Double Dutch Research Articles

Double Dutch: Illumina/GRAIL, Article 22 and the General Court

This article explores the jurisdictional issues underlying the decision of the European Commission to review Illumina’s acquisition of GRAIL. It marked the first the time the Commission investigated an acquisition where the target had no activities in the EU; nor indeed any nexus to any individual Member State. The decision to review a concentration where the target had no EU revenues was premised on a re-interpretation of Article 22(1) of the EU Merger Regulation, which allows Member States to request the Commission to examine a concentration. This interpretation is intended to expand the jurisdictional reach of the regulation to capture transactions involving companies with low turnover, but high competitive potential in the internal market, in cases where neither EU nor any Member State merger control thresholds are met. The General Court upheld the Commission’s position on Article 22 jurisdiction, but the judgment is on appeal to the Court of Justice. This article argues that the Court should overturn the earlier ruling on the basis that the GC was mistaken in its approach to Article 22, in view of its history and purpose. It also considers that flaws in the conduct of the procedure which deprived the merging parties of due process warranted an annulment of the decision to open an investigation. Moreover, this article calls out the incompatibility of the Commission’s application of Article 22 in Illumina/GRAIL with international law concepts of comity, fairness and sovereignty.

We BEEN Knowin: Black Women teachers (re)member that our language is a living legacy

ABSTRACT This paper explores how Black Women K-12 Teachers (BWTs) engage with Black Language, challenging prevailing narratives. Despite limited recognition, BWTs advocate for the authenticity of Black Language. The research centres on the 16-week Black Language Learning Series (BLLS), delving into the roots, rules, and ramifications of Black Language. Drawing from Black Feminist Thought (Collins 2000) and (Re)remembering praxis (C. B. Dillard 2016), the study employs the Double Dutch Methodology (Green 2014) to capture BWTs’ diverse experiences. Two pivotal themes emerge: Linguistic Push-Pull (Smitherman 2000) while (re)searching, highlighting the struggle to balance native Black Language with standardised English; and (re)presenting while (re)claiming Black Language through African American Women’s Language (AAWL). Thus, through the process of (re)membering, BWTs navigate cognitive dissonance, challenging harmful norms, resulting in greater awareness and a shift in perceptions of Black language, identity, and culture. The findings illuminate how exploring Black Language transforms BWTs’ self-perception and pedagogies, leading to a complex interplay of liberation and linguistic transformation. Ultimately, BWTs begin and emerge as agents of linguistic justice, poised to reshape education by centring Black language.

Numeral-based English and Arabic Formulaic Expressions: Cultural, Linguistic and Translation Issues

This study explores the similarities and differences between English and Arabic numeral-based formulaic expressions, and difficulties that student-translators have with them. A corpus of English and Arabic numeral-based formulaic expressions containing zero, two, three, twenty, sixty, hundred, thousand…etc., and another corpus of specialized expressions with numerical prefixes (mono-, bi-, milli-, kilo-, mega-) were collected, analyzed and compared. It was found that English and Arabic numeral-based formulaic expressions fall into 4 categories:: (i) those that are identical in form and meaning in both languages (seventh heaven, four eyes, fifth column); (ii) those that are similar in meaning but differ in wording (cats have nine lives, high five, cloud nine); (iii) those that exist in English, but have no equivalents in Arabic; and (iv) those that exist in Arabic but have no equivalents in English. Specialized expressions containing numerals or numerical prefixes used in business, sports, science, politics and others are exact translations in both languages (five-power agreement, five percent rule, five tigers, tripartite alliance, fifth wheel replace). Student-translators could translate fewer than 25% of the test items correctly and left many blank. Numeral-based formulaic expressions similar in both languages were easy to translate, whereas opaque ones (at sixes and sevens, double Dutch, strap); culture-specific ones (Pentateuch, Millennialism, ثوبٌ سُبَاعِيّ، الثنائي الشيعي، ألف صحة، صحتين وعافية، مرحبتين، رباعيات الخيام، ستين داهية،, and those that require a specialized background knowledge (five C's, the big five, five pillars of the UN, three-name paper) were difficult. Literal translation was the most common translation strategy. Detailed results and recommendations are given.

Double Dutch: The Boate Brothers and Colonial Cosmography

The article focuses on two Dutch doctors – the Boate brothers, Arnold (1606-1653) and Gerard (1604-1650) – medical graduates of Leiden University who moved to London in 1630 to work as practising physicians. The brothers contributed to diverse forms of knowledge as part of the new science, including agriculture, anatomy, entomology, geography, industrial history, medicine, metallurgy, mineralogy and theology, but are known primarily for Gerard’s posthumously published ground-breaking book, Irelands Naturall History (1652) for which Arnold did the spadework. The Boates collaborated on some of the most important intellectual enterprises of the seventeenth century, and worked alongside the leading intellectuals of the period, including innovative Irish thinkers James Ussher and Robert Boyle, and Samuel Hartlib, mainspring of a major knowledge network. The Boates’ activities in Leiden, London, Dublin and Paris furnish a prototype for interdisciplinary engagement. The brothers were key members of multiple interlocking extra-institutional groupings. Active as part of a Baconian Office of Address and engaged both in the Hartlib Circle and the more shadowy Invisible College, they laboured in the seedbed of what would later become the Royal Society and the Dublin Philosophical Society. Irelands Naturall History is a model of the regional history that Francis Bacon saw as a vital branch of cosmography.

Fly by Brittany J. Thurman

Reviewed by: Fly by Brittany J. Thurman Kate Quealy-Gainer, Editor Thurman, Brittany J. Fly; illus. by Anna Cunha. Dlouhy/Atheneum, 2022 [40p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781534454873 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781534454880 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R 5-8 yrs When little Africa tells her family she's going to compete in this weekend's double Dutch contest, they point out the obvious: she's never double Dutched before and she certainly can't learn in just a few days. No matter, Africa grabs a jump rope of her own and consults a book, but it's soon clear that she's going to need more help than the text can offer. Her friend Bianca can't double Dutch, but she can dance; pal Omar doesn't know the ropes, but he can step; Kay and Laura don't jump either, but they can play a mean round of Miss Mary Mack; and Whitney isn't sure what double Dutch is, but she can cartwheel and backflip like an acrobat. After getting a lesson from each friend, Africa puts everything together in one impressive showing at the competition, "moving her shoes in fast-forward, letting her feet forget the [End Page 167] ground, flying like the birds in the sky." The rhythmic staccato of the text stays in a steady pattern through Africa's training until it bursts forth with energy when she makes her triumphant double Dutch debut. The digital art has the solidity and thick textures of oil pastels, and while facial expressions are somewhat flat, bodies are posed in constant movement, with bubble-gum pinks, sunny tangerines, and minty greens bringing additional verve. This makes a useful examination of how a skill is often the sum of different parts, and it's also a joyful celebration of collaboration among friends; just be sure to have enough room for everyone to show off their moves after storytime. Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

A late 17th-century “Double Dutch” construction in the North Frisian Wadden Sea: the case of the Hörnum Odde wreck on the island of Sylt, Germany

In October 2016 a previously unknown shipwreck emerged at the southern spit of the island of Sylt as a consequence of an ongoing coastal erosion process. Aside from its double-layered carvel planking, several other features reminiscent of 17th-century Dutch shell-first shipbuilding were observed. With a terminus post quem of 1690, this is the latest “Double Dutch” construction hitherto known, casting doubt on the long-held belief that this peculiar method of construction was a fleeting phenomenon of the early 17th century. Due to tidal currents and erosion, the sea swiftly reclaimed the wreck shortly after the investigation.

Double Dutch Finally Fixed? A Large-Scale Investigation into the Readability of Mandatory Financial Product Information

With the introduction of short-form disclosure documents, financial regulation in the EU emphasizes the use of plain language to facilitate comprehensibility. We evaluate whether these documents and the accompanying plain language guidelines improve the readability of mandatory product information addressed to mutual fund investors. Applying advanced text mining algorithms, we benchmark the readability of product information by means of objective and readily replicable methods. While mutual fund information on average does not come in plain language, we find that readability improved significantly following the introduction of Key Investor Information Documents (KIIDs). Improvements are driven by simpler syntax and writing style. By contrast, the authors find that the use of jargon remains pervasive and report noncompliance with mandatory design requirements. We discuss our results and propose potential disclosure improvements.

Radical imagination and “otherwise possibilities” in qualitative research

This humanscript is an attempt to extend the limits of our qualitative research, theorizing and praxis alongside youth engaged in social justice projects. Research must bend, shift, and transform to the needs and will of communities–especially youth–whose voices in research are often maligned or misrepresented, if heard at all. Imagination and creativity are pathways to “otherwise” possibilities or alternative approaches to qualitative research theories, methodologies, and methods. This article offers three vignettes drawn from research projects with youth of color wherein three key commitments emerge: Double Dutch methodology, desire-based frameworks and projects in humanization, storying and listening. These are commitments to doing qualitative research with youth in more humanizing and creative ways.

Designing Call Auction Institutions to Eliminate Price Bubbles: Is English Dutch the Best?

The bubble-and-burst pattern in asset markets is among the most replicable results in experimental economics. Using controlled laboratory experiments, we compare mispricing in markets organized by standard double auction rules with mispricing in markets organized by two alternative sets of clock auctions. The double Dutch auction, shown to be more efficient than the double auction in past commodity market experiments, does not eliminate bubbles. However, the English Dutch auction yields prices reflective of underlying fundamentals and succeeds in taming bubbles even with inexperienced traders in a declining fundamental value environment with an increasing cash-to-asset ratio. (JEL C91, D44, G12)

Designing Call Auction Institutions to Eliminate Price Bubbles: Is English Dutch the Best?

The bubble and burst pattern in asset market experiments is among the most replicable results in experimental economics. Numerous studies have searched for means to reduce this mispricing. Using controlled laboratory experiments, we compare mispricing in standard double auction markets to prices in two clock auctions. The double Dutch auction, shown to be more efficient than the double auction in commodity market experiments, does not eliminate bubbles. However, the English Dutch auction does yield prices reflective of underlying fundamentals and succeeds in taming bubbles even with inexperienced traders in the common declining fundamental value environment.

Double Dutch Disease - Emigration as a Human Resource Curse on the Sudan

Structural adjustment started in Sudan in 1978 but no real devaluation nor effective liberalisation was achieved. Declining exports and persistent inflation were not solely the result of the Sudan’s lax fiscal policies, distorted markets and structural weaknesses. Sudanese emigration to OPEC countries and the Dutch-disease effect of the emigrants’ hard-currency remittances had a greater impact; one which was reinforced by an inherited service-sector bias to the Sudanese state. These factors rendered powerless the standard prescriptions of devaluation and market liberalisation. An extensive debate over those policies between the IMF, Sudanese economists and others was in fact irrelevant. Even if Government had shown far greater capacity to implement a coherent policy of fiscal and economic reform, the loss of up to two thirds of the skilled labour force and remittances equivalent to 2% of GDP would still have driven the Real Exchange Rate up and productivity in tradeable sectors down. A standard model of booming sector economics is used to develop a theory for this special form of Dutch Disease and the way the effects were compounded by its direct impact on Government. This model may have lessons to teach for other countries which have experienced mass labour emigration.

The Double Dutch technique: A new way of creating an ileocystoplasty with a lengthy catheterizable ileal tube

A tubularized conduit from an open 2-cm vascularized ileal segment is a frequently used technique to create a continent catheterizable channel in cases of an inappropriate or absent appendix. In the long term, many patients experience catheterization problems with the classic ileal segment tube, and even more with spiral or double-segment tubes. The objective of this paper was to introduce an ileocystoplasty modification combined with a long ileal segment tube that has better support by surrounding tissue than other lengthy ileal segment tubes. Briefly summarized, this newly introduced method begins with isolating approximately 30cm of ileum and dividing it into two parts. Two strips are then created and closed as a double-length tube. The ileal segments are opened antimesenterically and closed over the tube in the middle. The lower part of the tube is implanted with a submucosal tunnel in the bladder wall, and the ileal patch is then anastomosed with the bladder. The tube is anastomosed to the umbilicus in an ordinary way without any traction (see Summary Fig.). Between May 2005 and November 2012 the new technique was used at the current institution in nine children who needed an ileocystoplasty (mean age: 9 years and 3 months). Underlying etiology was neurogenic bladder in seven cases and epispadias in two. All patients ultimately had stomas without leakage or strictures. During follow-up, three of nine tubes developed stenoses that were corrected; four stomas in total had some sort of surgical revision. Median follow-up was 93 months. Intermittent catheterization was uncomplicated in all at this time. With this modification of the standard technique it seemed to be possible to create a more stable channel. The blood supply of the tube was secured by completely embedding the mesentery of the tube. Limitations included the small number of patients treated so far. The lengthy tubes appeared to be straight and well supported by the surrounding tissues, which prevented kinking and sacculation. It is hoped that this technique will have better results and fewer complications at long-term follow-up.

Love Double Dutch! by Doreen Spicer-Dannelly

Reviewed by: Love Double Dutch! by Doreen Spicer-Dannelly Quinita Balderson Spicer-Dannelly, DoreenLove Double Dutch! Random House, 2018 [240p] Library ed. ISBN 978-1-5247-0001-0 $19.99 Trade ed. ISBN 978-1-5247-0000-3 $16.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-1-5247-0002-7 $10.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 4-7 Even against stiff Brooklyn competition, thirteen-year-old MaKayla holds the record for speed in double Dutch, and she and her team hope to win the National Jump-Off at Madison Square Garden. Double Dutch has also provided MaKayla with an escape from her parents' fighting, but now divorce seems inevitable and she and younger brother Cameron are sent to live with their aunt and uncle in North Carolina for the summer, which means no double Dutch competition. Much to her surprise, the sport is just as popular in the South and the competition is fierce—prompting her to put together a team comprised of two newbies, who quickly learn the ropes, and her cousin Sally, whose history with a rival team threatens to stand in the way of their success. Having previously written for Disney's Jump In!, author Spicer-Dannelly makes her enthusiasm for double Dutch apparent in her style; flawless descriptions make visualizing signature moves easy and keep readers hooked. The book also satisfyingly sends the main character on a journey of growth and determination as she learns not to be so quick to judge others and to take her mother's advice to "be open to the possibility that people might surprise you." QB Copyright © 2017 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Double Dutch

Double Dutch

Ethiopian Urban Land Lease Policy Analysis Implementation: Case Study on A.A. City Administration

The term land has a very complex concept. It is this reason that some people called it as a double Dutch language. The demand for land stock derives first from the need for agricultural goods and housing, which is essentially a demand for land services. Many well known writers who were live at different times and place had described the importance of land very well. This is why, many countries and governments decide as the land to be as government property. It is this true that the government of Ethiopia publicized the urban land is the state property by declaring through the proclamation of 721/2011 Urban land policy. When we came to its implementation, however, may not as good as it was expected. Such as: setting price, affordability systems, monitoring and controlling mechanisms, etc. So, as a researcher, I want to deal with this situation by comparing the implementation practice and the policy sayings. This study had employed qualitative research design; internet based data collection mechanism; qualitative or word mouth method of analysis. I finally, by this study after all got results like: there are different experiences which are practiced by different countries; there are differences in designing, tenure admitting and holding system, price specification and land and property ,market system, as well as implementations of urban land lease policy among countries; though, there is no one consensus on the government or state ownership on urban land tenure type in the Ethiopian context, perhaps especially in the Addis Ababa Context; it is based on different and very crucial assumptions which have legal, social, and economic rationales in adopting the current Ethiopian Urban land lease policy; etc. standing from these findings, I recommends that: I can say or recommend that the urban land lease policy is the best and likely be pretty policy choices of cities like it what happen to the current situation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In addition to that, I would likely recommend as it is better or pretty good for governments or for countries themselves if and only if they can follow or adopted the land lease policy tenure system than other tenure types, perhaps especially from the private tenure land policy type.

My Double Dutch Girl

My Double Dutch Girl

Growth, quality, and physiological characteristics of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) cut flowers in response to different NO3 −:NH4 + ratios

We investigated the effects of different NO3 −:NH4 + ratios in nutrient solution on the yield and growth of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) cut flowers in soilless culture. Two cultivars of gerbera (red ‘Stanza’ and yellow ‘Double Dutch’) were supplemented with four different NO3 −:NH4 + ratios (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, and 40:60). Replacing 20% nitrate in the nutrient solution with ammonium resulted in the higher number of leaves per plant, highest fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots, greatest number of flowers, highest flower stalk diameter and flower disk diameter, longest vase life, highest fresh and dry weight of inflorescences, and highest relative water contents in petals compared with the control. Decreasing the NO3 −:NH4 + ratio to 60:40 caused a considerable reduction in plant growth and biomass. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activity, increased with increasing proportion of ammonium-to-nitrate in the nutrient solution. The results suggest that a NO3 −:NH4 + ratio of 80:20 should be used for gerbera cut flower production to achieve the highest growth and quality.

Deviations from mirroring in interpersonal multifrequency coordination when visual information is occluded.

In activities such as dancing and sports, people synchronize behaviors in many different ways. Synchronization between people has traditionally been characterized as either perfect mirroring (1:1 in-phase synchronization, spontaneous synchrony, and mimicry) or reflectional mirroring (1:1 antiphase synchronization), but most activities require partners to synchronize more complicated patterns. We asked visually coupled dyads to coordinate finger movements to perform multifrequency ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1). Because these patterns are coordinated across and not just within individual physiological and motor systems, we based our predictions on frequency-locking dynamics, which is a general coordination principle that is not limited to physiological explanations. Twenty dyads performed five multifrequency ratios under three levels of visual coupling, with half using a subcritical visual information update rate. The dynamical principle was supported, such that multifrequency performance tends to abide by the strictures of frequency locking. However, these constraints are relaxed if the visual information rate is beyond the critical information update rate. An analysis of turning points in the oscillatory finger movements suggested that dyads did not rely on this visual information to stabilize coordination. How the laboratory findings align with naturalistic observations of multifrequency performance in actual sports teams (Double Dutch) is discussed. Frequency-locking accounts not only for the human propensity for perfect mirroring but also for variations in performance when dyads deviate from mirroring.

Doppelgänger Dilemmas: Anglo-Dutch Relations in Early Modern English Literature and Culture

Introduction: Double Dutch Chapter 1. Going Dutch in London City Comedy Chapter 2. By Common Language Resembled: Anglo-Dutch Kinship in the Language Debates Chapter 3. Double Dutch Tongues: Language Lessons of the Stage Chapter 4. Dutch Impressions: The Narcissism of Minor Difference in Print Chapter 5. London as Palimpsest: The Anglo-Dutch Royal Exchange Chapter 6. Doppelganger Dilemmas: The Crisis of Anglo-Dutch Interchangeability in the East Indies and the Imperfect Redress of Performance Coda: A View from Antwerp Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

Double Dutch: A Tool for Designing Combinatorial Libraries of Biological Systems.

Recently, semirational approaches that rely on combinatorial assembly of characterized DNA components have been used to engineer biosynthetic pathways. In practice, however, it is not practical to assemble and test millions of pathway variants in order to elucidate how different DNA components affect the behavior of a pathway. To address this challenge, we apply a rigorous mathematical approach known as design of experiments (DOE) that can be used to construct empirical models of system behavior without testing all variants. To support this approach, we have developed a tool named Double Dutch, which uses a formal grammar and heuristic algorithms to automate the process of DOE library design. Compared to designing by hand, Double Dutch enables users to more efficiently and scalably design libraries of pathway variants that can be used in a DOE framework and uniquely provides a means to flexibly balance design considerations of statistical analysis, construction cost, and risk of homologous recombination, thereby demonstrating the utility of automating decision making when faced with complex design trade-offs.