Double Condenser Research Articles

IMPROVING FRESHWATER YIELD FROM SIMPLE SEAWATER DISTILLATION DISPENSERS THROUGH CONDENSER PIPE MODIFICATIONS

The primary objective of this study is to enhance the freshwater production efficiency of a basic seawater distillation apparatus by modifying the condenser pipe. Seawater, initially possessing a salt level of 20%, has undergone treatment via a distillation procedure facilitated by a distillation dispenser. The empirical findings indicated that the utilization of both single and double condenser pipes yielded notable disparities in the generation of freshwater. The initial quantity of freshwater generated by the single condenser pipe was comparatively lower during the course of the trial, whereas the double condenser pipe yielded a greater volume of freshwater over an extended duration. Hence, the careful choice of condenser pipes has the potential to significantly impact the effectiveness and operational capabilities of the distillation dispenser system. The findings of this research offer significant contributions towards the advancement of distillation dispenser technologies that are more efficient, particularly in coastal regions reliant on seawater as a primary water resource. This study has the potential to enhance the accessibility of potable water in regions where obtaining freshwater from natural sources is challenging.

Heat Transfer Analysis of Double Pipe Condenser on the Liquid Smoke Production of Cocoa Pod Husk Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Heat Transfer Analysis of Double Pipe Condenser on the Liquid Smoke Production of Cocoa Pod Husk Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Advancements in Household Refrigeration: Evaluating Cooling Efficiency and Sustainability through Innovative Technologies

Abstract: Household refrigeration technology has undergone significant advancements in recent years, driven by the need for energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and improved cooling performance. This comprehensive study delves into various aspects of household refrigerators, including single condenser systems, double condenser configurations, and the integration of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) on the condenser surface. In Case 1, we conducted experiments to determine the cooling capacity of a standard household refrigerator equipped with a single condenser. Precise measurements and data analysis allowed us to evaluate its cooling efficiency, a crucial factor in preserving perishable items and assessing energy consumption. Case 2 extended our investigation to refrigerators with double condenser units, aiming to understand their impact on cooling performance. By comparing results with Case 1, we evaluated the potential advantages of this configuration in terms of cooling capacity and energy efficiency

Investigation of the performance of a double-glazing solar distiller with external condensation and nano-phase change material

The solar still is a device that is simple in construction, easy to operate, and cheap in cost. However, the solar stills produce low amount of productivity. In this work, it was targeted that the solar still productivity is improved via using double-glazing with external condenser and nano-phase change material. These parameters are designed and chosen to achieve the aim of enhancing the evaporation and condensation processes of the solar still. Therefore, the impact of using various types of phase change materials (black marble and paraffin wax mixed with graphene nanoparticles) is also experimentally investigated. The tests' findings showed that employing double glazing raised the water and glass temperature of modified distiller by 1–6 °C and 5–20 °C higher than that of conventional solar distiller, respectively. Also, the modified distiller with double glazing covering had a 31.34 % lower productivity than the conventional distiller. Besides, using condenser with modified distiller improved the distillate by 23.59 % over that of the conventional distiller (2480 mL/m2·day for conventional distiller versus 3065 mL/m2·day for modified distiller with double glazing and condenser). Moreover, utilizing the black marble and nano-paraffin wax phase change materials in the modified distiller with double glazing and condenser improved the freshwater production by 83.33 % (4840 mL/m2·day for modified distiller versus 2640 mL/m2·day for conventional distiller) and 99.24 % (5260 mL/m2·day for modified distiller versus 2640 mL/m2·day for conventional distiller) respectively over that of the conventional distiller under the same conditions. Finally, the highest efficiency for modified distiller was achieved when using double glazing, condenser, and nano-paraffin wax phase change material, where it was 43.6 % compared to 30.5 % for the conventional distiller. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modifications.

Production of Pyrolysis Liquid from Pine Bark with Improved PID System and Analysis of Its Components by GC-MS

In this research, the bark of pine trees is procured, dried, and ground in the province of Elazığ (Türkiye). In an inert environment, the liquid of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed using a double condenser system in the improved PID-controlled pyrolysis reactor. In experimental studies, using response surface methodology (RSM) in the pyrolysis process, temperature, time, and amount of mass are optimized. Two phases are formed in the obtained pyrolysis liquid and these phases are separated with the help of a separating funnel. Low-density compounds are in the upper phase, and high-density liquid is in the lower phase. According to the results, maximum efficiency is obtained at 376 °C, 185 minutes, and 519 grams of pine bark powder. The efficiency of wood vinegar is found by the ratio of the amount of acetic acid to components other than water. The efficiency is calculated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) values. Experimental data and RSM model results have been evaluated by statistical analysis. Considering the amount, color, and components of the pyrolysis liquid, an evaluation can be made about the quality of this liquid. Also, as the particle size of the pinebark decreases, the surface area increases, so the pyrolysis time reduces.

Investigation of Thin-Layer Drying of Coffee Beans Using a Double-Condenser Compression Refrigeration System: Effects of Air Mass Flux, Specific Humidity and Drying Temperature

The drying process is the key to the quality of the coffee produced. The allowable moisture content of coffee beans is 12%. The air mass flux, specific humidity, and the drying temperature are varied using a bed dryer drying system combined with a double condenser refrigeration system. Robusta coffee beans are used in this research to obtain the characterization of coffee beans. The highest drying rate constant is obtained by 2.44 × 10-4 s-1 directly proportional to the increased air mass flux and drying air temperature, with a value of 1.701 kg/s m2 and 80 °C, but inversely proportional to the specific humidity, with a value of 7.01 g/kg d.a. The lowest activation energy value was 31.88 kJ/mol when the air mass flux was 1.701 kg/s m2, the drying air temperature was 80 °C, and the average specific humidity was 7.01 g/kg d.a. In this work, the developed correlation is proposed to practically predict the activation energy (EA) and the pre-exponential factor (A) with equation and respectively. Based on Ea and A correlation equation, it can be used for designing a bed dryer type coffee drying system for a larger scale.

Assessment of factors affecting the performance of a novel double condenser heat pipe Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) system in hot water mode: An experimental study in the lab

Assessment of factors affecting the performance of a novel double condenser heat pipe Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) system in hot water mode: An experimental study in the lab

Improving the performance of a hybrid solar desalination system under various operating conditions

The issue of freshwater shortage is a general problem that touches almost all human beings, and everyone is trying to find creative and practical solutions to try to overcome this problem. In this paper, the proposed desalination system consists of a modified solar still (MSS), parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC), separation unit (SU), and two external condensers (EC). The idea of this proposed device is that the PTSC was utilized to heat the saline feed water to a temperature from which steam can be extracted, and then a separation is made for this steam from the remaining water that has risen in temperature and has not been evaporated to be used as feed water for MSS. Also, MSS has been modified by making all its walls (except for the back wall of the distiller) of glass to obtain a greater amount of absorbed solar radiation. Besides, a double glass cover for MSS was used instead of the single glass sheet to prevent the heat loss to the atmosphere through the glass cover. The double glass cover is two sheets of glass between which there is a slight vacuum pressure. Regarding the experimental tests conducted through July 2021, the main conclusions of this work can be pointed. It was revealed that at 12:00, the maximum water temperature of PTSC was 55 °C at 20 L/hr (0.33 L/min), where the solar radiation was 1050 W/m². Besides, the effectiveness of PTSC was 60%, and the total accumulated productivity of PTSC was 83 L/daytime (daytime = 9 hrs). Moreover, the total accumulated productivities of conventional solar still (CSS) and MSS with double glass cover were 3330 and 2325 mL/m².daytime, respectively. Therefore, the productivity of MSS with double glass cover was smaller than that of the CSS by about 30%. In addition, the total accumulated freshwater distillate of CSS and MSS with double glass and condenser was 3370 mL/m².daytime and 6150 mL/m².daytime, respectively. As a consequence, the productivity of MSS with double glass and condenser was more than that of CSS by around 82.50%. In addition, the thermal and exergy efficiencies were 31% and 2.54%, respectively for CSS and 47.5% and 3.95%, respectively for MSS with double glass and condenser. Besides, the total productivity of the hybrid system (PTSC and MSS together) was reported as 91.0 L/daytime. Also, the cost of distilled water of proposed hybrid system is 0.008 $/L, and payback period of costs on proposed system is three months. Moreover, the environmental parameters of EPF, ϕCO2, and Z′ for MSS are slightly more than the double of that for CSS.

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Performance of a Novel Double Condenser Heat Pipe Photovoltaic-Thermal (Pv/T) System in Hot Water Mode: An Experimental Study in the Lab

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Performance of a Novel Double Condenser Heat Pipe Photovoltaic-Thermal (Pv/T) System in Hot Water Mode: An Experimental Study in the Lab

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Performance of a Novel Double Condenser Heat Pipe Photovoltaic-Thermal (Pv/T) System in Hot Water Mode: An Experimental Study in the Lab

Assessment of Factors Affecting the Performance of a Novel Double Condenser Heat Pipe Photovoltaic-Thermal (Pv/T) System in Hot Water Mode: An Experimental Study in the Lab

Constructing Solar Water Purifier

In India, water borne diseases are increasing day by day. Nearly, 60% of India’s population has to drink unsafe or impure drinking water. Drinking impure water gives rise to many water borne diseases such as diarrhea, typhoid, etc. Energy crisis is another big issue in our country as India is a developing country. Conventional energy sources are limited and they cause environmental pollution. By using a renewable energy source such as solar power for water purification, we can avoid above mentioned issues as it gives solution to both the problems. Solar water purifiers comes up with a solution to these problem as water gets purified with the help of solar energy. Solar water purifiers are an advancement of the current water purification system. Design methodology of the solar water purifier is presented in this paper. Solar water purifier takes solar power as the input and uses it as a energy source and stores it into the battery. Main components of the proposed solar water purifier are solar panel, battery, heating coil, filtering mechanism, double layer condenser and several water vessels. This purifier uses a filtering mechanism to remove dirt from the impure water and a boiling mechanism to kill organisms present in it. Through this process, pure drinking water is achieved.

Thermal Resistance of Cascade Heat Pipe as CPU Cooling System to Maintain Safe Temperature for Computer

Computer will overheat quickly if used in a state of full load continuously. One component on a computer that generates heat is the central processing unit (CPU) which is a key component on a computer where program instructions are processed. One of the right solutions to cool the CPU is the use of heat pipes as cooling system, using several size container, loaded with a special liquid liquid to deliver the heat from the evaporator zone to the other end called condenser zone, but because the heat pipe condenser output temperature is still high therefore a cascade heat pipe was created to lower the output temperature. In this study there are four CPU cooling systems used namely single condenser cascade heat pipe and a double condenser cascade heat pipe, while others two cooling systems as a comparison namely non-cascade heat pipe and non-cascade heat pipe with fan. This study aims to find out the cooling performance of cascade heat pipe as CPU cooling system in a small form factor desktop PC by testing variations in workload, the workload given is idle load (12W) where the processor only runs the operating system without the software load so the processor utilization is only 1% -10%. Next is the medium load (30W) that uses 2 threads with processor utilization of 50% -90%. The last workload is full load (35W) with the number of threads used being 4 with processor utilization of 90% -100%. This research found that the thermal resistance of the cascade heat pipe tended to be higher than that of the non-cascade heat pipe, however the increase that occurred was not too large compared to the resulting performance of 60.2°C in the processor and 40.4°C in the heat sink for the cascade double condenser, the operating temperature of the CPU does not increase significantly as the thermal resistance increases on the cascade heat pipe.

PENGARUH NON-CONDENSABLE GAS (UDARA) PADA PENGEMBUNAN PARSIAL SISTEM N-HEKSAN - ETANOL

The objective of the research is to seek the effect of the concentration of air, as a non-condensable gas, towards mass transfer coefficient and heat transfer coefficient on the condensation of n-hexane-ethanol vapor. The experiment was carried out in the vertical double pipe condenser with the length, inner and outer diameter of the tube was 1 m, 1. 1 cm and 1.25 cm, respectively. The diameter of annulus was 3,25 cm. Water, as a cold fluid, flowed in the annulus side while the n-hexane vapor, ethanol vapor and air flowed in the tube side. In the interval of air concentration studied (9.92% to 33.91% mole) the heat transfer coefficient of gas (hg}, the mass transfer coefficient of n-hexane (kg1) and ethanol (kg2) was down significantly.

An experimental work on the performance of solar cell cooled by flat heat pipe

This paper introduces an experimental study for concentrating solar cell performance cooled by using flat heat pipe. The cell represents the heat pipe evaporator, and the heat pipe condenser is cooled by using a rectangular finned heat sink. This study is investigated at various heat pipe condenser and adiabatic regions lengths and concentration ratios of the radiation intensity incident on the cell, and for forced and free convection airflow cooling through the finned heat sink. The required radiation energy supplied to the cell is provided by solar simulator. The findings illustrate that cell efficiency and output power increase with increasing the heat pipe condenser and decrease its adiabatic regions’ lengths. However, cell efficiency reduces with rising the incident radiation intensity. The heat pipe temperature increases with radiation intensity, but its maximum temperature difference does not change greatly with variation solar intensity. Cooling the cell by heat pipe increases its output power by 24.3% compared to free convection without utilizing heat pipe at incident energy 500 W m−2. Using forced convection with double condenser length increases the cell output power by about 9.1% compared to one heat sink for free convection at falling radiation intensity 3000 W m−2.

A comparative empirical investigation on the thermal performance of gravity-assisted double-bent, double-ended cooling, and single-bent, single-ended cooling heat pipes

Abstract Using of heat pipes is one of the best practical solutions that are considered for cooling processors and heat sources. A comparative study on the thermal performance of gravity-assisted double-bent, double ended cooling (DBDC) and single-bent, single-ended cooling (SBSC) heat pipes having sintered copper felt wick was proposed and evaluated experimentally. The DBDC and SBSC heat pipes are bendable post fabrication. Cooling blocks were elevated upper than the evaporator section of the heat pipes. The effects of heat input, bending angle, and using double condenser on the thermal performance were evaluated. The results showed that the minimum evaporator surface temperature for the DBDC and SBSC heat pipes occurred in the 60° and 45° bending angles respectively. Also the evaporator surface temperature of the DBDC heat pipes was less than SBSC heat pipes for bending angles lower than 60° while for bending angles more than 60° it was vice versa. The results indicated that the bending angle had a significant effect on the heat pipe's thermal performance. The minimum thermal resistance and maximum Nusselt number witnessed were 0.23857 °C/W and 7.51 × 105 respectively for DBDC heat pipe at the 60° bending angle, for the 70 W and 80 W heat inputs.

Thermal resistance analysis of central processing unit cooling system based on cascade straight heat pipe

The development of electronic device is moving toward Smart Technologies, But, the idea of Smart Technologies brings a new problem to heat flux management because the device produces more heat to be banished, especially CPU. So to solve those problems, heat pipe was chosen to be an alternative solution. Heat pipe was hoped to be a passive cooling system technology, but further research shows that goal can’t be achieved, due to the high condenser temperature, and the cooling system still needs fan support to banish the heat quickly from the device. So, this paper will discuss a research about new cascade system for heat pipe with variations of heat load and amount of condenser. The results were compared to non-cascade heat pipe to know its thermal performance, especially in thermal resistance. The results show that application of cascade straight heat pipe is effective to solve high condenser temperature problem. In thermal resistance, non-cascade heat pipe still better, but the differences only around 0.3-0.37 °C/W. For the comparison between single and double condenser, double condenser shows better thermal performance. In the end, this cascade heat pipe technology is effective to be applied for central processing unit cooling system technology.

Central processing unit based on cascade straight heat pipe

Smart technologies are the scientific knowledge application that develops into computer technology. Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a computer hardware that carries out the computer program instructions. The CPU technology development is very fast with the impression of smaller dimensions yet maintain its performance and efficiency, this results in a heat flux or overheating that should be reduced and even removed from the CPU system to maintain the CPU performance and life because the overheating could potentially damage and slow down the computer work. To solve the CPU heat flux problem, we use heat pipes as the cooling system, because of its ability to transfer heat and contribute to the high outlet temperature in the condenser. The cascade heat pipe design is made by combining two heat pipes into one. The design is expected to be able to reduce the processor temperature by 2.74°C at the idle condition, 1.48°C at maximum conditions, and condenser section by 14.94°C at the idle condition, and 21.12°C at maximum condition. Cascade heat pipe with double condenser reduce processor temperature by 3.89°C at the idle condition, 4.24°C at the maximum condition, condenser section by 17.12°C at the idle condition and 24.16°C at maximum condition lower than the non-cascade cooling system.

Energy and techno-economic assessment of the effect of the coupling between an air source heat pump and the storage tank for sanitary hot water production

Heat pumps are proved to be a highly efficient technology for sanitary hot water production. However, when installing them coupled with the storage tank, an inefficiency up to 30% can be introduced in the system since this coupling cannot be direct according to EN 1717:2000; in order to prevent from any potential pollution of potable water in case of a refrigerant leakage. This research work evaluates three types of indirect coupling in the case of an air source heat pump system for sanitary hot water production: a coil heat exchanger inside the storage tank (CC), an intermediate heat exchanger between the tank and the heat pump (EHXC) and a double wall condenser (DWCC). A techno-economic assessment was carried out for the representative climate conditions around Europe. Results show that the DWCC is always the most efficient and cost-effective solution with a 3.66% lower energy efficiency than the direct coupling (Base Case), whereas the CC is not only the less efficient solution (27.1% lower than the Base Case) but also the less cost-effective, with a 50% lower net present value than the DWCC.

Effect of Cooling Water Flow Path on the Flow and Heat Transfer in a 660 MW Power Plant Condenser

The effect of the cooling water flow path on the flow and heat transfer in a double tube-pass condenser for a 660 MW power plant unit was numerically investigated based on a porous medium model. The results were used to analyze the streamline, velocity, air mass fraction and heat transfer coefficient distributions. The simulations indicate that the cooling water flow path is important in large condensers. For the original tube arrangement, the heat transfer with the lower-upper cooling water flow path is better than that with the upper-lower cooling water flow path. The reason is that the steam cannot flow into the internal of upper tube bundle and the air fractions are higher in the upper tube bundle with the upper-lower cooling water flow path. An improvement tube arrangement was developed for the upper-lower cooling water flow path which reduced the back pressure by 0.47 kPa compared to the original scheme. Thus, the results show that the tube arrangements should differ for different cooling water flow paths and the condenser heat transfer can be improved for the upper-lower cooling water flow path by modifying the tube arrangement.

Double condenser pulsating heat pipe cooler

A novel pulsating heat pipe cooler (PHP) based on automotive technology is presented. This technology uses numerous aluminum Multiport Extruded (MPE) tubes disposed in parallel to achieve the desired compactness. The sub-channels of the MPEs are connected in a serpentine manner by means of fluid distribution elements integrated in the two condenser manifolds. This configuration enables the oscillation of liquid slugs and elongated bubbles between the evaporator and the condenser areas. This power electronics cooling system with a double condenser area was experimentally characterized and the thermal performances measured with R245fa are presented in this paper. The influence of different parameters such as the heat load, fluid filling ratio and orientation are investigated. The results show that the device is orientation-free: the performance was identical in all orientations, vertical, horizontal and anti-vertical.