Double Chains Research Articles

Cr5.7Si2.3P8N24-A Chromium(+IV) Nitridosilicate Phosphate with Amphibole-Type Structure.

The first nitridic analog of an amphibole mineral, the quaternary nitridosilicate phosphate Cr5.7Si2.3P8N24 was synthesized under high-pressure high-temperature conditions at 1400 °C and 12 GPa from the binary nitrides Cr2N, Si3N4 and P3N5, using NH4N3 and NH4F as additional nitrogen source and mineralizing agent, respectively. The crystal structure was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with microfocused synchrotron radiation (C2/m, a=9.6002(19), b=17.107(3), c=4.8530(10) Å, β=109.65(3)°). The elemental composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structure consists of vertex-sharing PN4-tetrahedra forming zweier double chains and edge-sharing (Si,Cr)-centered octahedra forming separated ribbons. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy shows ordered Si and Cr sites next to a disordered Si/Cr site. Optical spectroscopy indicates a band gap of 2.1 eV. Susceptibility measurements show paramagnetic behavior and support the oxidation state Cr+IV, which is confirmed by EPR. The comprehensive analysis expands the field of Cr-N chemistry and provides access to a nitride analog of one of the most prevalent silicate structures.

Cr5.7Si2.3P8N24—A Chromium(+IV) Nitridosilicate Phosphate with Amphibole‐Type Structure

AbstractThe first nitridic analog of an amphibole mineral, the quaternary nitridosilicate phosphate Cr5.7Si2.3P8N24 was synthesized under high‐pressure high‐temperature conditions at 1400 °C and 12 GPa from the binary nitrides Cr2N, Si3N4 and P3N5, using NH4N3 and NH4F as additional nitrogen source and mineralizing agent, respectively. The crystal structure was elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction with microfocused synchrotron radiation (C2/m, a=9.6002(19), b=17.107(3), c=4.8530(10) Å, β=109.65(3)°). The elemental composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The structure consists of vertex‐sharing PN4‐tetrahedra forming zweier double chains and edge‐sharing (Si,Cr)‐centered octahedra forming separated ribbons. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy shows ordered Si and Cr sites next to a disordered Si/Cr site. Optical spectroscopy indicates a band gap of 2.1 eV. Susceptibility measurements show paramagnetic behavior and support the oxidation state Cr+IV, which is confirmed by EPR. The comprehensive analysis expands the field of Cr−N chemistry and provides access to a nitride analog of one of the most prevalent silicate structures.

Phonon modes controlled by primary chemical structure of partially fluorinated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) revealed by multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (MAIRS).

Partially fluorinated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholines (DMPCs) involving double alkyl chains are employed to control the phonon generation in thin films, which is examined by infrared (IR) spectroscopy coupled with multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (MAIRS). technique. Compounds having perfluoroalkyl (Rf) chains are known to exhibit phonon bands in IR spectra because of the strong dipole-dipole interactions. Since the phonon bands of an organic matter have a similar shape to the normal absorption bands, however, recognition of the phonon modes is difficult and confusing for IR spectroscopists. Here, we show that MAIRS works out for finding phonon modes in monolayers: the Berreman shift is readily captured by the MAIRS in-plane and out-of-plane (OP) spectra. By measuring the longitudinal-optic (LO) energy-loss function spectrum of a bulk sample, the degree of molecular aggregation in the monolayer is also revealed by comparing the OP spectrum of the monolayer to the LO one. In addition, partially fluorinated DMPC compounds having both hydrocarbon and Rf chains are prepared, and they are used to obstruct the self-aggregation of the Rf groups in the film. As a result, the phonon characteristics are mostly lost in the MAIRS spectra as expected.

Dehydroxylation and structural transition in α-GaOOH investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

Ga2O3 is an ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductor that is receiving considerable attention due to its promising applications in high-frequency, high-power and high-temperature settings. It can be prepared by calcinating the α-GaOOH phase at high temperatures. Understanding the significance of hydroxyl groups in α-GaOOH, dehydroxylation and the structural transition at high temperatures has become a key aspect of preparing high-quality α-Ga2O3 crystals, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this research, α-GaOOH nanorods were hydrothermally synthesized and the structural evolution of α-GaOOH investigated at high temperatures by in situ X-ray diffraction. The hydroxyl group in α-GaOOH squeezes Ga3+ from the center of the [GaO6] octahedron, resulting in deformed [GaO6] octahedra and significant microstrain in α-GaOOH. The hydroxyl groups are peeled off from α-GaOOH when the temperature exceeds 200°C, resulting in contraction along the c-axis direction and expansion along the a-axis direction of α-GaOOH. When the temperature exceeds 300°C, the Ga—O bond inside the double chains preferentially breaks to generate square-wave-like octahedron chains, and the neighboring chains repack to form hexagonal-like octahedron layers. The octahedron layers are packed up and down by electrostatic interaction to generate the α-Ga2O3 structure. This work highlights the role of hydroxyl groups in α-GaOOH, dehydroxylation and the structural transition on the atomic scale, providing valuable guidelines for the fabrication of high-quality α-Ga2O3 crystals.

4-(2-Aminoethyl)morpholine-κ2N,N']di-bromidocadmium(II): synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

The title compound, [CdBr2(C6H14N2O)], was synthesized upon complexation of 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine and cadmium(II) bromide tetra-hydrate at 303 K. It crystallizes as a centrosymmetric dimer, with one cadmium atom, two bromine atoms and one N,N'-bidentate 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine ligand in the asymmetric unit. The metal atom is six-coordinated and has a distorted octa-hedral geometry. In the crystal, O⋯Cd inter-actions link the dimers into a polymeric double chain and inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form R 2 2(6) ring motifs. Further C-H⋯Br and N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds link the components into a three-dimensional network. As the N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds are shorter than the C-H⋯Br inter-actions, they have a larger effect on the packing. A Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals that the largest contributions to the packing are from H⋯H (46.1%) and Br⋯H/H⋯Br (38.9%) inter-actions with smaller contributions from the O⋯H/H⋯O (4.7%), Br⋯Cd/Cd⋯Br (4.4%), O⋯Cd/Cd⋯O (3.5%), Br⋯Br (1.1%), Cd⋯H/H⋯Cd (0.9%), Br⋯O/O⋯Br (0.3%) and O⋯N/N⋯O (0.1%) contacts.

Selective and Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Formate on Copper Electrodes Modified by Cationic Gemini Surfactants

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is a promising strategy to mitigate energy and environmental problems. However, it usually suffers from unsatisfactory selectivity for a single product and inadequate electrochemical stability. Herein, we report the first work to use cationic Gemini surfactants as modifiers to boost CO2 electroreduction to formate. The selectivity, activity and stability of the catalysts can be all significantly enhanced by Gemini surfactant modification. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) of formate could reach up to 96 %, and the energy efficiency (EE) could achieve 71 % over the Gemini surfactants modified Cu electrode. In addition, the Gemini surfactants modified commercial Bi2O3 nanosheets also showed an excellent catalytic performance, and the FE of formate reached 91 % with a current density of 510 mA cm−2 using the flow cell. Detailed studies demonstrated that the double quaternary ammonium cations and alkyl chains of the Gemini surfactants played a crucial role in boosting electroreduction CO2, which can not only stabilize the key intermediate HCOO* but also provide an easy access for CO2. These observations could shine light on the rational design of organic modifiers for promoted CO2 electroreduction.

Selective and Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Formate on Copper Electrodes Modified by Cationic Gemini Surfactants.

Electroreduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is a promising strategy to mitigate energy and environmental problems. However, it usually suffers from unsatisfactory selectivity for a single product and inadequate electrochemical stability. Herein, we report the first work to use cationic Gemini surfactants as modifiers to boost CO2 electroreduction to formate. The selectivity, activity and stability of the catalysts can be all significantly enhanced by Gemini surfactant modification. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) of formate could reach up to 96 %, and the energy efficiency (EE) could achieve 71 % over the Gemini surfactants modified Cu electrode. In addition, the Gemini surfactants modified commercial Bi2 O3 nanosheets also showed an excellent catalytic performance, and the FE of formate reached 91 % with a current density of 510 mA cm-2 using the flow cell. Detailed studies demonstrated that the double quaternary ammonium cations and alkyl chains of the Gemini surfactants played a crucial role in boosting electroreduction CO2 , which can not only stabilize the key intermediate HCOO* but also provide an easy access for CO2 . These observations could shine light on the rational design of organic modifiers for promoted CO2 electroreduction.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Metal Halides [(CH3)3SO]M2I3 (M = Cu and Ag).

Recently, all-inorganic copper(I) metal halides have emerged as promising optical materials due to their high light emission efficiencies. This work details the crystal structure of the two hybrid organic-inorganic metal halides [(CH3)3SO]M2I3 (M = Cu and Ag) and their alloyed derivatives [(CH3)3SO]Cu2-xAgxI3 (x = 0.2; 1.25), which were obtained by incorporating trimethylsulfoxonium organic cation (CH3)3SO+ in place of Cs+ in the yellow-emitting all-inorganic CsCu2I3. These compounds are isostructural and centrosymmetric with the space group Pnma, featuring one-dimensional edge-sharing [M2I3]- anionic double chains separated by rows of (CH3)3SO+ cations. Based on density functional theory calculations, the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of [(CH3)3SO]M2I3 (M = Cu and Ag) are dominated by the Cu or Ag d and I p orbitals, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) are Cu or Ag s and I p orbitals. [(CH3)3SO]Cu2I3 single crystals exhibit a semiconductor resistivity of 9.94 × 109 Ω·cm. Furthermore, a prototype [(CH3)3SO]Cu2I3 single-crystal-based X-ray detector with a detection sensitivity of 200.54 uCGy-1 cm-2 (at electrical field E = 41.67 V/mm) was fabricated, indicating the potential use of [(CH3)3SO]Cu2I3 for radiation detection applications.

Synthesis and crystal structure of a cadmium(II) coordination polymer based on 4,4′-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)dibenzoate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, catena-poly[[[aquabis(pyridine-κN)cadmium(II)]-μ2-4,4′-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)dibenzoato-κ4 O,O′:O′′,O′′′] 4.5-hydrate], {[Cd(C16H9N3O4)(C5H5N)2(H2O)]·4.5H2O} n or {[Cd(bct)(py)2(H2O)]·4.5H2O} n (I), consists of a Cd2+ cation coordinated to one bct2– carboxylate dianion, two molecules of pyridine and a water molecule as well as four and a half water molecules of crystallization. The metal ion in I possesses a pentagonal–bipyramidal environment with the four O atoms of the two bidentately coordinated carboxylate groups and the N atom of a pyridine molecule forming the O4N equatorial plane, while the N atom of another pyridine ligand and the O atom of the water molecule occupy the axial positions. The bct2– bridging ligand connects two metal ions via its carboxylic groups, resulting in the formation of a parallel linear polymeric chain running along the [1\overline{1}1] direction. The coordinated water molecule of one chain forms a strong O—H...O hydrogen bond with the carboxylate O atom of a neighboring chain, leading to the formation of double chains with a closest distance of 5.425 (7) Å between the cadmium ions belonging to different chains. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions between the benzene fragments of the anions as well as between the coordinated pyridine molecules belonging to different chains results in the formation of sheets oriented parallel to the (\overline{1}01) plane. As a result of hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the water molecules of crystallization, the sheets are joined together in a three-dimensional network.

Lattice dynamics and elastic waves scattering by surrogate atoms in quasi-one dimensional atomic assemblies

An analytical and numerical formalism is developed to study the influence of the various positions of substitution atoms B on the scattering and transmission vibration modes in quasi-1D monatomic structures A. The matching technique is employed to calculate the dynamical properties and transmittance spectra of two substituted atomic sites. The theoretical formalism gives a complete description of the lattice dynamics and the vibration-waves propagation in the presence of the impurity sites. Numerical calculations are performed for three different positions of the two substituted atoms B in the low-dimensional structure consisting of double monatomic parallel chains. First, we examine the position where the two B atoms are adjacent in the y-direction, afterwards, we place the two sites side by side in the x-direction. Lastly, the two sites are placed in oblique configuration. The obtained results show that phonons associated to the inhomogeneous structures are strongly dependent on the scattering frequency, elastic force parameters and the position of the atomic substituted sites. In the three considered positions, the presence of the B atoms gives rise to localized vibration effects. The fluctuations observed in the vibration spectra are related to resonances due to the coherent coupling between travelling phonons and the localized vibration modes in the neighborhood of the impurity sites.

Synthesis, structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-oxo-2H-chromen-6-yl 4-tert-butylbenzoate: work carried out as part of the AFRAMED project

In the title compound, C20H18O4, the dihedral angle between the 2H-chromen-2-one ring system and the phenyl ring is 89.12 (5)°. In the crystal, the molecules are connected through C—H...O hydrogen bonds to generate [010] double chains that are reinforced by weak aromatic π–π stacking interactions. The unit-cell packing can be described as a tilted herringbone motif. The H...H, H...O/O...H, H...C/C...H and C...C contacts contribute 46.7, 24.2, 16.7 and 7.6%, respectively, to its Hirshfeld surface.

A viral insulin-like peptide inhibits IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation and regulates IGF1R gene expression

ObjectiveThe insulin/IGF superfamily is conserved across vertebrates and invertebrates. Our team has identified five viruses containing genes encoding viral insulin/IGF-1 like peptides (VILPs) closely resembling human insulin and IGF-1. This study aims to characterize the impact of Mandarin fish ranavirus (MFRV) and Lymphocystis disease virus-Sa (LCDV-Sa) VILPs on the insulin/IGF system for the first time. MethodsWe chemically synthesized single chain (sc, IGF-1 like) and double chain (dc, insulin like) forms of MFRV and LCDV-Sa VILPs. Using cell lines overexpressing either human insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A), isoform B (IR-B) or IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), and AML12 murine hepatocytes, we characterized receptor binding, insulin/IGF signaling. We further characterized the VILPs’ effects of proliferation and IGF1R and IR gene expression, and compared them to native ligands. Additionally, we performed insulin tolerance test in CB57BL/6 J mice to examine in vivo effects of VILPs on blood glucose levels. Finally, we employed cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) to analyze the structure of scMFRV-VILP in complex with the IGF1R ectodomain. ResultsVILPs can bind to human IR and IGF1R, stimulate receptor autophosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways. Notably, scMFRV-VILP exhibited a particularly strong affinity for IGF1R, with a mere 10-fold decrease compared to human IGF-1. At high concentrations, scMFRV-VILP selectively reduced IGF-1 stimulated IGF1R autophosphorylation and Erk phosphorylation (Ras/MAPK pathway), while leaving Akt phosphorylation (PI3K/Akt pathway) unaffected, indicating a potential biased inhibitory function. Prolonged exposure to MFRV-VILP led to a significant decrease in IGF1R gene expression in IGF1R overexpressing cells and AML12 hepatocytes. Furthermore, insulin tolerance test revealed scMFRV-VILP's sustained glucose-lowering effect compared to insulin and IGF-1. Finally, cryo-EM analysis revealed that scMFRV-VILP engages with IGF1R in a manner closely resembling IGF-1 binding, resulting in a highly analogous structure. ConclusionsThis study introduces MFRV and LCDV-Sa VILPs as novel members of the insulin/IGF superfamily. Particularly, scMFRV-VILP exhibits a biased inhibitory effect on IGF1R signaling at high concentrations, selectively inhibiting IGF-1 stimulated IGF1R autophosphorylation and Erk phosphorylation, without affecting Akt phosphorylation. In addition, MFRV-VILP specifically regulates IGF-1R gene expression and IGF1R protein levels without affecting IR. CryoEM analysis confirms that scMFRV-VILP’ binding to IGF1R is mirroring the interaction pattern observed with IGF-1. These findings offer valuable insights into IGF1R action and inhibition, suggesting potential applications in development of IGF1R specific inhibitors and advancing long-lasting insulins.

Clar covering polynomials of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

<abstract><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a compound composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Chemically, large PAHs contain at least two benzene rings and exist in a linear, cluster, or angular arrangement. Hexagonal systems are a typical class of PAHs. The Clar covering polynomial of hexagonal systems contains many important topological properties of condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, such as Kekulé number, Clar number, first Herndon number, which is an important theoretical quantity for predicting the aromatic stability of PAH conjugation systems, and so on. In this paper, we first obtained some recursive formulae for the Clar covering polynomials of double hexagonal chains and proposed a Matlab algorithm to compute the Clar covering polynomial of any double hexagonal chain. Moreover, we presented the characterization of extremal double hexagonal chains with maximum and minimum Clar covering polynomials in all double hexagonal chains with fixed $ s $ naphthalenes.</p></abstract>

New cyanido-bridged iron(II) spin crossover coordination polymers with an unusual ladder-like topology: an alternative to Hofmann clathrates.

Two new cyanido-bridged {FeIIMII} double chains were obtained by reacting cyanido anions [M(CN)4]2- with complex cations [FeII(tptz)]2+ (preformed in situ by mixing a hydrated tetrafluoroborate salt of iron(II) and a tptz ligand, tptz = 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) having the general formula [FeII(tptz)MII(CN)4]·2H2O·CH3CN, where M = Pd (1) or Pt (2). Additionally, two molecular complexes formulated as [FeII(tptz)2][MII(CN)4]·4.25H2O, where M = Pd (3) or Pt (4), were subsequently obtained from the same reaction, as secondary products. Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that 1 and 2 are isostructural and crystallize in the P-1 triclinic space group. Their structure consists of a double-chain with a ladder-like topology, in which cyanido-based [M(CN)4]2- metalloligands coordinate, through three CN- ligands and three [FeII(tptz)]2+ complex cations. Compounds 3 and 4 are also isostructural and crystallize in the P1̄ triclinic space group, and the X-ray structural data show the formation of [FeII(tptz)2]2+ and [MII(CN)4]2- ionic units interconnected through H-bonds and π⋯π stacking supramolecular interactions. The static DC magnetic measurements recorded in the temperature range of 2-300 K showed that 1 and 2 exhibit incomplete spin transition on cooling, which is also confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Compounds 3 and 4 are diamagnetic, most likely due to the encapsulation of Fe(II) in a tight pocket formed by two tptz ligands that preserve the low-spin state in the temperature range of 2-400 K.

Fatty acid isomerism: analysis and selected biological functions.

The biological functions of fatty acids and the lipids in which they are esterified are determined by their chain length, double bond position and geometry and other structural motifs such as the presence of methyl branches. Unusual isomeric features in fatty acids of human foods such as conjugated double bonds or chain branching found in dairy products, some seeds and nuts, and marine foods potentially have important effects on human health. Recent advancements in identifying fatty acids with unusual double bond positions and pinpointing the position of methyl branches have empowered the study of their biological functions. We present recent advances in fatty acid structural elucidation by mass spectrometry in comparison with the more traditional methods. The double bond position can be determined by purely instrumental methods, specifically solvent-mediated covalent adduct chemical ionization (SM-CACI) and ozone induced dissociation (OzID), with charge inversion methods showing promise. Prior derivatization using the Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction to yield stable structures that, upon collisional activation, yield the double bond position has emerged. The chemical ionization (CI) based three ion monitoring (MRM) method has been developed to simultaneously identify and quantify low-level branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs), unattainable by electron ionization (EI) based methods. Accurate identification and quantification of unusual fatty acid isomers has led to research progress in the discovery of biomarkers for cancer, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis. Modulation of eicosanoids, weight loss and the health significance of BCFAs are also presented. This review clearly shows that the improvement of analytical capacity is critical in the study of fatty acid biological functions, and stronger coupling of the methods discussed here with fatty acid mechanistic research is promising in generating more refined outcomes.

Lipid sulfoxide polymers as potential inhalable drug delivery platforms with differential albumin binding affinity.

Inhalable nanomedicines are increasingly being developed to optimise the pharmaceutical treatment of respiratory diseases. Large lipid-based nanosystems at the forefront of the inhalable nanomedicines development pipeline, though, have a number of limitations. The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate the utility of novel small lipidated sulfoxide polymers based on poly(2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl acrylate) (PMSEA) as inhalable drug delivery platforms with tuneable membrane permeability imparted by differential albumin binding kinetics. Linear PMSEA (5 kDa) was used as a hydrophilic polymer backbone with excellent anti-fouling and stealth properties compared to poly(ethylene glycol). Terminal lipids comprising single (1C2, 1C12) or double (2C12) chain diglycerides were installed to provide differing affinities for albumin and, by extension, albumin trafficking pathways in the lungs. Albumin binding kinetics, cytotoxicity, lung mucus penetration and cellular uptake and permeability through key cellular barriers in the lungs were examined in vitro. The polymers showed good mucus penetration and no cytotoxicity over 24 h at up to 1 mg ml-1. While 1C2-showed no interaction with albumin, 1C12-PMSEA and 2C12-PMSEA bound albumin with KD values of approximately 76 and 10 μM, respectively. Despite binding to albumin, 2C12-PMSEA showed reduced cell uptake and membrane permeability compared to the smaller polymers and the presence of albumin had little effect on cell uptake and membrane permeability. While PMSEA strongly shielded these lipids from albumin, the data suggest that there is scope to tune the lipid component of these systems to control membrane permeability and cellular interactions in the lungs to tailor drug disposition in the lungs.

Nanopore sensitization based on a double loop hybridization chain reaction and G-quadruplex.

The widespread implementation of solid-state nanopores faces challenges such as lower resolution and increased electrical noise when compared to biological nanopores. Incorporating specific nucleic acid reactions can enhance resolution. In this study, we've developed a nucleic acid amplifier to enhance the sensitivity of solid-state nanopores, utilizing a G-rich sequence and hybridization chain reaction. This amplifier improves target concentration and volume amplification, showing promise in nanopore sensitivity tests.

A food safety traceability system based on trusted double chain

A food safety traceability system based on trusted double chain

Ladder-like heteropolynuclear assemblies via cyanido bridges and platinum(II)-thallium(I) bonds: structural and photophysical properties.

We describe the mononuclear anionic cyanido-pentafluorophenyl complexes, (NBu4)[Pt(C^N)(C6F5)(CN)] [C^N = 7,8-benzoquinolate (bzq) 1, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridinate (dfppy) 2] and the heteropolynuclear derivatives [{Pt(C^N)(C6F5)(CN)}Tl] (C^N = bzq 3, dfppy 4). These complexes were synthesized via a two-step modular synthesis by reaction of the corresponding potassium salts K[Pt(C^N)(C6F5)(CN)], prepared in situ from [Pt(C^N)(C6F5)(DMSO)] and KCN in acetone/H2O, with TlPF6. The structures of {[Pt(bzq)(C6F5)(CN)Tl]·THF}n (3·THF)n and [{Pt(dfppy)(C6F5)(CN)}Tl]4·dioxane [4]4·dioxane, determined by X-ray crystallography, confirm the presence of Pt(II)-Tl(I) bonds [2.9795(6)-3.0736(3) Å], but in the dfppy complex, the incorporation of dioxane, causes a significant structural change. Thus, whereas [3·THF]n achieves a bent-ladder shape extended double chain Tl⋯[Pt⋯Tl]n⋯Pt supported by lateral bridging [Pt](μ-CN)[Tl] ligands, [4]4·dioxane is formed by discrete Pt4Tl4 rectangular aggregates stabilized by [Pt](μ-CN)[Tl] and Pt⋯Tl bonds, which are connected by dioxane bridging molecules through Tl⋯O(dioxane) additional contacts. Solid state emissions are redshifted compared with the mononuclear derivatives 1 and 2 and have been assigned, with the support of theoretical calculations on Pt4Tl4 models, to metal-metal'-to-ligand charge transfer (3MM'LCT [d/s σ*(Pt, Tl) → π*(C^N)]) for 3 and mixed 3MM'LCT/3IL for 4. In fluid THF solution, the complexes are not emissive. At 77 K, 3 and 4 exhibit bright emissions attributed to the formation of bimetallic [{Pt(C^N)(C6F5)(CN)}Tl(THF)x], and anionic [Pt(C^N)(C6F5)(CN)]- fragments. Furthermore, both 3 and 4 exhibit a reversible mechanochromism with a red shift of the emissions upon crushing, suggesting some degree of shortening of metal-metal separation. Finally, complex 3 shows solvatochromic behavior with color/luminescence changes by treatment with a drop of MeOH, CH2Cl2, THF or Et2O, with shifts from 583 in 3-MeOH to 639 nm in 3-THF. However, 4 only demonstrates a bathochromic response to MeOH.

Symbolic Expression of Bungong Mata Uroe in the Interior Craftwork of the Living Room

Bungong mata uroe is the name for the sunflower plant by people of Aceh, the represented in the form of a sunflower which has beautiful blooming petals and is bright yellow in color with the meaning of loyalty and beauty making the artist interested in visualizing bungong mata uroe into the interior of the family room.The concept used in the creation of works uses the concept of symbolic expression, namely modern art forms that utilize traditional idioms as the basic elements of the creation. The creation method uses four stages, including the pre-design stages, the design stage, the embodiment stage and the presentation stage.In the creation of this final project, the artist expresses the bungong mata uroe which are applied to interior family room products, including corner table mats, wall hangings, mirrors, pillowcases, table mats and window curtains. This work is used to decorate or decorate family rooms as well as to reintroduce the bungong mata uroe shape with a knitting technique that combines two stitching techniques, namely double stitch and chain stitch.