novel LHP was less considerable in the range from 1 to 4 L/min

The effect of the number of anchors used in the medial row on clinical outcomes in arthroscopic double row repair of rotator cuff tears: retrospective evaluation of patients with 3 to 7 years of follow-up

Aim: Arthroscopic double row (DR) suture anchor repair is one of the most frequently applied methods in the surgical treatment of rotator cuff tear (RCT). Various modifications have been tried to eliminate some of the disadvantages of this technique such as operation time, high cost, and the high risk of retearing. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether placing a single or double suture anchor in the medial row affects clinical and functional outcomes and retear rates in patients with RCT who were operated with the DR suture anchor technique.&#x0D; Material and Method: A retrospective study including 58 patients aged 18-65 years who underwent DR suture anchor repair due to medium-sized RCT and had a minimum follow-up period of 3 years was conducted. One knotless anchor was placed in the lateral row in all patients. In the medial row, we placed 1 all suture anchor (ASA) in group 1 and 2 ASAs in group 2. Visual pain scale (VAS), University of California Los Angeles Score (UCLA), American shoulder and elbow score (ASES) scales were used for preoperative and postoperative clinical and functional evaluation, and complications and retears were recorded.&#x0D; Results: When the preoperative and postoperative VAS, UCLA and ASES scores were compared within groups, there were significant difference from pre- to post-operative findings in both groups (p 0.05). Operation time in Group 1 was significantly shorter than in Group 2 (p