Double Quotation Research Articles

Notes for contributors

Notes for contributors 
 
 It is understood that articles submitted to TESOL in Context have not been previously published and are not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
 Articles around 6,000 words including references are preferred, and an abstract of up to 200 words should be included with each article submitted.
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 One file should contain a separate cover page with the article’s title, the names of the author/s, their preferred titles, and the contact details for the author to whom correspondence should be sent (address, telephone numbers, and email address). About 70 words of biographical data should also be included.
 A second file should contain the title followed by the abstract, the body of the paper and the list of references. Number the pages but do not use identifying headers or footers.
 Headings and sub-headings should be left aligned, with the first letter capitalised.
 Indicate new paragraphs by using one extra line space.
 Text should be Times New Roman, 12 points, with 1.5 spacing.
 Short quotations should be incorporated into the text and enclosed with double quotation marks.
 Quotations of more than about 40 words should be set off from the main text by indentation, without any quotation marks.
 Referencing should follow the APA referencing style; for examples, see a recent issue of the journal at http:// www.tesolincontext.org.au/.
 References in the text should be ordered alphabetically and contain the name of the author and the year of publication, e.g. (Adams, 2001; Jones, 1998). For direct quotations include the relevant page number(s), e.g. (Jones, 1998, p. 34).
 
 TESOL in Context, Volume 30, No.1
 TESOL in Context
 
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Pieturzīmes emuāros

On the internet, people can reach an audience in the way they want, for example, through social media. A blog is a website, often updated daily, in which users write about their thoughts or experiences relating to a subject. Nowadays, blogs have various functions: informational, entertaining, and communicative. Blogs can include texts, photos, videos, and links to other blogs. Writing a blog is subordinate to its audience. Readers ask questions on various issues in the comments. Punctuation marks are used to express emotions and attitudes in the text. The aim is to examine the use of punctuation marks – exclamation marks, question marks, ellipsis, dashes, and double quotation marks – in Latvian authors’ blogs. The empirical base of the study consists of about 500 units of broad syntactic constructions, which have been extracted manually and from the “Latvian Language Blog Corpus”. 27 personal, one woman + man blog, and five cooperative blogs have been examined. Attention is paid to punctuation marks used in blogs and commentaries of blogs in various syntactic constructions, e.g., utterances and parenthesis. The study uses descriptive, comparative, and quantitative research methods. A quantitative analysis of the blog entries shows that expressive use of graphical means is more frequent in personal blogs. Bloggers use emoticons in personal and cooperative blogs.

A Framework Proposal for Detecting and Preventing Academic Misconduct in Japanese Language as L2

Japanese is a language in which its sociocultural background affects strongly the acquisition and output processes for the L2 learners. The acquisition process has more layers not only because it has 4 unique ideogram-based writing system (Hiragana, Katakana, Kanji and Romaji), but also has differences in writing procedures (e.g., orthographic rules, punctuation marks, etc.). The interaction in daily life with Japanese language and culture is extremely limited, particularly for the Japanese L2 learners who are outside of the Kanji cultural zone. Those kinds of factors make the academic misconduct issues in Japanese language learning/writing process more complicated. On the other side, academic misconduct issues (detection techniques, tools, prevention methods, etc.) in the Japanese language are mostly considered within the framework based on Western languages. However, as it is mentioned earlier, Japanese language has fundamental differences in linguistic, communicative, cultural, historical aspects. In a language where there is no double quotation mark as it is in Western languages, even punctuation marks are unique, and 4 different writing systems are used together, academic misconduct issues can be partially detected and prevented with a framework based on Western languages. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a framework for specific foreign languages as Japanese to detect and prevent from academic misconduct. This paper aims to offer a research framework to be made later about academic misconduct that targets Japanese L2 learners and receive feedback about the experiences in different disciplines and languages to develop the research framework and tools. As we will only present the framework of the survey, this presentation will not promise concrete research findings. The survey we are planning to conduct will be composed of three sections. First section will aim to reveal the cognitive/notional knowledge of Japanese L2 learners on academic misconduct such as plagiarism, cheating. Second section will try to find out what motivations led Japanese L2 learners to academic misconduct. In the third section, Japanese L2 learners' procedural knowledge on academic misconduct will be evaluated by giving learners various Japanese texts.

New Editions of The Great Gatsby

<i>New Editions of</i> The Great Gatsby

중복 허용된 문장 부호의 사용 양상 연구

The purpose of this study is to understand the usage of punctuation marks that are allowed to be duplicated under the 2015 revised norms of punctuation marks. The survey was composed of periods, question marks, commas, interpuncts, double greater and less-than signs, single greater and less-than signs, double quotation marks, single quotation marks, hyphens, wavy line, tables and underscores. The example sentences used in the survey use the sentences provided in the code regulations. The survey was taken by a 120 people and although the principle punctuation marks showed a high preference as well as permissible punctuation marks, similar sentences consisted of different punctuation marks depending on the example sentence. According to the results of the survey, if the ratio regulations of principles to permissible is large and the proportion of principles to permissible regulations is larger, the permissible regulations were deleted. In addition, if the permissible regulations account for a large proportion of the amount, the use of the code was kept or deleted according to whether or not it is related to the principles.

Risk Factors in Burning Mouth Syndrome among Older Adults

Background of the study: A chronic and untraceable condition of pain is burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and is commonly observed in middle-aged and elderly people of both the genders. Many psychiatric disease that include anxiety levels, personality disorders and depressions are caused by oral problems i.e dysgeusia, burning mouth, oral malodour and dry mouth. Objective: This study aimed investigation of factors of risk associated with BMS in elderly people of both the genders. Design: It was a systematic review. Material and Methods: Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used and studies published from 2008 till date of review were included in the systematic review. For gathering relevant studies, some key words were used to find already published material i.e “elder, older, burning mouth syndrome / BMS, oral health problems, and elderly people”. Moreover, for enhancing relevancy and appropriateness, Boolean operators like AND, OR, double quotations, asterisk etc. were used. Popular and good reputed databases with peer-reviewed articles and journals were used that included PubMed health, Google scholar, EBSCO host, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane Library. A table comprising of columns like study title, name of author, sample size, research objective, limitations and key findings was prepared for data extraction. Results: Based on moderate or strong quality, thirteen studies relevant to the objective were shortlisted. These studies had highlighted BMS as risk factor. It was held that female population is more affected by BMS in comparison with males and its prevalence is high in elderly aged people i.e. above 55-years age. Conclusion: From findings of the review, it is established that in older population numerous risk factors of BMS are dental procedures, increased age, lacking therapeutic treatments, lack of knowledge besides poor knowledge and practices of medical staff and poor care being given to older age people especially in post-menopausal stage in women. Keywords: Burning mouth syndrome, WHO, global population, post-menopause.

Quoted speech in linguistics research article titles: patterns of use and effects on citations

This paper investigates the uses and scholarly impact of quoted/direct speech in research article titles (e.g., "I Know I'm Generalizing but…": How Teachers' Perceptions Influence ESL Learner Placement) across the 50 highest-listed linguistics journals according to Clarivate Analytics’ inCites Journal Citation Reports. The aims of the study were to: (1) uncover the prevalence of titles featuring quoted speech between 1980 and 2019, (2) describe how directly reported speech is utilised structurally in article titles, and (3) investigate the effects of various patterns of use of quotations on articles’ age-weighted citation rates. 640 linguistics articles with speech act titles were uncovered, occurring with an incidence of 1.8% in the dataset (n = 36,438), although their prevalence has risen significantly since 2004. Structural analysis revealed 90.9% of quotations were contained in the first segment of a compound title, serving to create an information gap (often for the purposes of provoking interest or intrigue), which is resolved in the second segment; the research article’s topic. Regression analysis showed that speech act titles were significant negative determinants of articles’ age-weighted citations, particularly the prevalent pattern of compound structures featuring a quotation phrased as a declarative. The length of the quotation was found to exert no significant effect, although quotations that were not marked by single or double quotation marks were found to have an especially suppressed scholarly impact.

한국의 쌍따옴표 저널리즘과 헤드라인 번역: 연합뉴스 연성화와 한일번역 분석을 중심으로

The headline of a newspaper article summarizes the content of the article, communicates the issue, and implies the importance of the article (Van Dijk, 1988). As you can see from the term ‘a shopper of headlines’, newspaper are mainly reading the headlines. In fact, the headline is used to determine the overall flow of the article content and to determine whether to read the article before read the article. Moreover, the ever-decreasing rate of readership and readership of newspapers increases the role and impact of headlines that capture readers’ attention and read the text. In terms of and readers’ acceptance, the headline plays an important role and function as much as the text of a newspaper article. Although the headlines serve as the front door of newspaper articles, they are common in the world, but the characteristics of the headlines and the practices of headlines may differ from one language culture to another. The biggest feature of the Korean headline is that it uses a lot of quotes directly in the headline. Although direct quotes are intense elements that cause the readers visual tension in the article text, they are used from the beginning, and in spite of the fact that they are used with special attention (Brooks, Kennedy, Moen, & Ranly 2002) The frequency is markedly higher. The so-called ‘double-quoted journalism’, which directly quotes the title of the article, has long been pointed out by Korean scholars (Lee 2007; Hwang 2008). Dual-quote journalism is a term that criticizes Korean headline practice, which does not independently verify the contents of a specific source, but makes a citation (Lee 2007: 67). This study focuses on ‘double quotation journalism’ in Korea and examines how Korean headline practice is reflected and controlled in Korean - Japanese translation.

“From Antyllus and Heliodorus” The problem of double quotations in the medical compendia by Oribasius and Aetius

Numerous fragments of ancient Greek medical writings otherwise lost have been transmitted in the Byzantine medical compendia by Oribasius (4th cent. AD), Aetius (6th cent. AD) and Paul of Aegina (7th cent. AD). Sometimes, in the compendia by Oribasius and Aetius one single chapter heading does not only indicate one, but two sources, using formulae like “from Antyllus and Heliodorus”. As these double quotations have been misunderstood in the past, this paper attempts to examine their exact meaning by considering all available data, e. g. scholia with author indications (the so-called R2 scholia in Oribasius), parallel Arabic versions of Greek texts and stylistic criteria. The result attained by this process is that in the Greek medical compendia double quotation formulae always indicate that the following chapter is a cento from different passages of the authors mentioned. This does not mean that the same text occurs in both authors or that there is a textual dependency between them, as it has been claimed in the past. Since, in general, changes of authors in such compound passages are either not completely marked by scholia or are not indicated at all, they can only be traced by means of a stylistic analysis and/or parallel (e. g. Arabic) versions of the text in question. The different approaches of identification are comprehensively discussed in the present paper. A comparison between parallel passages in Oribasius’ Medical Collections, the Eclogae and Aetius suggests that the R2scholia to Oribasius’ Medical Collections must have been written prior to Aetius’ lifetime (first half of the 6th century AD).

The dead trickster and his shrewd children? The persuasive use of the double quotations of a dead patriarch in Genesis 49:29-50:21

Biblical narrative is typically populated with characters who skilfully quote, misquote, or even distort the words of other characters. However, it is often rare in these biblical quotations to fin...

Transatlantic Trio: Empiricism, Evangelicalism, Romanticism, Essays and Reviews 1974–2017 by Richard E. Brantley

Reviewed by: Transatlantic Trio: Empiricism, Evangelicalism, Romanticism, Essays and Reviews 1974–2017 by Richard E. Brantley Renée Bergland (bio) Richard E. Brantley. Transatlantic Trio: Empiricism, Evangelicalism, Romanticism, Essays and Reviews 1974–2017. Culicidae Press, 2017. For all her vaunted solitude, despite her ruthless omissions, Emily Dickinson's poems are surprisingly crowded. Within her stanzas, a wide range of words and ideas meet up; circulate; share a buzz or a song; attempt to seduce each other; oppose each other with fierce politeness; mock; laugh; wonder; converse. The notion of Dickinson as social butterfly on the page, if not in real life, comes in part from Richard Brantley's 2013 Emily Dickinson's Rich Conversation, which offered a compelling reading of Dickinson's intellectual world as packed with theologians, philosophers, scientists, and poets. Now comes Transatlantic Trio: Empiricism, Evangelicalism, Romanticism—which might have been titled Richard Brantley's Rich Conversation. This collection of Brantley's essays, written from 1974 – 2017, is remarkable not only for its wide-ranging erudition, but also for its warmth and wit. Although it is a weighty tome (about 750 pages), it has a light touch. Brantley is a genial companion—intellectually amiable, infinitely curious and profoundly insightful. An epigraph for the preface quotes Czeslaw Milosz: "Early we receive a call, yet it remains incomprehensible, / and only late do we discover how obedient we were." Nested within another quotation (from Christian Wiman, My Bright Abyss), these lines are emblematic of the book, both because of the tricky double quotation (Brantley never says no to an exponential allusion), and because they foretell the surprisingly straightforward through lines that pull these essays and reviews into harmony. Over four or five decades, Brantley has listened for the antiphonies—the musical call and response—among theologians, philosophers, scientists, and poets. As he explains, over his career he has made a "concerted effort… to compose a complex harmony of ideas-over-time." The ideas that run through his work are those of John Locke and John Wesley. In every essay or review, in one way or [End Page 94] another, Brantley finds an optimistic assent to both empiricism and evangelicalism in Anglo-American Romanticism. The first section of the book, "Essays, First Series: Backgrounds of British and American Romanticism," includes essays on John Wesley, John Locke, and Jonathan Edwards; the fifth essay in this series is more of a brief summation, explaining that "Anglo-American Romanticism generated language at once empirical and evangelical." With that established, the second series focuses on British authors: Charles Wesley, Samuel Johnson, William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson. These essays trace out the "methodistical habits" of the poets, their romantic to late-romantic permutations of the empirical sense-experience of inner, spiritual life. The third series includes seven essays on Emily Dickinson. For Dickinson scholars, these essays may prove the most revelatory: Brantley starts by arguing that Dickinson's works are not only harbingers of twentieth-century modernism and postmodernism, but also (in a time travelling, reverse-causality twist), harbingers of late eighteenth-century romanticism. Declaring that single Dickinson poems contain both Late Romantic and pre-Modern tones, in harmonic counterpoint, Brantley says he values both, but that he is "drawn to the Late Romantic level of her layered language not only because I like it, but because it is neglected." It is a winning formulation of Brantley's optimistically inclusive both / and methodology. Essays on Empiricism, Wordsworth, Wesleyan theology, and late Romanticism follow. The last of the Dickinson essays is the heart of the book. Toward the end of it, Brantley writes "In sum, Dickinson's friends and loved ones, her literary precursors and coevals, her literary beneficiaries, and her aesthetic self-projections define the possibility of personal access to otherness through others." This is the intellectually collaborative, social Dickinson that Brantley has described so well elsewhere, but here his description is focused on the strands of empiricism, evangelicalism, and Romanticism that run together through the collection. To conclude, Brantley glosses "The Soul selects her own Society –" (Fr409), remarking, "Just as society pertains to John Locke's social contract and to John Wesley's Societies alike, so too does this key word denote Dickinson...

Chinese literary thesis punctuation error analysis

In this paper, I examined the punctuation errors in the four academic journals of Chinese literature and doctoral theses at three universities in Korea. First, It is an error to use double quotes where you need to use single quotes. For Korean, use single quotation marks(` `) for the part to be emphasized. On the contrary. in Korean, double quotation marks (“ ”) are used for quoting someone`s words or writings directly. Second, According to Korean spelling regulations, you can use single angle brackets( ) instead of Korean single quotation marks(「 」). You can use double angle brackets(≪ ≫) instead of Korean double quotation marks(『 』). This itself is not a problem. However, it is confusing that the punctuation is not uniform for each school and each journals. The reason why the Chinese literary system uses single angle brackets ( ) and double angle brackets (≪ ≫) instead of a quotation marks is simple. First, the brackets is familiar. Second, there are no Korean quotation marks on the keyboard. Third, Korean high schools and universities are not sensitive to punctuation marks because they do not teach Punctuation mark. When a graduate student writes a thesis, an advisor should be careful about the Punctuation mark. In addition, Chinese literary journals should also be interested in punctuation marks. You should instruct the contributor to use the correct punctuation marks.

Associations between selective attention and soil-transmitted helminth infections, socioeconomic status, and physical fitness in disadvantaged children in Port Elizabeth, South Africa: An observational study.

BackgroundSocioeconomically deprived children are at increased risk of ill-health associated with sedentary behavior, malnutrition, and helminth infection. The resulting reduced physical fitness, growth retardation, and impaired cognitive abilities may impede children’s capacity to pay attention. The present study examines how socioeconomic status (SES), parasitic worm infections, stunting, food insecurity, and physical fitness are associated with selective attention and academic achievement in school-aged children.MethodologyThe study cohort included 835 children, aged 8–12 years, from eight primary schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods of Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The d2-test was utilized to assess selective attention. This is a paper and pencil letter-cancellation test consisting of randomly mixed letters d and p with one to four single and/or double quotation marks either over and/or under each letter. Children were invited to mark only the letters d that have double quotation marks. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed via the 20 m shuttle run test and muscle strength using the grip strength test. The Kato-Katz thick smear technique was employed to detect helminth eggs in stool samples. SES and food insecurity were determined with a pre-tested questionnaire, while end of year school results were used as an indicator of academic achievement.Principal findingsChildren infected with soil-transmitted helminths had lower selective attention, lower school grades (academic achievement scores), and lower grip strength (all p<0.05). In a multiple regression model, low selective attention was associated with soil-transmitted helminth infection (p<0.05) and low shuttle run performance (p<0.001), whereas higher academic achievement was observed in children without soil-transmitted helminth infection (p<0.001) and with higher shuttle run performance (p<0.05).Conclusions/SignificanceSoil-transmitted helminth infections and low physical fitness appear to hamper children’s capacity to pay attention and thereby impede their academic performance. Poor academic achievement will make it difficult for children to realize their full potential, perpetuating a vicious cycle of poverty and poor health.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN68411960

Similarity Analysis of Korean Medical Literature and Its Association with Efforts to Improve Research and Publication Ethics.

In the present study, the frequency of research misconduct in Korean medical papers was analyzed using the similarity check software iThenticate®. All Korean papers written in English that were published in 2009 and 2014 in KoreaMed Synapse were identified. In total, 23,848 papers were extracted. 4,050 original articles of them were randomly selected for similarity analysis. The average Similarity Index of the 4,050 papers decreased over time, particularly in 2013: in 2009 and 2014, it was 10.15% and 5.62%, respectively. And 357 (8.8%) had a Similarity Index of ≥ 20%. Authors considered a Similarity Index of ≥ 20% as suspected research misconduct. It was found that iThenticate® cannot functionally process citations without double quotation marks. Papers with a Similarity Index of ≥ 20% were thus individually checked for detecting such text-matching errors to accurately identify papers with suspected research misconduct. After correcting text-matching errors, 142 (3.5% of the 4,050 papers) were suspected of research misconduct. The annual frequency of these papers decreased over time, particularly in 2013: in 2009 and 2014, it was 5.2% and 1.7%, respectively. The decrease was associated with the introduction of CrossCheck by KoreaMed and the frequent use of similarity check software. The majority (81%) had Similarity Indices between 20% and 40%. The fact suggested that low Similarity index does not necessarily mean low possibility of research misconduct. It should be noted that, although iThenticate® provides a fundamental basis for detecting research misconduct, the final judgment should be made by experts.

Marsilius of Inghen, Quaestiones super quattuor libros Sententiarum, vol. 3, Super primum, Quaestiones 22–37, ed. Maarten J. F. M. Hoenen and Markus Erne. (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 173.) Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2014. Pp. xi, 454. $219. ISBN: 978-9004272422.

Marsilius of Inghen, <i>Quaestiones super quattuor libros Sententiarum</i>, vol. 3, <i>Super primum, Quaestiones 22–37</i>, ed. Maarten J. F. M. Hoenen and Markus Erne. (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 173.) Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2014. Pp. xi, 454. $219. ISBN: 978-9004272422.

Intertextuality as a game of popular and sublime

The thesis presented in this paper shows that literature has not completely lost its role of cultural capital. The reason for optimism is found in intertextuality as a key feature of postmodern art. The postmodern method in popular culture involves use of high art stylistic solutions while at the same time the content of popular genres treats very complex issues. We take as an example the television series True Detective, produced by the American HBO network, to show that even in that popular form it is possible to identify features of postmodern art such as double coding, intertextual irony and quotations. Through its themes and motifs, this series has been associated with one of the most significant work of the canonical literature - Dante's Divine Comedy. Also, one work of popular literature has been explicitly quoted in this series - a collection of stories from the 19th century The King in Yellow by Robert Chambers.

Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Common Law World by Gerald J. Postema * Springer, 2011. Pgs VII-XXV, 3-618. ISBN 978-90-481-8959-5. The words in double quotation marks have a page number for reference; those in single quotation marks are merely bits of characteristic language used in the book.

This big book recounts the march of the giants of 20th century English language jurisprudence, one aiming to bring progress to history by means of a sustained philosophical inquiry over time. My task in this CJLJ Book Review is especially to show, by discussing but a small aspect of each chapter, how valuable Postema’s book is for a philosopher of law professionally. It is a story which for many well-practiced jurisprudes could spell, in a word, réanimation. That said: if someone early in the 22nd century writes a history of legal philosophy looking back on the 21st century, Gerald Postema’s critical history which looks back on 20th century will surely be counted as one of the major achievements of the 21st—our time. Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Common Law World is a brilliant book and, for the rest of us incapable of achieving anything like this (and I mean the rest of us), it is simply breathtaking.

Testing search strategies for systematic reviews in the Medline literature database through PubMed.

A high-quality electronic search is essential in ensuring accuracy and completeness in retrieved records for the conducting of a systematic review. We analysed the available sample of search strategies to identify the best method for searching in Medline through PubMed, considering the use or not of parenthesis, double quotation marks, truncation and use of a simple search or search history. In our cross-sectional study of search strategies, we selected and analysed the available searches performed during evidence-based medicine classes and in systematic reviews conducted in the Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Brazil. We analysed 120 search strategies. With regard to the use of phrase searches with parenthesis, there was no difference between the results with and without parenthesis and simple searches or search history tools in 100% of the sample analysed (P = 1.0). The number of results retrieved by the searches analysed was smaller using double quotations marks and using truncation compared with the standard strategy (P = 0.04 and P = 0.08, respectively). There is no need to use phrase-searching parenthesis to retrieve studies; however, we recommend the use of double quotation marks when an investigator attempts to retrieve articles in which a term appears to be exactly the same as what was proposed in the search form. Furthermore, we do not recommend the use of truncation in search strategies in the Medline via PubMed. Although the results of simple searches or search history tools were the same, we recommend using the latter.

ISO terminological analysis of the VIM3 concepts ‘quantity’ and ‘kind-of-quantity’

The recent third edition of the International Vocabulary of Metrology—Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM3) (JCGM 200:2008 (Sèvres: BIPM); also ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 3rd edn (Geneva: ISO)) has undergone important changes, not least by adhering to ISO International Standards on terminology work (ISO 704:2000 Terminology Work—Principles and Methods; ISO 1087-1:2000 Terminology Work—Vocabulary—Part 1: Theory and Application; ISO 10241:1992 International Terminology Standards—Preparation and Layout). A recent critique (Mari 2009 Metrologia 46 L11–L15)—based on Object-Oriented Analysis—centres on the meaning and relation of the two first and fundamental concepts ‘quantity’Single quotation marks (‘…’) or bold type indicate a concept when necessary, double quotation marks (“…”) a term or quotation. and the new entry ‘kind-of-quantity’. This makes it timely to analyse the two concepts, their relation and their respective role in forming the generic hierarchical concept system of VIM3 from ‘property’ to individual quantities. It is suggested that ‘kind-of-quantity’ acts as a division criterionSynonyms are “criterion of subdivision”, “type of characteristic(s)”, see the annexe..

The Denoting Century, 1905–2005

_Russell_ journal (home office): E:CPBRRUSSJOURTYPE2602\REVIEWS.262 : 2007-01-24 01:12 eviews THE DENOTING CENTURY, 1 19 90 05 5– –2 20 00 05 5 Michael Scanlan Philosophy / Oregon State U. Corvallis, or 97331, usa mscanlan@oregonstate.edu Guido Imaguire and Bernard Linsky, eds. On Denoting: 1905–2005. Munich: Philosophia Verlag, 2005. Pp. 451. 98.00. isbn 3-88405-091-5. his anniversary collection of papers connected with Russell’s 1905 publiTcation of “On Denoting” reflects both the almost mythic status that paper has achieved in analytic philosophy and the quite variegated nature of the significance that philosophers have seen in it. The papers in this collection break down roughly into two sorts. There are those which take a historical approach and attempt to explicate various aspects of the content of the OD article. The other sort might be labelled “application” papers in which Russell’s analysis in OD is seen as a tool or a model for subsequent philosophical work, in the spirit of Ramsey’s much quoted “paradigm of philosophy” remark. The volume opens with a reprint of the OD text with pagination indicated for the original Mind printing, for the text in Collected Papers 4 and for the widely referenced Logic and Knowledge Russell collection edited by R. C. Marsh. The Mind and Papers texts use the American convention of single quotation marks within double quotation marks. The Marsh edition (and the text given here) uses the inverse British convention. Readers need to be aware that paper authors here, and elsewhere, vary in which text they cite. The end of the volume has a comprehensive 21-page bibliography of the secondary literature . In between there are thirteen papers. I will be rather brief with the “application” papers, since I believe that Russell readers will tend to favour the more historically oriented papers. Some of the application papers wander quite far afield from Russell’s treatment of definite descriptions. For instance the paper by Thomas Mormann on “Description, Construction and Representation from Russell and Carnap to Stone” takes off from Russell’s assertion that his theory of descriptions was an early version of his subsequent interest in substituting “constructions” for “inferred entities” such as space-time points. The paper is almost exclusively a (worthwhile and mathematically astute) analysis of Russell’s efforts along these lines in Our russell: the Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies n.s. 26 (winter 2006–07): 167–90 The Bertrand Russell Research Centre, McMaster U. issn 0036-01631 _Russell_ journal (home office): E:CPBRRUSSJOURTYPE2602\REVIEWS.262 : 2007-01-24 01:12 168 Reviews Knowledge of the External World and The Analysis of Matter. The author argues that Russell’s constructions did not actually achieve the effects he wanted, but that (curiously) they can be properly developed within the later framework of topological spaces developed by Marshall Stone in 1937. The paper by Guido Imaguire, “Theory of Descriptions and Inferential Semantics”, explicitly eschews an “exegetical” approach and allies itself with a “systematical approach, in which one analyses possible new features and extensions of the proposed theory” (p. 397). The extension considered here is to “inferential semantics”, especially that of Robert Brandom. The spirit of this approach is to take the semantics of a language to be determined by the set of allowed inferences within that language. Imaguire takes as an essential lesson of Russell’s theory of descriptions that definite descriptions and proper names cannot be treated as singular terms of a language in the same manner. He goes on to argue for a criterion for distinguishing proper names from definite descriptions based on inferences allowed between sentences containing them, and he takes this distinction to argue for a modification of Brandom’s treatment of singular terms in his inferential semantics. Elena Tatievskaya’s paper on “Russell’s Theory of Descriptions and Wittgenstein on Internal Properties of Propositions” is another paper that is mainly about something other than Russell and his theory of descriptions. It is a very detailed study of Wittgenstein’s attempt to make good on his claim that the logical symbols of propositional logic notation, such as v and ~, do not correspond to “logical” components of propositions (Tractatus...