Double Redox Research Articles

Anodic oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone in the presence of RuO2 and KCI redox double mediator

Indirect anodic oxidation of anthracene achieved by using both chloride anion and ruthenium cation redox double mediator in a multi phase system was studied. Factors affecting the current efficiency of anthraquinone were explored. The results revealed that the highest current efficiency of anthraquinone reached 78%. The current efficiency was mainly affected by the amount of electricity passed, the RuO2 and double redox mediator, the kind of electrolyte used, the concentration of anthracene, the agitation rate, the concentration of KCl and the pH value. Further, the current efficiency was slightly affected by the anode current density and the concentration of RuO2.

Effect of annealing and replacement of vanadium by Cr(III) and Mn(IV) ions in (V2O5)0.8–(P2O5)0.2 glass on its magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity, and dielectric constant

The effect of heat treatment and substitution of vanadium by other transition metal ions, such as Cr3+ or Mn4+ in (V2O5)0.8–(P2O5)0.2 glass on the electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and magnetic susceptibility has been studied over a temperature range of 80–400 K and frequencies of 102–106 Hz. The ac conductivity, σac, was found to be increased by annealing and decreased by the replacement of vanadium with Mn4+ or Cr3+ ions. The σac value increased with the measuring frequency ω according to σac(ω)=A(ω)s, where s has a value in the range of 0.33–0.48. Dielectric loss ε showed maxima at temperatures depending on the sample composition and the measuring frequency. The magnetic susceptibility χ was found to increase by annealing and by introducing Cr3+ or Mn4+ into glass materials. The results obtained were explained on the basis of a mutual interaction, which is exclusively occurring between double redox pairs during the sample preparation or during the annealing process, to produce a shift in redox ratios. The experimental results were correlated together and discussed.

Kinetics of Anodic Oxidation of 2-Propanol in the Presence of Double Redox Mediator

The kinetics of anodic oxidation of 2-propanol in the presence of ruthenium dioxide and sodium chloride double redox mediators was studied. The results indicated that the reaction rate was first order with respect to 2-propanol and zero order with respect to both ruthenium dioxide and sodium chloride when the concentration of NaCl was less than 2.0 M. The experimental results correlated well with the theoretical results. When the NaCl concentration was larger than 2.0 M, the experimental reaction rate mainly depended on the concentrations of both 2-propanol and NaCl and were first and third orders, respectively. The experimental results could not correlate with the theoretical ones when the concentration of NaCl was more than 2.0 M, for which the conductivity increased many-fold.

Double Redox Reactions (the authors reply)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTDouble Redox Reactions (the authors reply)Claudio Giomini , Giancarlo Marrosu , and Mario E. Cardinali View Author Information ICMMPM Department via del Castro Laurenziano, 7 I-00161 Rome, ItalyCite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 7, 744Publication Date (Web):July 1, 1997Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1997Published inissue 1 July 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ed074p744.5RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (77 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Redox reactions Get e-Alerts

Factors Affecting the Anodic Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol in the Presence of Double Redox Mediators

Factors Affecting the Anodic Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol in the Presence of Double Redox Mediators

Preparation of bifunctonal catallysts

Catalyzed reactions are usually a combination of various reaction pathways that require Catalysts to possess more than one chemical function. These reaction types and Catalyst functions are reviewed and bifunctionality of Catalysts is exemplified in the ensemble control effect for oxidation of carbons to CO/CO 2, double redox oxide Catalysts for partial oxidation of methane, base-hydrogenation Catalysts for methanol and higher alcohol synthesis as well as the water gas shift reaction, hydrogenation-CO insertion Catalysts for higher alcohol synthesis, and acid- hydrogenation Catalysts for the synthesis of ethers.

ChemInform Abstract: Indirect Electrooxidation of Halohydrins by a Double Mediatory System of Ru(VIII)/Ru(IV) and (Cl+)/Cl‐. Optimization for the Oxidation of 1,3‐Dichloro‐2‐propanol to 1,3‐Dichloroacetone

Optimum conditions for the electrooxidation of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1) to 1,3-dichloroacetone (2) by using a double redox system of Ru(VIII)/Ru(IV) and [Cl+]/Cl− are elucidated. The electrolysis of 1 in an AcOEt–aqueous NaCl (2:3 v/v) system buffered at pH 2–4 in a divided cell at 0–5°C gives 2 in 98% selectivity toward 1,1,3-trichloroacetone (3) under the current efficiency of 92%.

Indirect Electrooxidation of Halohydrins by a Double Mediatory System of Ru(VIII)/Ru(IV) and [Cl+]/Cl−. Optimization for the Oxidation of 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol to 1,3-Dichloroacetone

Abstract Optimum conditions for the electrooxidation of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1) to 1,3-dichloroacetone (2) by using a double redox system of Ru(VIII)/Ru(IV) and [Cl+]/Cl− are elucidated. The electrolysis of 1 in an AcOEt–aqueous NaCl (2:3 v/v) system buffered at pH 2–4 in a divided cell at 0–5°C gives 2 in 98% selectivity toward 1,1,3-trichloroacetone (3) under the current efficiency of 92%.

Redox ratio shifts and electrical transport properties in redox pairs containing glasses

The electrical transport properties in polyvalent ions containing glasses are closely connected with redox shifts. Single redox pairs depend on the usual thermodynamic and substantial parameters. For double redox pairs there also exists a mutual interaction - exclusively during cooling or quenching - which is mainly due to their oxidation potentials and which produces a shift of their redox ratios (electrochemical series). This determines not only the direction of the electrochemical reaction, but also possible and non-possible hopping processes between partners of different redox pairs. In that way it is possible to get increasing or decreasing conductivity by partial substitution of one redox pair by another one, depending widely on the redox ratio starting situation and on the efficiency of the dominant type of hopping process.