Double Layer Security Research Articles

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DIGITAL SIGNATURE BASED ON ECDSA AND SCHMIDT-SAMOA CRYPTOSYSTEM

Digital Signature Technology is replacing paper-based work for customers and employees in various industries and e-commercial environment. Digital Signature provides cryptographic services like authentication, non-repudiation, and integrity for the digital data. With the development of internet, Digital Signature becomes increasingly important for security because of its integrity and authenticity. It is an electronic signature that can be used to authenticate the identity of the sender. Digital Signature does not provide confidentiality until an encryption algorithm is applied. In this study, a new model of Digital Signature is introduced using the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)with an encryption technique Schmidt Samoa Cryptosystem. This model provides double layer security with encryption as well as signing protocol. Proposed model provides features like confidentiality, non-repudiation, and authenticity.

A robust high capacity Gray code-based double layer security scheme for secure data embedding in 3D objects

In this study, we propose a novel high capacity double layer algorithm for secure data embedding in 3D objects. This is achieved by aggregating a cryptography layer through the deployment of Blowfish or AES-128 algorithms to a steganography layer based on a Gray code sequence that individuates the order of the vertices over which the embedding will occur. Thereafter, the 3D objects are preprocessed and the secret data is embedded over the vertices' x-, y- and z- coordinates. Hence, the 3D object capacity is effectively utilized. The secret data is then blindly extracted from the stego 3D object. The performance of the proposed algorithm is extensively investigated and compared to other commensurate studies from the literature. The proposed algorithm withstands vertex reordering and common geometrical similarity attacks such as reflection, uniform scaling, rotation and translation. Additionally, it partially withstands smoothing. The achieved numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of capacity, computational complexity, imperceptibility, distortion and robustness.

Double layer security using crypto-stego techniques: a comprehensive review.

Recent advancement in the digital technology and internet has facilitated usage of multimedia objects for data communication. However, interchanging information through the internet raises several security concerns and needs to be addressed. Image steganography has gained huge attention from researchers for data security. Image steganography secures the data by imperceptibly embedding data bits into image pixels with a lesser probability of detection. Additionally, the encryption of data before embedding provides double-layer protection from the potential eavesdropper. Several steganography and cryptographic approaches have been developed so far to ensure data safety during transmission over a network. The purpose of this work is to succinctly review recent progress in the area of information security utilizing combination of cryptography and steganography (crypto-stego) methods for ensuring double layer security for covert communication. The paper highlights the pros and cons of the existing image steganography techniques and crypto-stego methods. Further, a detailed description of commonly using evaluations parameters for both steganography and cryptography, are given in this paper. Overall, this work is an attempt to create a better understanding of image steganography and its coupling with the encryption methods for developing state of art double layer security crypto-stego systems.

Block-wise reversible data hiding in encrypted domain using SVD

In this paper, a scheme combining encryption and reversible data hiding is proposed. The encryption is performed twice to provide the double layer security of transmitted media/ digital image using Mersenne Twister and Philox counter-based pseudo random number generator. The proposed work utilizes properties of singular value decomposition (SVD) for the embedding of secret data. The scheme attains desirable results in terms of embedding capacity and security against malicious attacks and thus, can be applicable in many cloud based, computing and privacy protection fields effectively.

Multi-bit robust image steganography based on modular arithmetic

The main objective is to design a robust algorithm which can hide multiple target bits without direct replacement of the bits of cover image and at the same time maintain perceptibility of carrier medium by reducing the distortion rate by intensity adjustment. The method uses the strength of modular arithmetic for embedding target data and at the same time able to solve the overlapping problem. In this double layer security technique first the target bits are converted into another number system and then these converted digits are embedded by adjusting the pixel intensities in such a way so that modulo operation retrieve data correctly at the receiver side. The proposed technique is tested on different class of images and analyzed based on different parameters. The histograms are distorted significantly for more than four bit insertion and the average PSNR is 34.7 for four multi-bit insertion with 100% payload. Different standard LSB detectors like SP, WS etc. are fail to detect hidden bits and at the same time the statistical attack on stego media unable to get success on stego images. The performance of the proposed technique is measured by Stirmark Benchmark 4.0 whereas the security strength is calculated through KL divergence which establishes it as a more secure algorithm. The Average Embedding Capacity of this technique is four. The work shows better performances than many state-of-the-art-works. The method reduces the distortion rate to half of the standard multi-bit LSB technique. This helps to retain imperceptibility with the increase of capacity through multi-bit insertion. The robustness is introduced in this spatial domain technique by embedding target data without direct replacement of cover bits. This algorithm uses the NP-complete nature of modulo operation to increase security and at the same time introduces parallelism to reduce time complexity.

SVM based robust watermarking for enhanced medical image security

Medical images are more typical than any other ordinary images, since it stores patient’s information for diagnosis purpose. Such images need more security and confidentiality as total diagnosis depends on it. In telemedicine applications, transmission of medical image via open channel, demands strong security and copyright protection. In our proposed robust watermarking model, a double layer security is introduced to ensure the robustness of embedded data. The embedded data is scrambled using a unique key and then a transform domain based hybrid watermarking technique is used to embed the scrambled data into the transform coefficients of the host image. The data embedding in medical images involves more attention, so that the diagnosis part must not be affected by any modification. Therefore, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier, which classify a medical image into two regions i.e. Non Region of Interest (NROI) and Region of Interest (ROI) to embed watermark data into the NROI part of the medical image, using the proposed embedding algorithm. The objective of the proposed model is to avoid any quality degradation to the medical image. The simulation is performed to measure the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) for imperceptibility and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) to test the robustness. The experimented result shows, robustness and imperceptibility with SSIM of more than 0.50 and PSNR of more than 35 dB for proposed watermarking model.

DOUBLE LAYER SECURITY USING VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY AND TRANSFORM BASED STEGANOGRAPHY

With the recent advances in internet computing in our day to day life the need for communication has increased. Privacy in communication is desired when confidential information is shared between two parties. Mainly this project uses transform based steganography (DCT) and visual cryptography for hiding data. The proposed system provides double layer security. First level of security is achieved by using visual cryptography for the information to be transmitted and this is embedded onto images by using steganography. This project is implemented using Matlab software. In this project the expected result is we take 2 color images and for those we apply DCT and for the DCT transformed images LSB is applied with the bits of the shares which we would have got from V.C.

Data hiding in scrambled images: A new double layer security data hiding technique

The contemporary multimedia and communication technology has made it possible to replicate and distribute digital media easier and faster. This ease of availability causes the problem of exposing transmitted digital data on the network with the risk of being copied or intercepted illegally. Many cryptographic techniques are in vogue to encrypt the data before transmission to avert any security problems. However, disguised appearance of the encrypted data makes the adversary suspicious and increases the chances of malicious attack. In such a scenario data hiding has received significant attention as an alternate way to ensure data security. This paper presents a data hiding technique based on the concepts of scrambling and pseudorandom data hiding; to provide a data hiding system with two layer security to the embedded data, and good perceptual transparency of the stego images. The proposed system uses the novel concept of embedding the secret data in scrambled (encrypted) cover images. The data embedding is carried out in the Intermediate Significant and least significant bit planes of encrypted image at the predetermined locations pointed to by Pseudorandom Address Space (PAS) and Address Space Direction Pointer (ASDP). Experimental results prove the efficacy of scheme viz-a-viz various parameters of interest.