As an important component, the mechanical properties of the prefabricated beam-column steel joints have an effect on the mechanical mechanism of the whole frame structure system. According to the concept of replaceable post-earthquake and plastic damage control, the earthquake-resilient prefabricated beam-column steel joint with double flange cover plates (ERPBJ with double FCPs) has been proposed. To investigate the overall performance of the new steel frame with the new joint, four frame specimens are designed, and low-cycle reciprocating loading test and low cycle fatigue test had been carried out on them. The influence of the number of bolts, width of weakened dog-bone, post-earthquake repairability and different loading protocols have been studied. The failure mode, hysteretic curve, skeleton curve, the displacement ductility coefficient, the equivalent viscous damping coefficient have been obtained. The study results shows that the new earthquake-resilient prefabricated steel frame (ERPSF) with double FCPs have the advantage of controlling the damage positions. The plastic damage occurs on the replaceable FCPs, which ensures the structural performance, and the main structural components don not undergo plastic deformation. The decrease of the number of bolts will make the slip of FCPs more obvious, which will lead to the failure to fully utilize the bearing capacity of the FCP and reduce the ultimate load of the frame, but will improve the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the frame. The behavior of ERPSF with double FCPs is stable under low cycle fatigue loading test and many repair tests, which indicates that the ERPBJ with double FCPs can be used as a damper in the frame structure system.