Double Color Research Articles

Late nonstructural 100,000- and 33,000-dalton proteins of adenovirus type 2. I. Subcellular localization during the course of infection.

We analyzed the subcellular locations of the late adenovirus type 2 nonstructural 100,000-dalton (100K) and 33K proteins in adenovirus type 2-infected HeLa cells both by biochemical cell fractionation and by immunofluorescence microscopy, using specific antisera against purified sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured 100K and 33K polypeptides. Both methods showed that the 100K protein was present in the cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei of infected cells and that it accumulated in the nuclei during the course of infection. Phosphorylated 100K protein also was found both in the cytoplasm and in nuclei. However, the nuclear 100K protein pool was phosphorylated to a higher degree than the cytoplasmic pool. In all experiments the 33K protein, which also is a phosphoprotein, was present exclusively in the nuclei of infected cells. The 100K and 33K proteins were associated with different nuclear substructures; this was demonstrated serologically by an analysis of infected cells in which double color immunofluorescence microscopy was used. In these experiments antibodies against the 100K protein decorated different nuclear structures than antibodies against the 33K protein.

Intensification of nickel- and cobalt-filled neurone profiles following differential staining by rubeanic acid.

SUMMARYIt is demonstrated that a double colour labelling technique which uses rubeanic acid to precipitate nickel and cobalt ions within neurones (Quicke & Brace, 1979), yields complexes which may be intensified using Timm's silver method, thus allowing the subsequent appreciation of fine dendritic and axonal morphology. The resolution of neural architecture appears comparable to that revealed by the intensification of ammonium sulphide treated preparations.

Space-time symmetry restrictions on transport coefficients

A method is described of avoiding the disputed use of the antiunitary operations of the double colour groups when restricting transport property tensors. The method extends the area of applicability of the tensors used and readily displays the symmetry and particularization of contributing effects.

An Improved Microsurgical Ceiling-Mounted Unit and Automated Television

To increase the versatility of a ceiling-mounted microsurgical unit, we instructed an instrument company to redesign an existant unit according to our requirements. The modified instrument has improved microscope supporting arms capable of supporting an inserted X-Y translation stage. The unit houses diathermy, cautery, fiberoptic light source, and suction devices. Most of these devices can be exchanged for other to adapt to individual requirements. Mirror image design increases versatility. Floor-mounted outlets avoid a multitude of cables. A double color television system for automatic recording of surgery has been installed.

The effect of thermal processing on PVC—I. Chemical and physical changes in unstabilized PVC

Unstabilized PVC processed at 170 and 210°C was found to undergo immediate mechano-chemically induced thermal oxidation with the formation of unsaturation and peroxides. The peroxides were partially in the form of cross-links between polymer molecules at this stage and were manifested in the form of solvent insoluble gel. Conjugated double bonds and colour formation both increased linearly with time. The evidence suggests that the initial mechano-chemical process sensitizes the polymer to subsequent thermal degradation.

Optical properties of magnetic crystals

From symmetry considerations and using generalized Onsager relations, it is shown that 66 of the 90 magnetic classes, consisting of 29 single colour and 37 double colour ones, can exhibit what may be called the strain gyrotropic rotation. Similarly, 69 of the 90 magnetic classes, consisting of 21 single colour and 48 double colour ones, can exhibit what may be called the strain gyrotropic birefringence. A crystal in the class m3 or m3m is interesting as it can exhibit strain gyrotropic rotation despite its being cubic and incapable of exhibiting gyrotropic rotation in the unstressed state. Similarly, a crystal in the classm3m, is interesting as it can exhibit strain gyrotropic birefringence despite its being cubic and incapable of exhibiting gyrotropic birefringence in the unstressed state.

Opponent color cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus.

A microelectrode survey of the cat lateral geniculate has uncovered an infrequent new type of lateral geniculate cell in layer B with "on" center responses to short wavelengths and "off" center responses to long wavelengths. The short wavelength responses are mediated by cones with peak sensitivity at about 450 nanometers, and the long wavelength responses by cones with peak sensitivity at 556 nanometers. Two of double opponent color cells also had double opponent features.

Birefringence and optical activity in magnetic crystals

From symmetry considerations and using genera-lized Onsager relations, it is shown that all the 31 pyromagnetic crystal classes, consisting of 13 single and 18 double colour ones, can exhibit a Faraday type optical rotation called the gyrotropic rotation. Similarly, 66 of the 90 magnetic classes, consisting of 20 single and 46 double colour ones, can exhibit what may be called the gyrotrop i c birefringence. A crystal in the class 43m or m 3m is interesting as it can exhibit birefringence of this special type despite its being cubic.

A Method of Obtaining the Advantages of I and Q Detection with Direct or Color Difference Type Demodulators

A system for transforming the NTSC color signal into a double sideband subcarrier signal is described in this paper. The system operates to restore the lost upper sidebands of the signal by modulating a double frequency color carrier with the I information. The system has the advantage of being applicable to direct color decoders.

Development of Eye Colors in Drosophila: Fat Bodies and Malpighian Tubes as Sources of Diffusible Substances

From the work of Ephrussi and Beadle (see Ephrussi and Beadle [1] and Beadle and Ephrussi [2] for summaries) it is known that three diffusible substances are involved in the production of wild type eye color in Drosophila melanogaster. This paper is concerned with the normal sources of two of these, v+ and cn+ substances. Under certain conditions of genetic constitution these two substances may be produced by eye tissue itself [1,2]. Sturtevant's studies of mosaics of D. simulans indicated that v+ substance must have another normal source in the fly [3]; and it has been supposed, but not proved, that this was likewise true of cn+ substance. Tests for the production of v+ and cn+ substances by a given organ can be made conveniently by transplanting the organ in question into gentically vermilion (v) and cinnabar (cn) flies, respectively. Such tests can be made in the late larval stages as shown by positive results from certain eye transplants made at this time [1,2]. In practice, tests for these substances are more sensitive if test animals carrying an eye color dilution gene are used. The double recessive apricot vermilion (wa v) and apricot cinnabar (wa; cn) have been used extensively. In many of the tests reported here, vermilion brown (v; bw) and cinnabar brown (cn bw) are used. All of these double recessive eye colors are very light; there is only, at the most, a tinge of color. A positive test is indicated by a modification in the direction of apricot or brown; the maximum change is represented by phenotypes as dark as apricot or brown. In preliminary tests, effects are roughly graded as strong, medium, weak or none: Strong represents a complete or nearly complete change. In certain experiments an attempt was made to use a system of numerical grades.

Biology of the tubercle bacillus

Long before the discovery of the pathogen tbc, botanists used a double color: they stained their preparations with an alkaline or alcoholic solution of methylene blue, and then again with an aqueous solution of Vesuvine. He was also aware of the fact that sometimes, with such a double stain, some parts of the preparation from the plant parenchyma lose their blue color and are colored in the color of Vesuvine.