Double Fit Research Articles

Double FIT hybridization probes - towards enhancing brightness, turn-on and specificity of RNA detection.

Efficient fluorogenic hybridization probes combine high brightness and specificity of fluorescence signaling with large turn-on of fluorescence. Herein, we present an approach to enhance signaling by combining two identical fluorescence base surrogates in FIT2 probes. Provided there is a suitable positioning of dyes, target-bound FIT2 probes emit brighter than mono dye probes, while dye-dye contact in the single stranded state provides opportunities for decreasing background fluorescence. The probes were used to explore the single nucleotide-specific detection of a C → U edited RNA of the glycine receptor (GlyR). We observed strong self-quenching upon single base mismatched hybridization of FIT2 probes, which helped in distinguishing edited from unedited RNA target in cell lysates.

An Experimental Study of Trace Element Partitioning between Peridotite Minerals and Alkaline Basaltic Melts at 1250°C and 1 GPa: Crystal and Melt Composition Impacts on Partition Coefficients

Abstract Peridotite–magma interaction is important in establishing magma pathways through the mantle and in metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle. Reactions that consume orthopyroxene and produce olivine and clinopyroxene are of particular interest because these reactions should lead to a redistribution of trace elements between the solid and melt phases at equilibrium. This study examines interaction of a silica-undersaturated alkaline basalt (basanite) with a range of peridotite compositions from dunite, through harzburgite to wehrlite at 1250°C and 1 GPa. Our experiments used the natural concentration of trace elements in the starting materials which allowed us to measure mineral—olivine partition coefficients for Rb, Ca, Co, Sr, Sc, Ct, Y, Ti, V and Zr. For orthopyroxene—and clinopyroxene—melt we additionally measured partitioning of Cs, Ba, all rare earth elements (REE; except Pm), Hf, Th, U, Nb and Ta. We show that there are subtle variations in the partition coefficients, particularly of the REEs that are related to the bulk composition of the system. We also show that with the exception of cations that can have multiple valence states, e.g. vanadium, the lattice strain model and in particular the double fit routine gives excellent agreement between the calculated and experimentally determined partition coefficients. The double fit model allows us to examine the effect of mineral composition on partitioning such that we can show preference of trace elements for the M1 and M2 sites in the pyroxenes. Although our results are similar to those of previous studies, there are two main differences: first we have a complete set of partition coefficients for every trace element that is measurable by LA-ICPMS in our starting material, where previous studies may be missing one or more elements in particular one or more of the middle REE in the pyroxenes Second, we show that although partition coefficients for trace elements in orthopyroxene are comparable between this and previous studies, the REE in clinopyroxene are typically a factor of 2–3 lower in this study. We also note that are correlations between partition coefficient and the composition of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and glass (melt). The relation of partitioning to melt composition suggests that some further development of the lattice strain model is needed. Finally, we show that there is agreement between our measured partition coefficients and those predicted from parameterized models of clinopyroxene–melt partitioning, however, there are unresolved differences that may result from differences in the substitution mechanisms of trace elements in M1 vs. M2 sites in clinopyroxene that are in part related to the composition of the coexisting melt.

Heterogeneity consequences on the mechanical and microstructural evolution of an AlSi11Cu alloy obtained by selective laser melting

An AlSi11Cu alloy was obtained by additive manufacturing (AM) using powder bed fusion by selective laser melting (SLM) from powders with a mean particle size of 40 μm. The printed alloy presented abnormal melting pools (MPs) sizes distribution described by a double fit of a normal logarithmic function that allowed the identification of two groups of melting pools with mean values of 150 μm and 320 μm. The mechanical properties indicated yield strengths between 370 MPa and 390 MPa, depending on the measurement direction. The radial direction showed the best strength and ductility while the transverse direction the worst behavior. Digital image correlation (DIC) analyzes demonstrated multiple strain concentration points in the tensile specimens and more significant strain acceleration for the longitudinal than the radial direction. The alloy's microstructure indicated the formation of columnar grains surrounded by small equiaxed grains describing an abnormal grain growth behavior. The material texture indicated a preferential orientation towards 〈001〉 ‖ to the building direction (BD), with the Cube and Goss texture components as the most intense. The abnormal behavior in the melting pools and the grain size allowed to observe that the largest grain growths were localized in the wider and deeper melting pools. The grain size abnormality and the preferred texture was also reflected in geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) density. The highest GNDs were found in the largest columnar grains, preferably oriented towards the <001> direction, while the lowest densities were grouped in the smaller equiaxed grains with random orientation. The radial direction's better mechanical response was due to higher numbers of plastic gradients' formation than in the longitudinal direction and the perpendicular orientation of the melting pools concerning the load direction. Therefore, radial oriented material fracture throughout the melting pools instead of the melting pool boundaries.

Curing kinetic of self-promoted alicyclic-based bisphthalonitrile monomer

Self-promoted alicyclic-based phthalonitrile possesses outstanding properties, which would be determined by the special free radical curing mechanism and curing process. Thus, the curing kinetic of alicyclic-based phthalonitrile was studied and the curing kinetic parameters were determined by DSC at various heating rates. Double fit peaks were used to analyze the reaction processes. The autocatalytic model based on Šesták–Berggren model of DAIM-PN was confirmed. Moreover, the predicated models of DAIM-PN could fit well with the experimental values.

DOUBLE FIT: Optimization procedure applied to lattice strain model

Modeling trace element partition coefficients using the lattice strain model is a powerful tool for understanding the effects of P-T conditions and mineral and melt compositions on partition coefficients, thus significantly advancing the geochemical studies of trace element distributions in nature. In this model, partition coefficients describe the strain caused by a volume change upon cation substitution in the crystal lattice. In some mantle minerals, divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent trace element cations are mainly substituted in one specific site. Lattice strain model parameters, for instance in olivine and plagioclase, are thus fit for one crystal site. However, trace element cations can be substituted in two sites in the cases of pyroxenes, garnets, amphiboles, micas, or epidote-group minerals.To thoroughly study element partitioning in those minerals, one must consider the lattice strain parameters of the two sites. In this paper, we present a user-friendly executable program, working on PC, Linux, and Macintosh, to fit a lattice strain model by an error-weighted differential-evolution-constrained algorithm (Storn, R., and Price, K. 1997. Differential evolution - A simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces. Journal of Global Optimization 11, 341–359). This optimization procedure is called DOUBLE FIT and is available for download on http://celiadalou.wixsite.com/website/double-fit-program. DOUBLE FIT generates single or double parabolas fitting experimentally determined trace element partition coefficients using a very limited amount of data (at minimum six experimental data points) and accounting for data uncertainties. It is the fastest calculation available to obtain the best-fit lattice strain parameters while accounting for the elastic response of two different sites to trace element substitution in various minerals.

Development and testing of an instrument to determine Musical Fit in audio–visual advertising

Over the past three decades, several studies have explored the concept of Musical Fit in audio–visual advertising. However, a central problem is the inconsistency of the results derived from these studies. The current level of knowledge does not make it possible to safely predict whether and how Musical Fit influences recipients’ attention, brand and product recall, and positive attitudes toward commercials, including purchase intentions. One origin of this problem is the lack of a coherent definition and operationalization of Musical Fit. Therefore, this article describes the development of a transparent and applicable instrument to identify and determine Musical Fit in audio–visual advertising. Starting from music’s function of transporting and inducing emotions and its ability to communicate referential meaning, we designed a classification system for relating music to the three most important reference points of a commercial: the narration, the product, and/or the target group. Accordingly, Single, Double, and Perfect Musical Fit can be distinguished and classified into different types. To test whether the developed instrument is applicable in practice, we conducted a quantitative content analysis of 594 German TV commercials. After two pilot tests, the inter-coder reliability of two different coders improved to an average of .80, providing an indication of the instrument’s practicability. Surprisingly, the most common Musical Fit types were a Single Fit to Narration (50%), a matching largely unaddressed in studies to date, a Double Fit to Narration and Product (21%), and a Perfect Fit (15%), the type that is most difficult to create.

Neutrino cross-section in ultrahigh energy regime using double asymptotic limit of QCD

Studies on neutrino–nucleon (\({\nu }N\)) cross-sections have regained interest due to increasing importance of precision measurements, as they are needed as an ingredient in all neutrino experiments. In this work, we use the QCD-inspired double asymptotic limit fit of electron–proton structure function \(F_{2}^{ep}\) to low-\( x \) HERA data, to calculate \(\nu \) N cross-section for charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) neutrino interactions in ultrahigh energy (UHE) neutrino energy (\(E_{\nu }\)) regime (\(10^{9}\, \mathrm {GeV} \le E_{\nu } \le 10^{12}\, \mathrm {GeV} \)). The form \(F_{2}^{ep} \sim x^{-\lambda (Q^{2})}\), used in our analysis, can be conjectured like a dynamic pomeron (DP)-type behaviour. We also find an analytic form of the total cross-sections, \(\sigma _{\mathrm {CC}}^{\nu N}\) and \(\sigma _{\mathrm {NC}}^{\nu N}\), which appear to be of Reggeon exchange type. We also do a comparative analysis of our results with those available in literature. Future measurements will support / confront our predictions.

Is double fit a sufficient condition for SHRM success?

Purpose– This paper aims to discuss the association between human resource management and performance from a process perspective, differentiating intended and implemented vertical and horizontal fit. Although researchers have examined deeply the relationship between these constructs, extant literature demonstrates inconclusive results. Previous studies have stressed the strategic importance of vertical and horizontal fit from a prescriptive view. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding, focused on management processes, is needed.Design/methodology/approach– This paper reviews and integrates two streams of strategic human resources management (SHRM) literature: the fit perspective, drawing on Martín-Alcázaret al.’s (2005) model, and the system strength approach, proposed by Bowen and Ostroff (2004).Findings– The conceptual analysis developed in this paper concludes that HRM system strength mediates the effects of an aligned strategy on performance. In this sense, the paper argues that success in implementation of the HRM strategy depends on employees’ perceptions about the system of policies and practices through which it is carried out. Additionally, organizational communication is considered as the mechanism to create a shared HRM meaning to translate to employees.Practical implications– Drawing on the theoretical discussions in the paper, the following implications for HRM practice are identified: the usefulness of the system strength construct as a tool to measure employees’ perceptions and anticipate potential problems at the implementation stage, the importance of organizational communication mechanisms, the relevance of formal and informal connections between HR managers and top executives and the need for specific training to promote HR managers’ communicational skills.Originality/value– This study examines the relationship between HRM and organizational performance by presenting a new model that integrates HRM strategy formulation and implementation, proposes employee perceptions concerning HRM are mediators of HRM strategy and firm performance, highlights the role of organizational communication in creating and managing shared HR messages and introduces system strength as an instrument to assess vertical and horizontal fit during implementation.

Deepening the consequences of double fit for organisational performance

Purpose– This paper aims to go a step further in the analysis of double fit in the human resource management (HRM) strategy context, exploring how its effect on performance is influenced by employees’ perceptions about the HRM strategy. Traditionally, the literature has considered the need for a double fit (horizontal and vertical) in the design of HRM strategies. However, as recent critical reviews have argued, a deeper theoretical analysis seems to be needed to understand fully how they affect organisational performance, and why firms with similar levels of alignment have different human resource outcomes.Design/methodology/approach– Based on the literature review, the paper proposes a new theoretical model combining two fields of the strategic HRM literature which had been traditionally disconnected: the double fit approach and the literature on employee satisfaction and involvement. The design of the HRM strategy is reviewed considering the classical distinction between universalistic, contingent, contextual and configurational perspectives.Findings– The findings of this paper provide an alternative model to examine the double fit in the HRM strategy context.Originality/value– Drawing on these approaches, the paper proposes the introduction of the “system strength” construct, which measures the perceived robustness of the HRM system, as a moderator of the effects of double fit on organisational performance.

Dielectrons in d+Au collisions measured by PHENIX and its implications on heavy flavor

Abstract The PHENIX experiment at RHIC collected a large data set of d + Au collisions in 2008, reaching to high mass ( m e + e − 14 GeV / c 2 ) and high transverse momentum ( p T 8 GeV / c ). The large range in mass and p T covers the phase space dominated by heavy flavor and so can be used to extract the heavy flavor cross-section. In this proceedings, we present the d + Au dielectron mass spectrum studied as a function of p T and also discuss the impact of using pythia or mc@nlo generators on the cross-section extraction of heavy flavor. The procedure utilizes a double differential fit done in m e + e − and p T space, thus providing sensitivity to the regions where either charm or bottom dominates.

El papel moderador de la percepción del sistema de dirección de recursos humanos y su influencia en los resultados organizativos

Strategic human resource management (SHRM) emerged as a discipline focused on the strategic contribution of employees to the success of the organisation. Despite its theoretical diversity, a broad-based consensus has been reached regarding the need for considering two criteria in the design of HR strategies: vertical and horizontal fit. Nevertheless, as different studies have argued, there are some implications of the double fit that still need to be addressed, especially on why firms with similar levels of consistency show different human resource outcomes. In trying to advance this line of research, the objective of this paper is to analyse theoretically the extent to which the implementation of well-designed strategies can fail because of employee perceptions about the human resource management system. The majority of the practices that build this system seek to influence organisational performance by affecting employee motivation, attitudes, and behaviours, so they are highly dependent on how employees interpret the signals sent from the human resource management department.

A theoretical model about the double strategic fit of the HRM strategy: Employees’ perceptions as connector between formulated and implemented HR practices

Objeto: Partiendo de los resultados inconsistentes que la literatura ha mostrado acerca de la relacion entre el rendimiento organizativo y la direccion de recursos humanos, este estudio discute la asociacion entre ambas variables desde una perspectiva de proceso. Para ello, diferenciaremos entre el doble ajuste definido (vertical y horizontal) y el realmente alcanzado en la etapa de implantacion de las practicas. Diseno/metodologia: La investigacion presenta una revision teorica de varios campos de la literatura en materia de direccion de recursos humanos (perspectiva del doble ajuste y la fortaleza del sistema de gestion). Aportaciones y resultados: el articulo concluye con la propuesta de un modelo teorico alternativo que explica la relacion entre la funcion de recursos humanos y en desempeno organizativo, introduciendo las percepciones de los empleados acerca del sistema de gestion como variable mediadora. Implicaciones practicas: Las conclusiones apuntan a la importancia de la comunicacion organizativa en los procesos de RRHH, el papel del responsable de recursos humanos y el uso de la fortaleza del sistema de gestion como una herramienta de evaluacion del ajuste de la estrategia implantada. Valor anadido: Este estudio contribuye a explicar los efectos de la estrategia de recursos humanos sobre los resultados organizativos poniendo enfasis en tres aspectos: (1) la consideracion las percepciones de los trabajadores acerca del sistema de gestion de recursos humanos como una variable mediadora entre las estrategias de recursos humanos y el rendimiento, (2) la integracion en un mismo estudio de las fases de formulacion e implantacion de la estrategia de recursos humanos y, (3) la introduccion del constructo fortaleza del sistema de gestion de recursos humanos como una herramienta de valoracion del ajuste vertical y horizontal en la fase de implantacion.

Characterization of DON and DON-3-β-D-glucopyranoside through accurate mass measurement by quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

This work reports the characterization of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its plant detoxification phase II conjugate, deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside (DON-3-β-D-Glc) through high resolution and accurate mass measurement technique. That was carried out by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ULPC-Q-oa-TOF/MS) with electrospray at positive and negative modes for unequivocal identification. Elemental composition along with calculated mass, mass deviation, double bond equivalent and isotope fit value were used for identification and confirmation of the compounds, apart from retention time. The best instrumental conditions for both compounds ionization were optimized. Their characteristic spectra (molecular, adducts, isotopes and other ions) were identified. The following abundant isotope ions detected for DON and DON-3-β-D-Glc at positive mode were: 297.1338 m/z [DON + H]+ and 297.1338 and 459.1866 m/z [DON+H and DON-3-β-D-Glc]+, respectively. At negative mode they were: 341.1236 m/z [DON-HCOOH]− and 503.1765 m/z [DON-3-β-D-Glc-HCOOH]−, both formate adducts. The chromatographic run was as short as 4.0 minutes. In terms of selectivity, the ULPC-Q-oa-TOF/MS showed outstanding performance with the possibility of identification of additional unknown, non-targeted compounds, utilizing MetaboLynx software for oats extract.

Una aproximación teórica a la valoración del doble ajuste en el diseño de la estrategia de recursos humanos

Traditionally, literature has considered the need of the double fit, vertical and horizontal fit, of the human resource strategy in organizations. Its strategic importance has been empirically demonstrated in different studies, however, the complexity of this process demands deeper theoretical analysis, which allows us to identify those elements that make the double fit possible. In this study, drawing on the main human resource management perspectives and the “system strength” concept proposed by Bowen and Ostroff (2004), we discuss the three main features that define this concept and its relationship with the human resource system fit. As a consequence of our analysis, we establish three theoretical propositions that explain the link between the double fit and the system strength concept.

Correcting AVHRR Long Term Data Record V3 estimated LST from orbital drift effects

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) satellite series is known to suffer from what is known as the orbital drift effect. The Long Term Data Record (LTDR [Pedelty et al., 2007]), which provides AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data from these satellites for the 80s and the 90s, is also affected by this orbital drift. To correct this effect on Land Surface Temperature (LST) time series, a novel method is presented here, which consists in adjusting retrieved LST time series on the basis of statistical information extracted from the time series themselves. This method is as simple and straightforward as possible, in order to be implemented easily for such a large dataset as the LTDR. The correction is applied on a pixel by pixel basis, and relies on a 2nd order polynomial fit of per satellite solar zenithal angle (SZA) anomalies against time. If the pixel time series is identified as contaminated by the orbital drift for any of the different satellite active periods, LST anomalies are fitted linearly against both time and the 2nd order polynomial fit of SZA anomalies. This double fit allows for the removal of orbital drift influence without removing eventual trends in the signal, which is of utmost importance for vegetation change detection. When applied to simulated LST time series, this method shows errors comparable to the errors associated to LST estimation for most cases. When applied to LTDR LST time series, the approach normalizes the distribution of LST values at the beginning and end of each satellite activity period, and visual inspection of the time series does not show any residual orbital drift in the corrected LST time series. The approach also improves the significance of retrieved trends through the whole time span of the LTDR dataset. The application of this method to the whole LTDR dataset could lead to the compilation of the first coherent global dataset of land surface temperature.

Quality Control and Tilt Correction Effects on the Turbulent Fluxes Observed at an Ocean Platform

AbstractThis study investigates atmospheric factors influencing the quality and the postprocessing (e.g., tilt correction) of fast-response measurements of turbulent fluxes for difficult open-sea measurements over an offshore platform. The data were collected at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station over the Yellow Sea during the period from 5 November 2007 to 19 February 2008. The quality control removal of the data generally depends on wind speed, relative humidity, significant wave height, visibility, and stability. The removal of substantial water vapor data with weak-wind stable conditions is investigated. Three different tilt correction algorithms (double rotation, triple rotation, and planar fit) are applied to correct the data because of inadvertent tilt of sonic anemometers. The choice of tilt correction method significantly influences the angle between the wind and stress direction.

Effects of Spectro-Temporal Asynchrony in Auditory and Auditory-Visual Speech Processing

Throughout his career, Ira Hirsh studied and published articles and books pertaining to many aspects of the auditory system. These included sound conduction in the ear, cochlear mechanics, masking, auditory localization, psychoacoustic behavior in animals, speech perception, medical and audiological applications, coupling between psychophysics and physiology, and ecological acoustics. However, it is Hirsh’s work on auditory timing of simple and complex rhythmic patterns, the backbone of speech and music that are at the heart of his more recent work. In this paper, we report on several aspects of temporal processing of speech signals, both within and across sensory systems. Data are presented on perceived simultaneity and intelligibility of auditory and auditory-visual speech stimuli where stimulus components are presented either synchronously or asynchronously. Differences in the symmetry and shape of temporal windows derived from these data sets are highlighted. Results show two distinct ranges for temporal integration for speech processing; one relatively short window, about 40 ms, and the other much longer, around 250 ms. In the case of auditory-visual speech processing, the temporal window is highly asymmetric, strongly favoring conditions where the visual stimulus precedes the acoustic stimulus. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1) To show the connection between Hirsh’s work on the perception of temporal-order and recent work on the processing of asynchronous speech both cross-spectrally and cross- modally. 2) To compare and contrast the effects of temporal misalignment in auditory-alone and auditory-visual speech processing. Submitted to Seminars in Hearing 25 Effects of Spectro-Temporal Asynchrony on Speech Processing (Grant et al.) KEY WORDS Ira J. Hirsh, Temporal Order, Spectro-Temporal Integration, Temporal Speech Processing ABBREVIATIONS ms milliseconds CV Consonant-Vowel stimuli AxVy Incongruent auditory-visual speech tokens where the subjects hears the speech token x and simultaneously sees the speech token y. TWI Temporal Window of Integration ADS an Asymmetric Double Sigmoidal curve fit through the data. CEU QUESTIONS 1) What was the area of Hirsh’s research that occupied his primary interest in the latter part of his career? A) Measurement of hearing B) Sound reproduction C) Auditory physiology D) Temporal processing of simple and complex sounds E) Animal psychophysics Submitted to Seminars in Hearing 26 Effects of Spectro-Temporal Asynchrony on Speech Processing (Grant et al.) 2) The temporal window of integration for auditory-visual speech stimuli when the visual stimulus leads the acoustic stimulus is roughly A) 500 ms B) 250 ms C) 20 ms D) 40 ms E) 100 ms 3) For auditory-visual McGurk stimuli, as the acoustic and visual signals become more and more “out of sync” the perceived stimulus is dominated by the A) Visual stimulus B) Acoustic stimulus C) A noise-like stimulus that is part acoustic, part visual D) There is no dominant response once the auditory and visual signals are “out of sync” E) The subject’s response depends on their auditory and visual acuity 4) Spectro-temporal integration windows for auditory-only speech recognition are A) Symmetrical and long (about 250 ms) B) Symmetrical and short (about 40 ms) C) Asymmetrical and long (about 250 ms) D) Asymmetrical and short (about 40 ms) E) Symmetrical, but the length varies between 100-200 ms depending on the subject. Submitted to Seminars in Hearing 27 Effects of Spectro-Temporal Asynchrony on Speech Processing (Grant et al.) 5) The magnitude and shape of the temporal window of integration for auditory-visual speech A) Depends on whether the audio or visual signal is leading B) Is asymmetrical with a broad plateau region for visual leading conditions C) Is about 40 ms when the audio signal leads the visual signal and about 250 ms when the visual signal leads the audio signal D) Is similar for both speech identification and synchrony detection

Combined use of complete lineshape analysis of 1D spectra subjected to reference deconvolution and linear prediction, 2D-EXSY spectra and a double fitting method for the study of chemical exchange. Application to an eight-site exchange system

Obtaining unknown NMR parameters from experimental spectra of exchanging systems is, from a mathematical point of view, associated with the solution of an inverse problem. Inverse problems are usually solved by iterative procedures and calculations may not always converge and the solutions are rarely unique. To attain reliable rate constants we adopted the following experimental–computational scheme: acquirement of perfect NMR lineshapes for complete lineshape analysis (CLSA) by elimination of undesirable effects due to magnetic field inhomogeneity through reference deconvolution and linear prediction; the combined use of 2D exchange spectroscopy (2D-EXSY) and 1D CLSA for the determination of the rotation rate constants; and application of the double fit method, which is based on the knowledge that the exchange parameters depend on thermally activated processes. In this paper, we demonstrate the advantages of this combined approach for the determination of precise and unique sets of rate constants and activation parameters. We applied this scheme to study hindered rotations in α-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-β-oxophenylacetonitrile. This compound is an example of exchange between eight potential sites. Activation parameters of the eight rotations in that molecule were calculated and are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.