Double Cross Research Articles

Conformal high-efficiency ultra-thin flexible rectifying metasurface with a simple structure.

This paper proposes a conformal high-efficiency ultra-thin flexible rectifying metasurface (RMS) with a simple structure applied for wireless power transferring (WPT), featuring polarization insensitivity and wide-angle incidence capabilities. The RMS unit adopts a rotationally symmetric structure consisting of double rings and cross-shaped elements, with two diodes placed in the gap of the cross-shaped to achieve polarization insensitivity. Simultaneously, by adjusting the dimensions of the "double ring and cross" structure, its output impedance is varied to achieve conjugate matching with the diode input impedance, thereby eliminating the impedance matching network. Furthermore, a diode and an inductor are series-connected at the ends of one horizontal branch and one vertical branch of each unit's cross-shaped structure to enable interconnection between the RMS units and to form a direct current (DC) pathway. Simplifying the power combining network and reducing the complexity of the RMS system structure. The RMS of 6 × 6 units was designed and fabricated using a 0.6 mm flexible polyimide substrate, with overall dimensions of 114.6mm × 114.6 mm. Measurement results demonstrate that at 5.8 GHz, the proposed RMS achieves a system efficiency exceeding 66.26% under different polarizations. System efficiency exceeds 50.42% over an incident angle range of 0° to 30° and reaches 68.18% at an incident power density of 0.796 mW/cm2. Even with a conformal cylindrical radius of 100 mm, system efficiency remains above 35.44%.

Measurement of the 116Sn(18O, 18Ne)116Cd double charge exchange reaction at 276 MeV

The measurement of the 116Sn(18O, 18Ne)116Cd double charge exchange reaction cross section at very forward angles was performed for the first time at INFN-LNS using the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer. This study, carried out at 276 MeV beam energy, provides a cross section of 34 nb ([9, 44] nb at 95% confidence level), confirming the tiny values recently obtained for the same reaction in other nuclides. This result has a major impact on the forthcoming systematic investigation of 0νββ decay candidates carried out by the NUMEN project, since it allows to properly tailor future experiments with high-intensity beams. The ultimate goal of this exploration is to experimentally access information about nuclear matrix elements relevant to the 0νββ decay rate.

FE-CFNER: Feature Enhancement-based approach for Chinese Few-shot Named Entity Recognition

Although significant progress has been made in Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER) methods based on deep learning, their performance often falls short in few-shot scenarios. Feature enhancement is considered a promising approach to address the issue of Chinese few-shot NER. However, traditional feature fusion methods tend to lead to the loss of important information and the integration of irrelevant information. Despite the benefits of incorporating BERT for improving entity recognition, its performance is limited when training data is insufficient. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a Feature Enhancement-based approach for Chinese Few-shot NER called FE-CFNER. FE-CFNER designs a double cross neural network to minimize information loss through the interaction of feature cross twice. Additionally, adaptive weights and a top-k mechanism are introduced to sparsify attention distributions, enabling the model to prioritize important information related to entities while excluding irrelevant information. To further enhance the quality of BERT embeddings, FE-CFNER employs a contrastive template for contrastive learning pre-training of BERT, enhancing BERT’s semantic understanding capability. We evaluate the proposed method on four sampled Chinese NER datasets: Weibo, Resume, Taobao, and Youku. Experimental results validate the effectiveness and superiority of FE-CFNER in Chinese few-shot NER tasks.

L-Valine solution sensing based on fano resonance of terahertz metasurface sensor

A terahertz metasurface sensor with the asymmetric double metal crosses structure is presented. By adjusting the position of vertical bar to generate Fano resonance, the dipole radiation can be greatly suppressed, thereby reducing the ohms and radiation losses of metal and enabling the sensor to achieve a high quality factor (Q factor). A simulation analysis using CST software revealed that the Q factor of Fano peak and Fano dip can reach 25 and 51, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity of Fano peak can reach up to 319 GHz/RIU when the thickness of the coating layer is 12.5 μm. Experimentally, a solvent mixture of water and glycerol with a volume ratio of 2:8 is utilized. The lower limit of detection by this method to detect the concentration of l-Valine solution is 5 mM. The concentration sensitivity of l-Valine solution can be quantified at 1.92 GHz/mM.

Electron-impact double ionization cross sections and rate coefficients for Be-like ions: B+ to Ne6+

We report a detailed analysis of the electron-impact double ionization process for Be-like ions, spanning charge states from B+ to Ne6+. We considered both direct and indirect double ionization processes. For direct double ionization, we calculated the cross sections by considering three different processes: ionization-ionization (II), excitation-ionization-ionization (EII), and ionization-excitation-ionization (IEI). Our results show excellent agreement between the measured cross sections for Be-like-B and Be-like-O ions. The agreement is slightly weaker for Be-like-Ne ions when we take the potential of ionized ions in the distorted-wave method. For other ions for which experimental data are not available, our calculations should provide the missing data. We have summarized the trends of electron-impact double ionization cross sections with atomic number for isoelectronic sequences. Finally, we have provided the Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian rate coefficients for these Be-like ions. The data obtained should be useful for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium charge-state distributions in astrophysical research.

Influence of Mating Systems on Trait Associations in Segregating Populations of Maize (Zea mays L.) Double Cross

In the present challenging scenario of climate change, it is essential to breed maize cultivars that withstand stress especially abiotic stresses in a broader sense. Diversification of existing germplasm is invariable to harness the actual potential of maize hybrids which are bred for specific agroecosystems. Double crosses interact less with environment compared to single crosses and their broad parentage enables better performance under varied situations of cultivation. In the present study, impact of mating systems ie., self pollination, sib mating and open pollination was studied in a high yielding double cross of maize so as to identify robust and diverse recombinants. The double cross, (BML-32 x BML-6) x (BML-10 x BML-7) was imposed with the three types of mating systems for three consecutive seasons and the resultant S3 (F4) populations were evaluated for trait interrelationssips. It was observed that sib mating established stronger and highest number of positive correlations with seven and twelve additional positive correlations than self and open pollinations respectively among the yield and its attributing traits in its progenies. Therefore deploying sib mating cycles during line development may result in more effective selection processes. Results of path analysis, however, did not significantly vary with the mating type though sib mating showed lowest residual effect.

Adjusted Pareto Scaling for Multivariate Calibration Models

ABSTRACTThe performance of multivariate calibration models ŷ = f(x) for the prediction of a numerical property y from a set of x‐variables depends on the type of scaling of the x‐variables. Common scaling methods are autoscaling (dividing the centered x by its standard deviation s) and Pareto scaling (dividing the centered x by sP with P = 0.5). The adjusted Pareto scaling presented here varies the exponent P between 0 (no scaling) and 1 (autoscaling) with the aim of obtaining an optimum prediction performance for ŷ. Related scaling methods based on the variable spread are range scaling and vast scaling; while level scaling is based on the location (central value) of the variable. These scaling methods and robust versions are compared for models created by partial least‐squares (PLS) regression. The applied strategy repeated double cross validation (rdCV) evaluates the model performance for test set objects and considers its variability. Results with three data sets from chemistry show: (a) the efficacy of the different scaling methods depends on the data structure; (b) optimization of the Pareto exponent P is recommended; (c) range scaling or vast scaling may be better than adjusted Pareto scaling; (d) in general a heuristic search for the best scaling method is advisable. Overall, the consideration of different variants of scaling allow for a flexible adjustment of the variable contributions to the calibration model.

Dynamic loading response of an additively produced bio-inspired nacre structure with foam and acrylic filling

Numerous structures gain inspiration from nature and have been effectively incorporated into different applications such as automobiles and airplanes. In order to effectively withstand impact loads and achieve efficient energy absorption, it is necessary to incorporate appropriate structures along with suitable filler materials. This study examines the energy absorption capacities of a nacre structured core with foam filling at the central nacre cell cavities, as well as an acrylic filling at the top and bottom sides, under low velocity impacts. The design of experiments involved identifying and varying three important design parameters which influence the energy absorption behavior of the composites. Subsequently, fillers were incorporated and the specimens were subjected to drop weight testing. The composite material exhibited minimal deformations while absorbing a maximum energy of 40.87 J. Therefore, it proved that this composite could withstand dynamic impact loads in the absence of fiber face sheets, and adhesion between the PLA-carbon fiber and acrylic fill was also improved under these conditions. The higher energy absorption behavior was obtained due to the intermittent force transfer in the transverse direction due to the presence of the cross webs on the top and bottom of the composite plate. The alternate arrangement of the hard and flexible materials in the composite leads to the suppression of the stress step by step which results in high energy absorption behavior. In order to achieve optimal energy absorption with minimized deformations, the core structure must possess a nacre wall thickness of 2 mm with double cross web design.

WITHDRAWN: Lump, lump with damped oscillation, double cross kinky lump with oscillation, collision of kinky and breather wave solutions to a broadened Hietarinta-like equation

One of the most significant solutions to linear and nonlinear partial differential equations is a lump soliton as it has seismic wave nature. Realizing seismic natures of such lump and oscillating lump wave, one can take initiative to mitigate its harmful energies by opposite external periodic forces. The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate various lump solutions from kinky breather-wave. In this regard, the Hirota bilinear scheme and the enhanced homoclinic test procedure are utilized to get kinky breather-wave solutions with second-order linear dispersive components that can be produced by a fourth-order nonlinear term of the Hietarinta-like equation. By making particular values of certain parameters, we derived bright- dark lump solitons from kinky-breather propagation wave solutions in a specific scenario. The cross-kinky wave in breather form, lump with damped oscillation, kink with damped oscillation, as well as lump solutions are also obtained from the Hirota bi-linear scheme constructing breather waves. A set of 3D, 2D and density graphs are used to investigate such dynamical behaviors of model numerically. These patterns are also illustrated numerous clarifications for others prototypes in the purviews of nonlinear science and engineering.

Combining ability and multiple parent‐based approach to derive simultaneous transgressive segregants for multiple traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

AbstractPlant breeders are always in pursuit of desirable genes and gene complexes, leading to identification of potential and promising individuals/segregants often exhibiting traits with higher intensity. Identifying segregants with desirable combination of multiple traits would enable a breeder to develop superior cultivars. In this study, combining ability and multiple parent‐based approach was employed to derive segregants simultaneously superior for multiple traits. Single and double crosses were developed by crossing 11 parental lines in half diallel fashion and were evaluated under seven environments. To create crosses, the parental lines with the highest positive gca effects were selected in addition to desirable yield and fibre quality traits (SCYP, NOBP, BW, GOT, UHML and FS). The positive and significantly higher gca effects in these parents is an evidence of prominence of additive and additive × additive component of genetic variance. To identify desirable segregants, six F2 populations derived from four single and their two double crosses were evaluated by raising an optimal population size of 910–935 and 3040–3055 plants for single and double crosses, respectively. In each population, proportion of desirable and simultaneous transgressive segregants was estimated. A total of 19 (2.87%), 22 (3.32%) and 24 (3.60%) plants were transgressive in nature simultaneously for multiple traits in single crosses, namely, RAHH‐1755 and RAHH‐455, and double cross, namely, RHDC‐1933, of Group I, respectively. While in Group II, 22 (3.32%), 22 (3.32%) and 24 (3.60%) plants showed simultaneous transgressive segregation in RAHH‐1702, SHH‐818 and RHDC‐1940, respectively. The per cent simultaneous transgressive segregants were found to be higher in the double crosses compared with their respective single crosses, possibly for the reason that double crosses involve more number of parents owing to increased recombination. Hence, breeding for desirable segregating recombinants using diallel and multiple parent‐based approach paves the way towards directional selection based on combining ability making it more efficient compared with conventional means of hybridization followed by selection.

Influence of cross baffle on heat transfer of nanofluid flow inside circular pipe in existence of electromagnetic field: Computational study

The usage of electromagnetic sources for the improvement of the heat transfer of ferrofluid is an efficient method in heat exchangers. In this article, the effects of the non-uniform electromagnetic field on the thermal characteristics of the nanofluid with 4 % nanoparticles of Fe3O4 streaming inside the pipe with a double cross barrier are extensively investigated. To simulate the nanofluid flow, Computational Fluid Dynamic is applied and a three-dimensional model is chosen to reveal the main effects of the electromagnetic field on the thermal efficiency of the nanofluid flow. The main novelty of this work is related to the application of the cross baffle and non-uniform magnetic field for the heat transfer improvements. The achieved results show that the existence of the electromagnetic field and cross barrier facilitates the production of the vortex inside the pipe. Therefore, the thermal layer diffusion into the stream more efficiently, and the thermal efficiency of nanofluid is improved. The influence of magnetic field intensity also shows that increasing the thermal efficiency is a direct function of magnetic source intensity.

Micro-mechanical behavior of stone-blowing in ballast maintenance using DEM-CFD coupling method

Stone-blowing restores the track geometry by blowing small crushed stones into the bottom of the sleeper, extending the maintenance period. In this study, ballast and filling stones were modelled using discrete element method (DEM), while the air blowing was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The DEM-CFD coupled model has been used to simulate the stone-blowing process and investigate the optimal operation parameters from a micro view.The disturbance of ballast bed during stone-blowing process was analyzed. Meanwhile, the effect of air velocity and tube layouts on the stone-blowing, as well as the sleeper settlement after stone-blowing were discussed. The results show that the maximum disturbance occurs in the inserting area between sleepers, and the disturbance increased with faster insertion speed. It was suggested that the inserting speed of the tube is 0.4 m/s. When the air velocity of stone-blowing was not less than 20 m/s, the blowing quality meets the requirement. Furthermore, the four-tubed stone-blowing approach distributed filling stones more evenly under the sleeper, and reduced the risk of tube blockage. After stone-blowing, the contact number between the bottom of the sleeper and the ballast is greatly increased, reaching 217.9 % after double cross tubes, and 245 % after four tubes stone-blowing. The crushed stone blown in greatly improves the stress distribution of the ballast bed and makes the load transfer more uniform. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the stone-blowing process and can help optimize the stone-blowing parameters for efficient and effective track maintenance.

Arthroscopic Repair of radial meniscal tear by Double Vertical cross sutures through Inside-Out technique

Arthroscopic Repair of radial meniscal tear by Double Vertical cross sutures through Inside-Out technique

Evaluation of motility of solid versus hollowed ocular prosthesis. A double blinded cross over randomized clinical trial

Evaluation of motility of solid versus hollowed ocular prosthesis. A double blinded cross over randomized clinical trial

Steel strip surface defect detection based on multiscale feature sensing and adaptive feature fusion

A surface defect detection method for hot-rolled steel strips was proposed to address the challenges of detecting small target defects, significant differences in morphology, and unclear defect characteristics. This method is based on multiscale feature perception and adaptive feature fusion. First, based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the steel strip image, redundant background interference is removed using automatic gamma correction and Otsu thresholding. Second, based on the characteristics of surface defects in steel strips, this paper proposes TDB-YOLO (YOLO with a small target detection layer), a Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN), and Double Cross Stage Partial (CSP) Bottleneck with three convolutions (DC3). To detect small object defects, a small target detection layer with a smaller receptive field focuses on fine-grained features, reducing the model’s probability of missed detection. In terms of feature extraction, DC3 enhances the interaction of feature information from different spatial scales, enabling the model to effectively handle features of varying scales. In terms of feature fusion, the BiFPN is used to adaptively fuse deep-level and shallow-level feature information, enhancing the semantic richness of the feature information. Ultimately, the proposed model in this paper achieved an accuracy of 90.3% and a recall rate of 88.0% for surface defects in steel strips. The mean average precision was 90.4%, and the frames per second was 33. The detection performance of this model outperformed those of other detection models, demonstrating its ability to effectively meet the real-time detection requirements of surface defects in industrial scenarios on steel strips.

The selection index of S3 corn convergent breeding population based on multivariate analysis

Abstract. Makmur, Farid M, Ala A, Mandja K, Anshori MF, Fadhilah AN. 2024. The selection index of S3 corn convergent breeding population based on multivariate analysis. Biodiversitas 25: 1097-1103. Corn is one of the most important and strategic food crops in the world, including Indonesia. Increasing corn production through a plant breeding program by assembling hybrid varieties begins with developing a convergent breeding population and index selection. The research aims to identify genetic variance and the effectiveness of selection indices in selecting high-yield S3 cross populations. The research was carried out in Rea Village, Binuang Sub-District, Polewali Mandar District, West Sulawesi from July to November 2022. The research used an augmented design with four blocks. Sixty-six lines were derived from 4 double cross populations and 8 populations of the S3 generation multiple-cross population, as well as 9 check varieties (NK7328, Pioneer 36, Bisi 18, Bisi 2, NK99, Nasa 29, JH45, Bisi 9, and NK212) were used in this study. The results indicate that the length of cobs (5.98;73.59%), length of seed cobs (7.06; 79.46%), weight of 100 seeds (7.75; 89.30%), and weight of seeds per cob (7.84; 65.59%) have moderate genetic variance and high heritability. The characteristics of stem diameter, yield percentage, and weight of seed per cob were effectively used in the selection index formulation. Based on the index selection, there were 14 potential corn lines with a good performance, recommended for the next hybridization stage.

Qingxiangxing Baijiu sensory quality grade classification by 1H NMR and GC combined with multivariate statistical analysis

The traditional uniform artificial sensory evaluation makes it difficult to standardize the classification of different sensory quality grades of Baijiu. In this study, a total of 92 authentic Qingxiangxing Baijiu samples with 3 sensory quality grades were carefully collected. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine 46 main flavor components and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was employed to obtain hydrogen atom characteristic information of organic compounds. The principal component analysis (PCA), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models were conducted and fully validated by internal leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) and external repeated double random cross validation (RDRCV). The sensory quality grades of Qingxiangxing Baijiu were effectively classified by using GC and 1H NMR techniques coupled with PCA/KNN analysis with the averaged accuracy higher than 80%. In addition, synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm was successfully used to address the model overfitting problem caused by an unbalanced sample composition. This study demonstrated that 1H NMR and GC combined with multivariate statistical analysis were effective for sensory quality classification of Qingxiangxing Baijiu.

Classical-trajectory model for ionizing proton-ammonia molecule collisions: the role of multiple ionization

We use an independent electron model with semi-classical approximation to electron dynamics to investigate differential cross sections for electron emission in fast collisions of protons with ammonia molecules. An effective potential model for the electronic orbitals is introduced, and utilized in the context of the classical-trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) approach for single-electron dynamics. Cross sections differential in electron emission angle and energy are compared with experimental data. Compared to previous scattering-theory based quantum-mechanical results the time-dependent semi-classical CTMC approach provides results of similar quality for intermediate and high ionized electron energies. We find some discrepancies in the total cross sections for q-fold ionization between the present model and independent-atom-model calculations. The double ionization cross sections are considerably larger than recent experimental data which are derived from coincidence counting of charged fragments. The calculated triple ionization cross sections exceed the experimental coincidence data for q = 3 by several orders of magnitude at intermediate energies.

Night construction site detection based on ghost-YOLOX

Existing target detection algorithms, when applied to night-time site monitoring, are limited by site hardware conditions, lighting conditions, fuzzy and small targets to be detected, etc., which makes it difficult to achieve good detection results. In this paper, we propose the Ghost-YOLOX algorithm for night-time site monitoring using YOLOX-X as a baseline model. In order to reduce the number of model parameters and improve the detection speed, the algorithm is based on the Ghost convolution and SimAM self-attention modules build the Sim-Ghost residual module according to the gradient path design strategy, and uses it to reconstruct the backbone and neck networks; In order to improve the detection ability of the network for fuzzy targets and small targets, based on Involution, a Cross Involution Attention (CIA) module is constructed by double cross convolution, and added to the neck network to enable the network to obtain more efficient channel and spatial attention. The experimental results show that compared with the original YOLOX-X algorithm, the Ghost-YOLOX algorithm reduces the number of parameters to 16.7% of the original model, and the detection speed increases by 2.3 times, at the same time, the average accuracy of the model has increased by 2.55%.

Effects of Dark Chocolate and Milk Chocolate consumption on Sub foveal Choroidal Thickness in healthy young subject: A Randomized double-blind Cross over Study

Abstract
 Introduction & Objectives : Dark Chocolate consumption was known to effect blood flow and to date there is little information about this effect to human eye. We aim to compare the effect of consuming dark chocolate (DC) and milk chocolate (MC) on sub foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and blood pressure (BP) in healthy young subject
 Methods : A randomized double blind cross over study was used. We randomly assigned subjects into two group. First group consumed DC and then MC at least 72 hours later and the second group consumed MC and then DC. BP and SFCT was measured at baseline, 30 minutes and 2 hours after consumption for each group
 Results : Data from two group (Group A; 40 eye/20 subject, age 26 -36 years and group B; 40 eye/20 subject, age 27 -34 years) were collected. There was an increase on SFCT at 30 minutes (DC 11.05 ± 13.720 μm, p>0.01; MC 4.40 ± 8.040 μm, p>0.01) and 2 hours (DC 23.45 ± 11.581 μm, p>0.01; MC 9.92 ± 11.288 μm, p>0.01) after consumption compare to baseline. There were no changes found on BP and there was no correlation found between BP and SFCT changes
 Conclusion : This study found that there was a significant increase in SFCT especially in DC consumption in 30 minute and 2 hours after consumption. There were no changes in BP and No correlation was found between BP and SFCT changes