Double Gear Research Articles

An Automated X-Ray Diffractometer for Detection and Identification of Minor Phases

In the preceding volume in this series, we described a stepping motor automation package for XRD data acquisition, based on the Apple microcomputer with an interface card that produces the stepping motor pulses and counts X-ray pulses from the normal X-ray detector and amplifier. We are presently using the system to automate a General Electric XRD-5 diffractometer mechanism, by replacing the original synchronous motor with the stepping motor, and installing 10:1 reduction gear instead of the chain drive to drive the double worm gears. This gives 2500 steps of the motor per degree two theta. Motor pulses are counted by a small machine language routine which also handles accelerating the mechanism when slewing over long angular ranges.

Principle of mechanical automatic control of drilling parameters applied to machines for sinking boreholes

1. A double differential gear linked to the cutting head effects autocontrol of the drilling process in either rotary or rotary-percussive machines, and ensures withdrawal of the bit when jammed. 2. A machine with rotary action and autocontrol in terms of the drilling velocity, feed force, and torque on the bit, intended for drilling deep boreholes, can be constructed by using a mechanical differential gear connected to the cutting heads. 3. In rotary-percussive machines intended for drilling deep boreholes, the mechanical differential link between the machine and its striker unit must be replaced by a hydraulic or pneumatic force transmission, following the principles set out in the system of Fig. 1. When the operation of the striker unit is not controlled, the mechanism can conveniently be based on the first or second variant with an independently-operating pneumatic or hydraulic striker. In this case autocontrol will be of the drilling speed, feed thrust, and torque on the bit only. 4. The advantage of a differential gear connected to the cutting head of a drill is that it enables the motor to work at its rated power in all conditions, thus setting up favorable (uniform) conditions for the instrument's operation.

Month in the Patent Office

Screw propellers arranged in tandem and oppositely rotated are adapted to be varied in pitch by a double sun and planet control of one propeller by an operating gear passing through the hollow propeller shaft whilst the first propeller through a second set of double sun and planet gears adjusts the second propeller. An electric motor 29, or a hydraulic motor, is employed to actuate the shaft 25 carrying at its lower end a bevel wheel 24 which meshes with a bevel wheel 23 on a tubular shaft 20 which passes through the hollow hub and at its forward end carries a spur‐wheel 30. Within this shaft 20 is a second shaft 19 which is fixed at its inner end to the engine casing 21, and at its other end carries a gear wheel 22. These wheels 22 and 30 constitute twin sun wheels and between them is a spider 31 carrying planet wheels 32, 33 of which the wheels 32 which mesh with the fixed sun wheel 22 also coact with an internally toothed ring 34 mounted to rotate as one with the front propeller 11, while the planet wheels 33 which mesh with the adjustable sun wheel 30 also coact with an internally toothed ring 35 which is freely mounted on the propeller and which by reason of the outer ring of teeth 36 and the pinions 37 provide for the actuation of the shaft 38 whereby the pitch of the blades is adjusted. The shaft 38 is continued to carry a pinion 41 which meshes with the second pinion 42 freely mounted on the hub and continued to drive a similar double sun and planet wheel layout which in turn actuates the adjusting shaft 52 of the second propeller 12. The arrangement for actuating the pitch adjusting gear is also utilized to actuate a pitch indicator and for this purpose the spindle 25 carries an extension which through suitable gearing is conveyed to the indicator. Specification 398,993 is referred to.