Double Dating Research Articles

Coil Parameter Analysis for Inductively Coupled Wireless Charging for Electric Vehicles

Wireless charging (WC) has gained popularity for the charging of electric vehicles in recent years of research, particularly dynamic wireless charging systems (DWCSs). Among the different topologies of DWCSs, this paper focuses on an inductively coupled wireless charging system (ICWCS). In this ICWCS, double-D (DD) coils create horizontal and vertical flux components between different pad configurations, which show optimal features in contrast to circular pad coils. In this work, the three-dimensional (3D) finite element technique (FEM) is used to establish the proposed design to observe the coupling coefficient, while the system design’s performance is evaluated using a circuit simulator. In the simulation, the proposed DD coil configuration is used for both the transmitter and receiver sides. It provides the maximum coupling coefficient and efficiency at perfect alignment when using an in-between air gap of 166 mm and six I-type ferrite bars on the transmitter side and five I-type ferrite bars on the receiver side. The coupling coefficient and system parameters, such as power and efficiency, are considered for different misalignments in the proposed configuration. The results of this work satisfy the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2954 Class 3 criteria. The best results obtained are on account of optimizing the ferrite core, which is achieved by varying its length and width. While varying the ferrite core’s dimensions, 0.2451, as the optimal k value, is obtained at the effective width and length of 57.5 mm and 400 mm, respectively. The simulation results of the Ansys Maxwell 3D software prove the feasibility of the proposed structure.

The McClure Mountain Syenite Apatite as a Potential Age Control Reference Material for LA‐ICP‐MS AFT and U‐Pb Double Dating

Apatite fission track (AFT) dating is now routinely performed using LA‐ICP‐MS, and U‐Pb age data are often acquired at the same time, allowing double dating of individual grains. Furthermore, additional geochemical data, such as REE mass fractions are readily acquired during the analysis. It is therefore of practical interest to identify a single material as a quality control on ages and composition. Here we present AFT and U‐Pb data for the McClure Mountain Syenite (MMS) apatite, already widely used as an age reference material by the U‐Pb community. We performed double dating on 238 grains, in thirteen measurement sessions over two years. The AFT data show remarkable reproducibility with an overall central age of 254.1 ± 5.1 Ma. The U‐Pb results agree with the reference age for individual sessions (and for all data together). The results show that that the McClure Mountain apatite is a valid quality control material for double dating, allowing the use of the same material for both methods. We also propose to extend the quality control using MMS to trace element measurements performed in conjunction AFT and U‐Pb dating.

Stratigraphic and geochronologic investigation of the Muddy Creek Basin: Implications for the Eocene tectonic evolution of southwest Montana, USA

Sedimentary basins record crustal-scale tectonic processes related to the construction and demise of orogenic belts, making them an invaluable archive for the reconstruction of the evolution of the North American Cordillera. In southwest Montana, USA, the Renova Formation, considered to locally represent the earliest accumulation following Mesozoic−Cenozoic compressional deformation, is widespread but remains poorly dated, and its origin is debated. Herein, we employed detrital zircon U-Pb and (U-Th)/He double dating and sanidine 40Ar/39Ar geochronology in the context of decimeter-scale measured stratigraphic sections in the Renova Formation of the Muddy Creek Basin to determine basin evolution and sediment provenance and place the basin-scale record within a regional context to illuminate the lithospheric processes driving extension and subsidence. The Muddy Creek Basin is an extensional half graben in southwest Montana that is ∼22 km long and ∼7 km wide, with a >800-m-thick sedimentary package. Basin deposition began ca. 49 Ma, as marked by multiple ignimbrites sourced from the Challis volcanic field, which are overlain by a tuffaceous fluvial section. Fluvial strata are capped by a 46.8 Ma Challis ignimbrite constrained by sanidine 40Ar/39Ar dating. An overlying fossiliferous limestone records the first instance of basinal ponding, which was coeval with the cessation of delivery of Challis volcanics−derived sediment into the Green River Basin. We attribute initial ponding to regional drainage reorganization and damning of the paleo−Idaho River due to uplift and doming of the southern Absaroka volcanic province, resulting in its diversion away from the Green River Basin and backfilling of the Lemhi Pass paleovalley. Detrital zircon maximum depositional ages and sanidine 40Ar/39Ar ages show alternating fluvial sandstone and lacustrine mudstone deposition from 46 Ma to 40 Ma in the Muddy Creek Basin. Sediment provenance was dominated by regionally sourced, Challis volcanics−aged and Idaho Batholith−aged grains, while detrital zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) data are dominated by Eocene cooling ages. Basin deposition became fully lacustrine by ca. 40 Ma, based on an increasing frequency of organic-rich mudstone with rare interbedded sandstone. Coarse-grained lithofacies became prominent again starting ca. 37 Ma, coeval with a major shift in sediment provenance due to extension and local footwall unroofing. Detrital zircon U-Pb and corresponding ZHe ages from the upper part of the section are predominantly Paleozoic in age, sourced from the Paleozoic sedimentary strata exposed in the eastern footwall of the Muddy Creek detachment fault. Paleocurrents shift from south- to west-directed trends, supporting the shift to local sources, consistent with initiation of the Muddy Creek detachment fault. Detrital zircon maximum depositional ages from the youngest strata in the basin suggest deposition continuing until at least 36 Ma. These data show that extension in the Muddy Creek Basin, which we attribute to continued lithospheric thermal weakening, initiated ∼10 m.y. later than in the Anaconda and Bitterroot metamorphic core complexes. This points to potentially different drivers of extension in western Montana and fits previously proposed models of a regional southward sweep of extension related to Farallon slab removal.

New design of high-power in-motion inductive charger for low power pulsation

The magnetic coupler is the most vital component for charging EV wirelessly. Through it, the output power can be transported from the transmitter to the receiver by means of electromagnetic fields. Therefore, this manuscript presents a proposed design of a magnetic coupler in the form of Double-D (DD) on both sides, which is suitable for in-motion inductive charging. This charger is capable of transferring power of 200-kW through an airgap of 250 mm with an efficiency of 91.88% and an operating frequency of 85 kHz. Computational modeling is conducted to obtain the magnetic coupler and the compensation parameters of the proposed system. The appropriate dimensions of the coils, magnetic and metallic shielding are obtained by using the finite element model (FEM). The effect of misalignments on the self and mutual inductances of the two coils (Lp, Ls, M), the output power (Po), and the transmission efficiency (η) is studied in case of one and two coils at transmitter side. The output power in the distance between the two transmitter coils (d) is improved by controlling the operating frequency, adding magnetizable concrete (MC), or both together. These techniques have proven effectiveness in improving the output power by 45.15% for small d and 72.51% for large d. In addition, the efficiency improved by 15.95% for small d and 60.76% for large d. Moreover, these improvement cases were compared in terms of size, weight and cost for a 100-m driving track.

C2DD—An omnidirectional receiver based on single‐coil transmitter

AbstractIn this paper, the omnidirectional receiver (Rx) of wireless power transfer (WPT) system is proposed, making any transmitter (Tx) into omnidirectional Tx. The omnidirectional Rx is composed of the quadrature double‐D (DD) coils and circular coil in series (C2DD). The C2DD Rx can utilize the toroidal magnetic field (TMF) and the linear magnetic field (LMF). The paper presents the circuit diagram model of WPT system. Based on the analysis of circuit model, the smooth mutual inductance of system is responsible for stable transmission performance during C2DD Rx movement. The result of numerical calculation and magnetic field simulation verifies the omnidirectional capability of the C2DD Rx with circular Tx as an example. Experiment shows that the C2DD Rx receives power in any direction. The C2DD Rx can receive maximum transmission power of 7.1 W with maximum transmission efficiency of 59%.

Language, fiction, and heteropatriarchal critique in selected recent Ugandan short fiction

There is an emerging Ugandan queer writing tradition that adopts an activist stance to imagine an alternative Ugandan queer subjecthood beyond popular and polarising perspectives of this subjectivity that were instantiated by the Anti-Homosexuality Act of 2014. This emerging archive of Ugandan writing, often deploying the short fiction genre, weaves intricate tales of queer Uganda that sidestep the censorship of an ostracised sexuality deemed sinful, dangerous, and unUgandan to claim the agency and humanity of Ugandan homosexuals. While this archive of Ugandan queer short fiction has attracted significant critical attention from scholars such as Edgar Fred Nabutanyi (2017, 2018), Ken Junior Lipenga (2014) and Ben de Souza (2020), who focus on the political activism of these texts in Ugandan sexuality debates, little critical attention has been paid to how writers deploy sociolinguistic tools to empower their characters to author their agency and life experiences as same-sex loving Ugandans. Using sociolinguistic discursive tools, I refer to a textuality that includes illocutionary techniques such as letter writing, dialogue, and stream of consciousness that subversively empower excluded and muted subjects to articulate their essence and humanity. Deploying textual analysis of selected short stories, their analyses, and Ugandan queer theoretical treatises, I read Monica Arac de Nyeko’s ‘Jambula tree’ (2006) Beatrice Lamwaka’s ‘Pillar of love’ (2016) and Anthea Paleo’s ‘Picture frame’ (2013) using a sociolinguistic lens to unveil how the selected writers’ subversion of patriarchal tropes of an amorous letter, an ideal heterosexual family, and a romantic date critique the ostracisation of a sexual orientation.

Performance analysis of rectangular and double-D transmitters with various receivers for electric vehicle static charging

The inductive charging stations of the future should be able to charge any car, regardless of the type of coil configuration attached to it. In this study the performance of different configurations of coils is investigated. Where the principle of interoperability is studied between the most common types of coils in the IPT system (rectangular and double-D) recommended by Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) J2954. This interoperability analysis is done at a power level of 11.1 kVA and Z3-class ground clearance using the two types of coils on the side of the car, while double D (DD) is used as a general transmitter in one case, and in the other case, a rectangle (R) is used as a general transmitter. Four 3D finite-element models (FEMs), along with compensation circuits, are built to perform the interoperability tests. The circuit models are utilized to determine the frequency of operation and the parameters of compensation circuit that realize the rated power at highest efficiency. The concept of interoperability has been verified through multiple performance indicators, namely coupling coefficient, transmitted power, and transmission efficiency. These indicators were calculated at ideal alignment and the different cases of misalignment, whether lateral or angular. The findings prove that the two different types of receivers (R and DD) can work efficiently and smoothly with the general transmitter, whether DD pad or rectangular pad are used. At the same time, the nominal power can be transmitted at high efficiency, above the limits permitted by SAE j2954 (>85 % at alignment conditions and >80 % at misalignment conditions).

Late Mesozoic impact of paleo-Pacific subduction on the North China craton revealed by apatite U-Pb and fission-track double dating and trace element analysis in the eastern Yanshan fold belt, northeastern Asia

The late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern North China craton was intimately related with the subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate. This study sheds light on Late Jurassic−Early Cretaceous basin-mountain coupling during paleo-Pacific subduction based on low-temperature thermochronology and geochemical analyses from the easternmost Yanshan fold belt, located at the northern edge of the craton. We performed apatite U-Pb and fission-track double dating and trace element analyses of basement and sedimentary rock samples, integrated with zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He analyses on bedrock samples. Our results revealed that the easternmost Yanshan fold belt experienced two stages of rapid cooling and exhumation in the Middle Jurassic−earliest Cretaceous (ca. 170−140 Ma) and in the Early Cretaceous (ca. 140−90 Ma). The Middle Jurassic−earliest Cretaceous exhumation (ca. 170−140 Ma) is mainly recorded by bedrock along the margins of intermontane basins of the eastern Yanshan fold belt. This exhumation event is consistent with compressional Yanshan movement during the Middle Jurassic−earliest Cretaceous coeval with paleo-Pacific flat-slab subduction. Subsequent Early Cretaceous rapid cooling is ascribed to the progressive evolution of the metamorphic core complexes and associated tectonic exhumation of major plutons of northeastern Asia, which were likely controlled by rollback of the paleo-Pacific slab. A middle Cretaceous (ca. 110−90 Ma) tectonic exhumation event is revealed by very low lag-time values in middle Cretaceous strata. Our findings illustrate the potential of a thermochronology approach that combines single-grain double dating and trace element analyses in synmagmatic orogenic systems, which may find application to other orogenic settings worldwide.

Disability Dates as Microgenre: 1990s Sitcoms and Backlash to the Americans with Disabilities Act

This article performs a historical corrective, documenting representations of disability in popular U.S. television sitcoms of the 1990s. While these shows did not center disability, they often featured strikingly similar episodic narratives involving disability, using the framework of romantic dates with a main character. This article analyzes these episodes as a microgenre, referred to as “disability dates.” This microgenre represents a fleeting subgenre of the sitcom that used similar strategies to represent disability and to reproduce popular discourses that opposed or undermined the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990).

Pengaruh Program Promosi dan Ketepatan Waktu Pengiriman Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen (Studi Kasus: Layanan Pesan Antar Makanan Aplikasi ShopeeFood di Kota Semarang)

This study analyzes the influence of timely delivery and promotional programs on consumer purchasing decisions in Semarang City for ShopeFood, an e-commerce company’s food delivery mobile application. Shopee’s success in e-commerce does not automatically translate to dominance in the food delivery industry. ShopeeFood employs promotional programs like the Payday Promo and the Double Date Promo, offering substantial discounts that increase user enthusiasm and encourage purchasing decisions. This research explores consumer behavior in response to these promotions and timely delivery, with a focus on economic development in information technology and the digital economy. Data analysis methods used in this quantitative study include descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Through those methods, it is found that both timely delivery and promotional programs do encourage consumers to purchase food delivery service through ShopeeFood platform. Consumers purchasing decision will also significantly increase when both promotional programs and service quality, particularly timely delivery, are executed simultaneously. These findings aim to to assist ShopeeFood management in developing effective marketing strategies to enhance consumer purchasing decisions.

Живе повсякдення давнини: перше видання діаріуша Пилипа Орлика 1725 і 1726 рр.

Walentyna Sobol’s new book is timed to a double date: the 350th birth anniversary and the 280th death anniversary of the famous personality: the poet, writer, and hetman of Ukraine Pylyp Orlyk (1672–1742). Walentyna Sobol analysed all the most important academic literature on Pylyp Orlyk’s work, and carried out thorough research, read out the manuscript text of the Diary of 1725 and 1726. Her many years of work on the manuscript and its publication took place in several stages. First, an abridged copy of Diary, made in 1830 by anonymous palaeographers, was read. Then the diary manuscript of 1724 was read. In the course of the next stage, in 2012, the researcher got hold of the original manuscript of Orlyk’ Diary, which is kept in the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France. Walentyna Sobol compared the facsimile edition with the original and found fragments of the manuscript missing from the facsimile. The researcher concludes that Orlyk’s text shows a combination of the education received by the hetman in Vilnius and finalised in Kyiv with European influences. This is confirmed by both the content of the notes and their form. Baroque features of notes, and Latin-Polish macaronisms are not just a tribute to fashion but also evidence of belonging to a specific literary tradition because, in the manuscripts of letters and diaries of many pupils of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, we see similar linguistic features. The first edition of Orlyk’s diary from 1725 and 1726 is an inexhaustible source of information for researchers in various fields, such as historians of religion, palaeographers, cultural anthropologists, linguists studying the languages spoken in the first half of the eighteenth century – Latin, Old Church Slavonic, Old Polish, Old French – their importance in the activities of European political elites.

American Singles' Attitudes Toward Future Romantic/Sexual Partners' COVID-19 Vaccination Status: Evidence for both Vigilance and Indifference in a National Sample.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12119-023-10097-9.

Boomchee

At what point in a date do you owe the other party the duty to inform them you are engaged? Is marriage an exercise in love, or practicality? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the law school student narrator working at a summer factory job decides to set up her shy female friend, Susie, with her boyfriend’s shy brother, Barry. They go on a double date and everything seems to be going fine. Only later does the narrator and her boyfriend find out that Barry is engaged to a mail-order bride from Southeast Asia that will be arriving shortly. The shy Barry, it turns out, wanted to “practice” going on a date before his new wife arrived. The law student narrator is embarrassed, and struggles with the moral duty both she, and Barry, owe to Susie.

A Compact and Coupling-Smooth Magnetic Coupler Design for AGV Wireless Charging Application

A compact magnetic coupler of inductive power transfer (IPT) system for automated guided vehicles (AGVs) is proposed in this paper, which consists of a double-D (DD) transmitter (Tx) and a compact dual-coil receiver (Rx). By overlapping between one coupling peak point and another coupling null point of two Rx coils, the Rx of the magnetic coupler achieves relatively small output voltage fluctuations, as well as minimizes its size. In addition, to eliminate cross-coupling of the dual-coil Rx, a mutual decoupling device composed of two lumped inductors is adopted, which possesses the same mutual inductance as the dual-coil Rx. Finally, based on the proposed magnetic coupler and its unique way of decoupling, a 3kW IPT system is constructed with 180mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 390$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm Tx, 150mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 210$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm Rx, 40mm air gap magnetic coupler, and inductor/capacitor/capacitor-series (LCC-S) based decoupling compensation network. The experimental results show that output voltage varies in proportion to the mutual inductance of Tx and Rx. The measured efficiency is 89.5% to 94.5% under the voltage range of 155V to 220V during the 90mm misalignment.

The Qixiangzhan eruption, Changbaishan-Tianchi volcano, China/DPRK: new age constraints and their implications

Zircon double dating (ZDD) of comendite lava reveals an eruption age of 7.0 ± 0.9 ka for the Qixiangzhan eruption (QXZ), Changbaishan-Tianchi volcano, China/DPRK. This age is supported by new 40Ar/39Ar sanidine experiments and a previous age control from charcoal at the base of the QXZ. The revised age supports correlations with distal ash in Eastern China and Central Japan and establishes a significant (estimated at Volcanic Explosivity Index 5+) eruption that may provide a useful Holocene stratigraphic marker in East Asia. The new age indicates that the QXZ lava does not record a ca. 17 ka Hilina Pali/Tianchi geomagnetic field excursion but rather a heretofore unrecognized younger Holocene excursion at ca. 7–8 ka. Comparison between U–Th zircon crystallization and ZDD as well as 40Ar/39Ar sanidine ages indicates a protracted period of accumulation of the QXZ magma that extends from ca. 18 ka to the eruption age. This connotes an eruption that mixed remobilized early formed crystals (antecrysts) from prior stages of magma accumulation with crystals formed near the time of eruption. Based on these results, a recurrence rate of ca. 7–8 ka for the Changbaishan-Tianchi magma system is found over the last two major eruption cycles.

Magnetic Shield Design for the Double-D Coil-Based Wireless Charging System

In this study, magnetic field emission (MFE) of the high-power double-D (DD) coil-based wireless charging system is investigated and a shielding technique is proposed. The MFE pattern produced by the DD coils is significantly different from the MFE of the unipolar (e.g., circular, square, or rectangular) coils, and the traditional aluminum shield does not suppress the MFE from the DD coils. This study shows that a conventional aluminum shield increases the MFE, and a magnetic shield effectively suppresses the MFE of the DD coils. Therefore, a magnetic shield consisting of high-permeability magnetic material, such as ferrites, nanocrystalline, etc., is proposed for the DD pads. The shielding effectiveness of the proposed shield is evaluated through finite-element analysis and verified through experiments. An 11-kW DD coil-based wireless charging system was used to test the proposed shielding technique. The experimental results show that a traditional aluminum shield increased the MFE by 29.8%, and the proposed magnetic shield suppressed the MFE by 50.5%.

A Parameter Design Method for a Wireless Power Transmission System with a Uniform Magnetic Field

In a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, misalignment on the transceiver side has a major impact on the transmission efficiency. However, a uniform magnetic field can mitigate the detrimental impact of offsets on the system performance. In this paper, an optimized double-D (DD) coil is proposed by dividing the wires into two groups. The parametric design approach proceeds from the outside to the inside of the coil. The uniformity of the magnetic field of the improved design is increased by 20.7% compared to that of a regular DD coil. The average transmission efficiency of the final test prototype can reach 85%, and the offset rates in the X and Y directions are only 3.21% and 3.43%, respectively, when misalignment occurs. This design can effectively improve the anti-offset ability of the system and can be generalized to the design of other types of coils.

Mesozoic–Cenozoic multistage tectonic evolution of the Pamir: Detrital fission‐track constraints from the Tajik Basin

AbstractKnowledge of the tectonic history of the Pamir contributes to our understanding of both the evolution of collisional orogenic belts as well as factors controlling Central Asian aridification. It is, however, not easy to decipher the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonics of the Pamir due to extensive Neogene deformation in an orogen that remains largely understudied. This study reports detrital apatite and zircon fission‐track (FT) ages from both the eastern Tajik Basin sedimentary rocks and Pamir modern river sands. These FT data, supported by vitrinite reflectance and zircon and apatite U–Pb double dating, suggest that the majority of the FT ages are unreset and record exhumation stages of the Pamir, which has served as the source terrane of the Tajik Basin since the Cretaceous. Furthermore, we combine the new data with a compilation of published detrital apatite and zircon FT data from both the Tajik Basin sedimentary rocks and Pamir modern river sands, to explore the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic history of Pamir. Deconvolved FT Peak Ages document two major Mesozoic exhumation events associated with the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic Cimmerian orogeny that reflects accretion of the Pamir terranes, as well as the Early–early Late Cretaceous deformation associated with the northward subduction of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean beneath Pamir. The compiled data also show significant Late Eocene–Neogene exhumation associated with the ongoing formation of the Pamir, which peaks at ca. 36, 25, 14 and 7 Ma.

Self-Aligning Capability of IPT Pads for High-Power Wireless EV Charging Stations

This article studies magnetic forces between transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coils in an inductive power transfer (IPT) system aiming to use those forces to align the coils and, consequently, improve power transfer. Due to its popularity, the analysis is conducted on a series–series compensated IPT system with planar spiral coils. The proposed method utilizes the bifurcation operation mode of the system and unloaded resonating receiver to maximize attractive force between magnetic couplers. Three-dimensional finite-element method simulations indicate that high-power IPT systems can develop enough attractive force to align coils even under nominal current. Regardless of the coil shape, e.g., spiral or Double-D (DD), the attractive forces tend to align the coils. Hence, a smart charging station can be devised based on self-aligning capability. Furthermore, this article proposes a mechanical structure to facilitate the attractive lateral force for the alignment of high power applications, i.e., wireless fast-charging stations. The forces are analyzed, modeled, and simulated for a 100-kW IPT system with an operating frequency of 20 kHz, while the self-aligning capability is experimentally verified on a downscale 11-kW prototype.

Research on Optimization of Horizontal Omnidirectional Misalignment Tolerance of WPT Based on Double D Coupler

DD (Double D) coils have been researched and utilized due to their excellent misalignment tolerance. Here, a compound DD coupler sets for stationary wireless power chargers, which has significantly better anti-misalignment performance than single DD coupler in all directions, is proposed. The transmitting coils are composed of two parts of DD coils wound in opposite directions. Moreover, to obtain the low-level variation of mutual inductance between compound transmitting coils and receiving coils when offset occurs, a parameter optimization strategy of compensation coils is also proposed. With the properly designed parameters, the mutual inductance between transmitting and receiving coils could remain basically constant when misalignment occurs, which means that the efficiency and power remain relatively constant when offset occurs. Finally, both single DD coils and compound DD coils experimental prototypes are built to compare anti-misalignment ability performance. The results show that the proposed system is basically more stable and has a higher output power and more stable efficiency than that of unoptimized coupler during migration. In particular, with the employment of the antiparallel winding, the efficiency fluctuates from 85.5% to 85% when the 0.1-m offset in the X-axis and Y-axis occurs simultaneously. Moreover, the higher and basically more stable output power is also achieved.