Double Component Research Articles

Diphoton ridge inp+pandp+Acollisions at RHIC and the LHC

We obtain prompt di-photon cross-section in proton-nucleus collisions in Hamiltonian light-cone approach within a hybrid approximation, treating the projectile proton in the parton model and the target nucleus in the Color-Glass-Condensate approach. We study in details the di-photon correlations in quark-nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions at RHIC and the LHC. We show that the single fragmentation di-photon produces the away side correlations peak, and the double fragmentation component of prompt di-photon is responsible for the near-side peak, and the long-range in rapidity near-side azimuthal collimation, the so-called "ridge" structure. We study the transverse momentum, density and energy dependence of the di-photon ridge and show that it strongly depends on the kinematics and saturation dynamics. We show that while di-photon ridge exists at the LHC in quark-nucleus collisions, the effect disappears in proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC. At RHIC the ridge-type structure persists at low transverse momenta of di-photon even in proton-nucleus collisions. We argue that di-photon correlation measurments in p+A collisions can help to discriminate among models and understand the true origin of the observed di-hadron ridge in p+A collisions. We also show that in addition to the ridge structure, prompt di-photon correlation also exhibits some distinct novel features, including the emergence of away side double-peak structure at intermediate transverse momenta.

A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample

We report on the optical spectroscopic analysis of a sample of 99 low-luminosity quasi-stellar objects (LLQSOs) at $z\leq 0.06$ base the Hamburg/ESO QSO survey (HES). The LLQSOs presented here offer the possibility of studying the faint end of the QSO population at smaller cosmological distances and, therefore, in greater detail. A small number of our LLQSO present no broad component. Two sources show double broad components, whereas six comply with the classic NLS1 requirements. As expected in NLR of broad line AGNs, the [S{\sc{ii}}]$-$based electron density values range between 100 and 1000 N$_{e}$/cm$^{3}$. Using the optical characteristics of Populations A and B, we find that 50\% of our sources with H$\beta$ broad emission are consistent with the radio-quiet sources definition. The remaining sources could be interpreted as low-luminosity radio-loud quasar. The BPT-based classification renders an AGN/Seyfert activity between 50 to 60\%. For the remaining sources, the possible star burst contribution might control the LINER and HII classification. Finally, we discuss the aperture effect as responsible for the differences found between data sets, although variability in the BLR could play a significant role as well.

Discrete potentials guided ablation for idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias

Discrete potentials (DPs) have been recorded and targeted as the site of ablation of the outflow tract arrhythmias. The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of DPs with respect to mapping and ablation for idiopathic outflow tract premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or ventricular tachycardias (VTs). Seventeen out of 24 consecutive patients with idiopathic right or left ventricular outflow tract PVCs/VTs who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation between September 2012 and December 2013 in our department were included. Intracardiac electrograms during the mapping and ablation were analyzed. During sinus rhythm, sharp high-frequency DPs that displayed double or multiple components were recorded following or buried in the local ventricular electrograms in all of the 17 patients, peak amplitude was (0.51 ± 0.21) mV. The same potential was recorded prior to the local ventricular potential of the PVCs/VTs. Spontaneous reversal of the relationship of the DPs to the local ventricular electrogram was noted during the arrhythmias. The DPs were related to a region of low voltage showed by intracardiac high-density contact mapping. At the sites with DPs, unipolar and bipolar ventricular voltage of sinus beats were lower compared with the adjacent regions without DPs (unipolar: (6.1 ± 1.8) mV vs. (8.3 ± 2.3) mV, P < 0.05; bipolar: (0.62 ± 0.45) mV vs. (1.03 ± 0.60) mV, P < 0.05). The targeted DPs were still present in 12 patients after successful elimination of the ectopies. Discrete potentials were not present in seven controls. Discrete potentials and related low-voltage regions were common in idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias. Discrete potential- and substrate-guided ablation strategy could help to reduce the recurrence of idiopathic outflow tract arrhythmias.

Detection of radio-frequency interference signals from AMSR-E data over the United States with snow cover

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) causes severe contamination to passive and active microwave sensing observations and corresponding retrieval products. RFI signals should be detected and filtered before applying the microwave data to retrieval and data assimilation. It is difficult to detect RFI over land surfaces covered by snow because of the scattering effect of snow surface. The double principal component analysis (DPCA) method is adopted in this study, and its ability in identifying RFI signals in AMSR-E data over snow covered regions is investigated. Results show that the DPCA method can detect RFI signals effectively in spite of the impact of snow scattering, and the detected RFI signals persistent over time. Compared to other methods, such as PCA and normalized PCA, DPCA is more robust and suitable for operational application.

Differentiation of Normal and Cancer Cell Adhesion on Custom Designed Protein Nanopatterns.

Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is deregulated in metastasis. However, traditional surfaces used to study cell adhesion do not faithfully mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Electron beam lithography (EBL) is able to generate customized protein nanopatterns. Here, we used an EBL-based green lithography approach to fabricate homogeneous and gradient, single (fibronectin, K-casein) and double (fibronectin, laminin) active component protein nanopatterns with micrometer scale spacing to investigate differences in adhesion of breast cancer cells (BCC) and normal mammary epithelial cells (NMEC). Our results showed that as expected, in contrast to NMEC, BCC were plastic: they tolerated nonadhesion promoting regions, adapted to flow and exploited gradients better. In addition, the number of focal adhesions but not their area appeared to be the dominant parameter for regulation of cell adhesion. Our findings also demonstrated that custom designed protein nanopatterns, which can properly mimic the in vivo microenvironment, enable realistic distinction of normal and cancerous cell adhesion.

Various double component mode synthesis and sub-structuring methods for dynamic mixed FEM

This paper presents various sub-structuring and component mode synthesis (CMS) reduction methods for dynamic mixed displacement-stress FEM. The idea is to imagine a new way of reducing a mixed FEM, by splitting the reduction of the displacement and the stress parameters and adapting primal existing modal reduction methods to each field of the mixed model. In this way, we can choose, for each sub-structure, different methods to truncate the displacements, the stresses and even the junction between the sub-structures. The results differ according to the combination of the methods used, and can show extremely promising results that significantly decrease the numerical size of the structures and still keep the benefits of the mixed method.

Endosperm Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Normal, Waxy, and Super-Sweet Maize

Maize is a main botanical source used for extraction of starch in the world market. New maize cultivars with different amylose contents and special starch metabolism characteristics have been generated. Three types of maize cultivars, namely, normal maize, waxy maize (wxwx homozygous mutant), and super-sweet maize (sh2sh2 homozygous mutant), were investigated to determine differences in endosperm structures, morphologies, and physicochemical properties of starches. Maize kernels exhibited significantly different contents of total starch, soluble sugar, and amylose. Normal maize kernels contained the largest proportion of floury endosperm, followed by waxy maize and then super-sweet maize. Normal maize starch and waxy maize starch were larger in size than super-sweet maize starch. Normal maize starch and waxy maize starch were spherical and polygonal in floury and vitreous endosperms, respectively. Super-sweet maize starch was spherical both in floury and vitreous endosperms. Waxy maize starch showed the strongest birefringence patterns, the highest crystallinity and the largest proportion of ordered structure in external region of granules, and the largest proportion of double helix components, followed by normal maize starch and then super-sweet maize starch. Waxy maize starch showed the highest peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, gelatinization temperatures (i.e., gelatinization conclusion temperature, gelatinization onset temperature, gelatinization peak temperature, and gelatinization enthalpy). By contrast, super-sweet maize starch showed the lowest corresponding values for these parameters.

Suzaku observation of X-ray variability in soft state LMC X-1

Abstract This paper reports the results of Suzaku observation of the spectral variation of the black hole binary LMC X-1 in the soft state. The observation was carried out in 2009 from July 21 to 24. the obtained net count rate was ∼ 30 counts s−1 in the 0.5–50 keV band with ∼ 10% peak-to-peak flux variation. The time-averaged X-ray spectrum cannot be described by a multi-color disk and single Compton component with its reflection, but requires additional Comptonized emissions. This double Compton component model allows a slightly larger inner radius of the multi-color disk, implying a lower spin parameter. Significant spectral evolution was observed above 8 keV along with a flux decrease on a timescale of ∼ 104–105 s. By spectral fitting, we show that this behavior is well explained by changes in the hard Comptonized emission component in contrast to the maintained disk and soft Comptonized emission.

Analytical elastic-plastic analyses of a spherical shell subjected to hydrostatic tension based on a strain gradient model for plastic metals

The problem of a spherical shell made of an elastic-plastic second gradient model for plastic materials and subjected to hydrostatic tension is considered. The elastic-plastic second gradient model is a simplified version (porosity neglected) of a second gradient model for plastic porous metals developed, some years ago, by Gologanu, Leblond, Perrin and Devaux, so-called GLPD model. The expressions of the velocity field as well as the ordinary and double stress components are determined for the cases where the spherical shell is modeled by a purely elastic, purely plastic, and elastic-plastic GLPD models. As expected, the solution developed in each case (elastic, ideal-plastic, and elastic-plastic) reduces to that of the first gradient as a special case when the characteristic length scale the GLPD model involves is negligible. Our results allow comparisons between the newly developed solution and the classical elastic-plastic solution for the same model problem; they also provide insights into the influence of the characteristic length scale on the newly developed solution.

Klubo sąnario endoprotezo sepsinis išklibimas esant gūžduobės protrūzijai ir išorinės klubinės arterijos sužalojimui: atvejo aprašymas

Straipsnyje aprašyta reta komplikacija po klubo sąnario endoprotezavimo operacijos. Ligonei dėl dešinio klubo sąnario artrozės atlikta planinė pirminė klubo sąnario endoprotezavimo operacija. Per pirmą pooperacinį mėnesį įvyko keturi endoprotezo išnirimai, diagnozuotas gūžduobinio komponento išklibimas. Atlikta revizinė artroplastika, implantuojant dvigubo mobilumo gūžduobinį komponentą. Po 12 mėnesių dėl persistuojančios infekcijos, gūžduobinio komponento išklibimo esant progresuojančiai protrūzija į mažąjį dubenį ir gausaus kraujavimo iš fistulės pooperacinio rando vietoje skubiai atlikta revizinė operacija. Angiografijos duomenimis, kraujavimo požymių į mažąjį dubenį nebuvo. Operacijos metu rastas į mažąjį dubenį paniręs gūžduobinis endoprotezo komponentas, pažeidęs išorinę klubinę arteriją, dauginiai šlaunikaulio ir kaulinio gūžduobės dugno osteomielito židiniai. Arterijos defektas susiūtas ir atlikta klubo sąnario egzartikuliacija.

Automatic Classification and Quantification of Cell Adhesion Locations on the Endothelium.

To target tumor hematogenous metastasis and to understand how leukocytes cross the microvessel wall to perform immune functions, it is necessary to elucidate the adhesion location and transmigration pathway of tumor cells and leukocytes on/across the endothelial cells forming the microvessel wall. We developed an algorithm to classify and quantify cell adhesion locations from photomicrographs taken from the experiments of tumor cell/leukocyte adhesion in individual microvessels. The first step is to identify the microvessel by a novel gravity-field dynamic programming (DP) procedure. Next, an anisotropic image smoothing suppresses noises without unduly mitigating crucial visual features. After an adaptive thresholding process further tackles uneven lighting conditions during the imaging process, a series of local mathematical morphological operators and eigenanalysis identify tumor cells or leukocytes. Finally, a novel double component labeling procedure categorizes the cell adhesion locations. This algorithm has generated consistently encouraging performances on photomicrographs obtained from in vivo experiments for tumor cell and leukocyte adhesion locations on the endothelium forming the microvessel wall. Compared with human experts, this algorithm used 1/500-1/200 of the time without having the errors due to human subjectivity. Our automatic classification and quantification method provides a reliable and cost effective approach for biomedical image processing.

Improved Control Strategy for Microgrid Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Systems

Ultracapacitors (UCs), with their features of high power density and high current charge-discharge, have become the best choice for dynamic power compensation to improve the stability of microgrids and are increasingly being applied in microgrids. This paper presents the control of an energy storage system (ESS) based on ultracapacitors in the context of grid-connected microgrids. The ESS is composed of DC/AC and DC/DC converters tied by a dc link. An improved dynamic model for the ESS is proposed. Based on the proposed model a Proportional-Integral-Resonant (PIR) DC link voltage controller is proposed to maintain the DC link voltage through the charging-discharging control of ultracapacitors, capable of working properly under all operating conditions. An extra double frequency component is injected into the UC current by a R controller to dynamically compensate for DC instantaneous power and double frequency AC instantaneous power due to unbalanced grid conditions and disturbances. This feature maintains the DC link voltage constant under unbalanced conditions and increases the degrees of freedom of the DC/AC converter and thus facilitates the application of UCs in microgrids. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

A double mobility acetabular implant for primary hip arthroplasty in patients at high risk of dislocation.

Dislocation following total hip replacement continues to be a problem for which no completely satisfactory solution has been found. Several methods have been proposed to reduce the incidence of hip dislocations with varying degrees of success, including elevated rim liners, constrained liners and large diameter bearings. We present our experience with the double mobility acetabular component in patients at high risk of instability. This was a retrospective review of 65 primary total hip arthroplasties in 55 patients (15 men, 40 women), performed between October 2005 and November 2009. The majority (80%) of patients had at least two and 26% had at least three risk factors for instability. The mean age was 76 years (range: 44-92 years). The patients were followed up for a mean duration of 60 months (range: 36-85 months). Fourteen patients died and one was lost to follow-up, leaving fifty hips for final assessment. Until the final follow-up appointment, no patients had dislocation and none required revision surgery. The mean Oxford hip score improved from 45.0 to 26.5 (p<0.0001). The mean Merle d'Aubigné pain score improved from 1.4 to 4.9 (p<0.0001), the walking score from 2.3 to 3.1 (p<0.07) and the absolute hip function score from 5.4 to 10.8 (p<0.0001). There were no clinical or radiographic signs of loosening. The double mobility acetabular component was successful at preventing dislocation during early to medium-term follow-up. However, as data are still lacking with regard to polyethylene wear rates at the additional bearing surface, it would be prudent to restrict the use of this implant to selected patients at high risk of instability.

Refining bimodal microstructure of materials with MSTRUCT

The possibilities of modelling the diffraction profiles from bimodal microstructure in computer program MSTRUCT are demonstrated on two examples. A special “Double Component” profile effect can be utilized for such problems. At first it was applied to an analysis of a mixture of two nanocrystalline anatase powders with different crystallite sizes and the relative ratio of both components was determined from X-ray diffraction data. In the second case study, diffraction peaks from a pure polycrystalline copper sample treated by equal channel angular pressing were fitted using a two-phase model of large recrystallized defect-free grains and ultrafine crystallites with high dislocation density. The method is shown to be suitable for determination of the relative fraction of the microstructural components as well as other parameters (e.g. dislocation density).

Discrete potentials guided radiofrequency ablation for idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias.

Discrete potentials (DPs) have been recorded and targeted as the site of ablation of the outflow tract arrhythmias. The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of DPs with respect to mapping and ablation for idiopathic outflow tract premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or ventricular tachycardias (VTs). Seventeen consecutive patients with idiopathic right or left ventricular outflow tract PVCs/VTs who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation were included. Intracardiac electrograms during the mapping and ablation were analysed. During sinus rhythm, sharp high-frequency DPs that displayed double or multiple components were recorded following or buried in the local ventricular electrograms in all of the 17 patients, peak amplitude 0.51 ± 0.21 mV. The same potential was recorded prior to the local ventricular potential of the PVCs/VTs. Spontaneous reversal of the relationship of the DPs to the local ventricular electrogram during the arrhythmias was noted. The DPs were related to a region of low voltage showed by intracardiac high-density contact mapping. At the sites with DPs, lower unipolar and bipolar ventricular voltage of sinus beats were noted compared with the adjacent regions without DPs (unipolar: 6.1 ± 1.8 vs. 8.3 ± 2.3 mV, P < 0.05; bipolar: 0.62 ± 0.45 vs. 1.03 ± 0.60 mV, P < 0.05). The targeted DPs were still present in 12 patients after successful elimination of the ectopies. Discrete potentials were not present in seven controls. Discrete potentials and related low-voltage regions were common in idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias. Discrete potential- and substrate-guided ablation strategy will help to reduce the recurrence of idiopathic outflow tract arrhythmias.

Electricity Load Forecasting using Hybrid of Multiplicative Double Seasonal Exponential Smoothing Model with Artificial Neural Network

Electricity load forecasting often has many properties such as the nonlinearity, double seasonal cycles, and others those may be obstacles for the accuracy of forecasting using some classical statistical models. Many papers in this field have proposed using double seasonal (DS) exponential smoothing model to forecast. These papers indicated that electricity load forecasting using DS exponential smoothing model has better fit. Using artificial neural network (ANN) as a modern approach may be used for superior fitted forecasting, since this approach can deal with the non-linearity components of load data. The purpose of this paper is to improve the electricity load forecasting by building the hybrid model that includes a double seasonal exponential smoothing with an artificial neural network. This hybrid model will study the double seasonal effects and non-linearity components together based on the electricity load data. The strategy of building this hybrid model is by entering ANN output as an input in double seasonal exponential smoothing model. The data sets are taken from three stations with different electricity load characteristics such as a residential, industrial and city center. The electricity load testing forecast of DS exponential smoothing-ANN hybrid model gave the most minimum mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) measurement comparing with the electricity load testing forecasts of DS exponential smoothing and ANN for all electricity load data sets. In conclusion, DS exponential smoothing-ANN hybrid model are the most fitted for every electricity load data which contains the double seasonal effects and non-linearity components.

The pyrolysis of multi-component municipal solid waste in fixed bed reactor for activated carbon production

The five representative components (pinewood, paperboard, waste tire, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and acrylic textile) in municipal solid waste (MSW) were selected as raw materials to prepare the activated carbon. Single component, double component, and triple component mixtures were pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor. The optimal preparation condition was acquired with a reaction temperature of 800°C and reaction time of 60min. The influence of different components on the adsorption performance of pyrolysis product was investigated under the optimum condition. Among the different single components, the pinewood showed the best adsorption capacity. As for the four kinds of double components mixture, the mixture of pinewood and tire showed the highest methylene blue adsorption performance. To approach the actual proportion of MSW, the triple components mixtures were further investigated. Four kinds of the triple components mixtures were pyrolyzed under the same preparation conditions under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture of pinewood, tire and acrylic textile showed the best adsorption performance, which exhibited high surface area (646.32m2/g) and pore volume (0.52m3/g), suggesting the potential application as adsorbent.

Leishmaniasis Mimicking Lymphoma and/or Liver Cirrhosis

A 76-year-old man was admitted to hospital with fever, weight loss, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and a double monoclonal component IgM-IgG-k, suggesting a diagnosis of myeloma. Bone marrow and liver biopsies disclosed the presence of Donovan bodies, and the titre of anti-Leishmania antibodies was extremely high. After treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, the titre of antibodies fell considerably, while monoclonal components, pancytopenia and clinical symptoms slowly disappeared. Polyclonal ?-globulins are made of innumerable monoclonal components, one of which can appear as a recognizable band and be misdiagnosed as myeloma when representing the high titre of an antibody directed towards a specific antigen.

Design, synthesis, and performances of double-shelled LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 as cathode for long-life and safe Li-ion battery

LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 is redesigned into a new core-shelled Li[(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)2/7]core[(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)3/14]inner-shell[(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4)1/2]outer-shellO2, in which LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 may deliver high capacity and LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 provides structural and thermal stability. To achieve such designed structure, double-shelled hydroxide precursors are firstly prepared via a co-precipitation route. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that all precursors are of 6–10 μm spherical secondary particles developed from nanosheet-shaped primary particles. Energy disperse X-ray spectrum (EDS) on the surface of precursors, in combination with increase of particles size from core to shell during co-precipitation process, confirms the formation of core–shell structure as designed. The spherical morphology is preserved after lithiation at different temperatures from 800 °C to 900 °C while the morphology of primary particles changes from nano-sized plate to micron-sized rectangular-like shapes. EDS surface composition analysis of lithiated compounds also strongly suggests the formation of core–shell structure; nevertheless, diffusion of transition metal ions between the core and shell occurs and becomes severe with increase of sintering temperature. Consequently, the double-shelled materials especially prepared at 850 °C display the remarkably improved cycleability, rate capability, and thermal stability in contrast to normal one. The enhancement of those properties may be ascribed to structurally stable double shell components, especially outer shell.

Photonic-assisted microwave phase shifter using a DMZM and an optical bandpass filter

We propose and demonstrate a photonic-assisted wideband 360° microwave phase shifter based on a conventional dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DMZM) and an optical bandpass filter (OBPF). The two arms of the DMZM are driven by the fundamental microwave signal to be phase shifted and its frequency doubled component, respectively. The OBPF followed after the DMZM is used to remove the optical carrier and the sidebands at either side of the optical carrier. As a result, only two sidebands corresponding to the fundamental microwave signal and its frequency doubled component, respectively, are left. Moreover, the phase shift between the two sidebands can be continuously tunable by adjusting the bias voltage of the DMZM. This phase shift is mapped to the fundamental microwave signal which is recovered by beating the two sidebands in a photodetector (PD). The proposed approach is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified.