Double-base Research Articles

Divertimento Sextet

In 2000, I took part in a project performing all of W.A. Mozart’s (1756-1791) Salzburg divertimentos for strings and winds in the quaint town of Delft in the Netherlands. In attempting to keep true to authentic performance practices we played on period instruments with one player to a part and most significantly the bass line was to be performed solely on the double bass; thus, no cello and no cello/double bass doubling of the bass line.1 Some of my colleagues involved in this project found this to be quite a ‘radical’ idea, for in chamber music settings many musicians are accustomed to the cello as the bass instrument of choice, and depending on the repertoire, a double bass might double the line, but double bass alone…impossible! Indeed most recordings I have heard of these pieces have been performed by a chamber orchestra or as chamber music with the bass line performed by a cello and double bass.

Agency, Social Organization, and the Musical Practices of Jazz Bass Players in Australia

The democratic and agentic social meanings of jazz and improvisation have been widely understood in relation to US history; however, performing jazz musicians’ everyday experiences cannot necessarily be understood in the same way. Performing in jazz ensembles is a complicated experience, one in which musical roles are negotiated, restricted, or liberated, sometimes in the course of performance as a form of improvisation and at other times in the rehearsal work that surrounds such events. As such, the everyday experience of a musician’s career can significantly affect the social encoding of appropriate musical performance practices associated with the instrument and its role in the ensemble. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted with jazz double bass players in Australia, this article uses this global location as a case study to explore the social expectations that affect the musical practices of bass players when working as accompanists. The article examines this side-person role, its benefits, pitfalls, and practical realities, suggesting that the relationship between the musical practices, ensemble hierarchies, and social meanings of jazz and improvisation is contingent on context. I argue that what governs the way the bass players in this case study perform is a duality of economic imperative and creative desire.

Investigation of the Effect of Axial Gap on the Mechanical Response of a Cartridge-Loaded CMDB Propellant Grain under Vibration Loads

In this study, the effect of the axial gap on the mechanical response of a cartridge-loaded propellant grain under vibration loads is investigated. The wide strain rate range of uniaxial compression tests ( 1.7 × 10 − 3 ~ 4 × 10 3 s − 1 ) on the composite modified double base (CMDB) propellant was carried out by using a universal testing machine, a hydraulic testing machine, and a split Hopkinson pressure bar system, respectively. A linear viscoelastic constitutive model of the CMDB propellant was developed by using the experimental measurements. The results show the studied CMDB propellant has a strong strain rate dependence, exhibiting an initial linear elasticity followed by a strain hardening region. The dynamic process of collision between the propellant grain and the motor case in the axial direction induced by vibration loads was simulated with the developed constitutive model by using the finite element method. The effects of the gap size between the propellant grain and the case and the vibration frequency on the mechanical response of the grain were studied. This shows that with a constant vibration frequency, the stress of the grain increases first and then decreases with increasing gap size. Moreover, the stress increases with increasing vibration loads.

Innovative Aspects in the Art of Playing the Double Bass of Jazz in the 20th Century

The article is dedicated to the development of the art of jazz double bass playing during the twentieth century, being based on the interpretive analysis of historical recordings of some great names of jazz bassists: Walter Page, John Kirby, Jimmie Lunceford, Jimmie Blanton, Oscar Pettiford Ray Brown, Charles Mingus, Red Mitchell etc.. The influence of new technologies on the spread of musical genres in the twentieth century has been reviewed. The aspects of the development of interpretive procedures in jazz bass music were also approached, namely the establishment of classical performance standards for the jazz period. It examines the development, implementation, and completion of the function of the timekeeper, metric and harmonic guide over the structure of the piece performed in bebop from 1940 to 1950. Frequent use of the pizzicato technique and the use of the full double bass tuning fork. Performed on the bass lines in melodic and rhythmic counterpoint to the other melodic lines, developing a distinct accompaniment, which has become an integral part of the jazz tradition. The author highlights the most important innovations brought by them, focusing on evolutionary of cultural and historical contexts, the bands of different periods and styles of jazz, from classical jazz to bebop and contemporary period.

Development of high burn rate propellant and testing in miniature rocket motor for control applications

For aerospace vehicles, notably missiles or satellites for attitude and divert control, impulsive thrusters are most desirable if they are quantized as exact instantaneous pulses available over and after extended periods of inactive storage. These thrusters operate for a few milliseconds (ms), typically between 10 ms to 100 ms duration. Compared to its liquid or gaseous counterpart, an impulsive thruster powered by solid propellants is a simple, and reliable solution. Therefore, they are suitable as reaction control systems and divert thrusters for satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle applications.A typical solid propellant would need an extremely thin web thickness for port burning arrangement due to its brief burn duration, which makes propellant manufacturing and its structural anchoring in motor challenging. A high burn rate and high-density propellant based on ammonium perchlorate, aluminum, and Teflon is processed to enable end-burning configuration thus solving the problems, simplifying propellant manufacturing, structural design and integration. It also permits stacking propellants for multi-pulse applications. The high burn rate (40 mm/s at 120 bar pressure) propellant is formulated and tested for ballistic performance evaluation in proof motor configuration, and evaluation of its advantages over conventional propellant. A case of identical design requirements with both double base propellant and high burn rate pressed propellant is compared, tested and evaluated to compare the relative performance merits. The volumetric load is increased from 47% to 82% due to the development and adoption of high burn rate propellant. The overall weight of the thruster is also reduced by 20%.

What is Measured in National Accounts?

Most statistical agencies construct sectoral real GDP using double deflation and base period prices. When the base period price used for intermediate inputs is not equal to their marginal revenue product, such as when firms apply a markup, real GDP fluctuations become mechanically linked to variations in intermediate inputs. This is because these inputs generate profits that are incorporated into real value added. Taking this channel into account, we demonstrate that real GDP reported in national accounts substantially diverges from a theory-consistent "physical" value added. This, in turn, has implications for the measurement of productivity. Between 1999 and 2021, "physical" productivity cumulative growth in the Finance sector was 15pp lower compared to the Solow Residual, while it was 15pp higher in the Manufacturing sector.

Preparation of HMX@DHBA-Pb and HMX@NTO-Pb composites via in situ deposition: A way to achieve surface catalysis of HMX

In order to ameliorate the combustion properties of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX) based composite modified double base (CMDB) propellants, HMX particles with many gullies are first prepared, and then 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) are used to react with lead via in situ deposition to coat HMX for preparing HMX@DHBA-Pb and HMX@NTO-Pb composites. The structures and properties of HMX@DHBA-Pb and HMX@NTO-Pb composites are characterized in detail. The characterization results show that DHBA-Pb and NTO-Pb shells are uniformly coated on HMX surfaces. The chemical structure of HMX maintains constant during in situ deposition coating process. The mechanical and thermal safeties of HMX are enhanced after coating with DHBA-Pb and NTO-Pb shells. The introduce of DHBA-Pb and NTO-Pb can catalyze the decomposition and combustion of HMX core, and the catalytic effects of in situ coating are better than that of physical mixing.

Doppler Ranging Solution Derived Based on the Relationship between Frequency Shift and Path Difference

Based on the mathematical definition of Doppler change rate, a single base Doppler ranging formula based on Doppler shift measurement has been obtained by differential processing. In this paper, the single base Doppler ranging equation is deduced again based on the double base path difference ranging equation and the interchangeable relationship between frequency shift and path difference.

A Doppler Location Method Based on Virtual Path Difference

This paper presents a Doppler passive location method for moving targets with fixed single station using the Doppler frequency shift and time difference information. First, based on the relationship between frequency shift and path difference, the virtual path difference is calculated from the measured value of Doppler frequency shift by means of mean value correction. Then, under the assumption that the target is moving at an average speed along a straight line, two coaxial virtual double base arrays are constructed by using the moving track of the moving target based on the method of fixed period time difference. On this basis, the moving distance of the moving target can be calculated by using the ratio relationship between the frequency difference and the radial distance between the two adjacent detection points in the middle of the array, and the linear solution of the two double base path difference positioning equations. At this point, the relative coordinate position of the moving target can be obtained by directly using the linear solution of the double base path difference positioning equation again.

Abstract 6463: Persistence of smoking mutational signatures in the non-small cell lung cancer genome

Abstract Mutational signatures offer insights into cancer etiology. Smoking tobacco is associated with three signatures involving single base substitutions (SBS4), double base substitutions (DBS2) and insertions/deletions (ID3). Combining mutational signatures with clinical data allows examination of temporal and quantitative aspects of carcinogenic exposures. We analyzed 132 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) whole genomes, sequenced through the 100,000 Genomes Project (Genomics England), with paired clinical data available for 130/132 (98.5%). Clinical data included smoking status, duration, pack-years (py), and duration of smoking cessation. The majority were “ever-smokers” (ex-smokers: 90/130, 69.2%; current smokers: 32/130, 24.6%) and 120/122 (98.4%) had at least one smoking signature. DBS2 was the most sensitive signature for ever-smokers (118/122, 96.7%), although SBS4 was the optimal signature for diagnosing smoking-related NSCLCs (SBS4 positive likelihood ratio 7.15). An absence of ID3 best identified true never smoker NSCLCs (ID3 negative likelihood ratio 0.08). Ever-smokers had a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) than never smokers (median 8.25 mutations/Mb vs 1.18 mutations/Mb, p = <0.0001), while TMB positively correlated with smoking pack-years (p = 0.044). Following smoking cessation, the median length of discontinuation was 11 years before a smoking-related NSCLC was diagnosed and, in some cases, smoking signatures persisted for up to 50 years prior to NSCLC diagnosis. To complement existing epidemiological data, 40 pack years was estimated as a critical cut-off for minimizing ongoing NSCLC risk. Prolonged smoking cessation did not reduce TMB (p = 0.055) or SBS4 mutations (p = 0.11), although this did produce lower DBS2 counts (p = 0.0067). Further signatures observed included SBS92 (previously seen in the bladder urothelium of ever-smokers) and a novel signature hypothesized to be linked to DNA mismatch repair deficiencies. NSCLCs from two patients with prior platinum chemo-radiotherapy harbored signatures of both chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced damage in their recurrent biopsy sample. These results highlight the importance of paired sequencing and clinical data, revealing that smoking-induced DNA damage can have long-lived effects, and strengthening health guidance of abstinence from smoking at the earliest possibility. Citation Format: Colin R. Lindsay, Pantelis Nicola, Andreas Gruber, Kate Brown, Mathew Carter, Helen Adderley, Shereen Rafee, Anna Moss, Andrew Wallace, George Burghel, Helene Schlecht, Katie Baker, Sharzad Moghadam, Jane Rogan, Jamie Weaver, Angeliki Malliri, William Newman, Fiona Blackhall, David Wedge, Genomics England. Persistence of smoking mutational signatures in the non-small cell lung cancer genome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6463.

MXene supported biomimetic bilayer lipid membrane biosensor for zeptomole detection of BRCA1 gene

A biomimetic bilayer lipid membrane supported MXene based biosensor is reported for electrochemical hybridization detection of the most prevalent and potential BC biomarker BRCA1. 2D MXene nanosheet-anchored gold nanoparticle-decorated biomimetic bilayer lipid membrane (AuNP@BLM) biosensor is used for the attachment of thiolated single-stranded DNA (HS-ssDNA) targeting hybridization detection. The interaction of biomimetic bilayer lipid membrane with 2D MXene nanosheets is explored in this work for the first time. The synergistic combination of MXene and AuNP@BLM has proven to efficiently improve the detection signal to several folds. The sensor provides hybridization signals only to the complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence with a linearity range 10 zM to 1µM and LOD of 1 zM without the need of any further amplification. The specificity of the biosensor is validated using non-complementary (ncDNA) and double base mis-match oligonucleotide DNA (dmmDNA) sequences. The sensor successfully distinguishes the signal for different target DNAs with good reproducibility indicated by the RSD value of 4.9%. Hence, we envision that the reported biosensor can be used to construct efficient diagnostic point-of-care tools based on molecular affinity interactions.

Constança Capdeville and the ColecViva Group: Alejandro Erlich Oliva in Interview with Filipa Magalhães

ABSTRACT This article explores the ColecViva activities from the perspective of founding member and double bass player Alejandro Erlich Oliva (b. 1948). The group was founded by the composer Constança Capdeville in 1985 with the aim of performing her music and theatre works and as a pioneering project in Portugal. Interviewed by Filipa Magalhães on two occasions (in 2018 and 2023), Erlich Oliva details the first steps of the group’s actions, discusses the ongoing collaborative work among members of ColecViva, and addresses the ‘pedagogy of deconditioning’ concept that he forged. In the 1980s, Capdeville guided stimulating study programs at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in which Erlich Oliva, as a lecturer, defined the contents within the scope of non-conventional procedures for obtaining sound from the double bass. Capdeville dedicated the music theatre work Amen para uma ausência (1986) for a solo double bass to him. At the composer’s request and in close collaboration with her, Erlich Oliva created the graphic score with specific writing notes for the double bass. This last interview attempts to shed light on his perceptions as a performer.

Thresholding DNA Nanomachine as a Highly Cooperative and Efficient Enzyme-Like System for Controlled RNA Cleavage.

Therapeutic nucleic acid agents (TNA) can be activated by a marker RNA sequence followed by initiation of targeted RNA cleavage. This property can be used in conditional cell suppression, e. g., cancer marker-dependent cell death. However, healthy cells often express lower levels of cancer markers, thus jeopardizing TNA activation exclusively in cancer cells. Earlier, we developed a conditionally activated split deoxyribozyme construct (DNA thresholder or DTh) that can be activated by high but not by low concentrations of cancer markers. It's activity, however, was suppressed by very high marker concentrations. Herein, we combine the DTh functional units in a single DNA association (Thresholding DNA nanomachine or Th-DNM). Th-DNM maintains a high level of RNA cleavage activity in the presence of marker concentrations above the threshold level. Th-DNM differentiated fully complementary miR17 markers sequence from double base mismatched miR-20. Th-DNM can become a building block of DNA nanorobots for cancer treatment.

Study of Energetic Materials of Double Base Propellant for Small Caliber Ammunition

Double Base Propellants (DBP) has been frequently utilized in the fields of rocket propellant and gun propellant. DBP has various advantages over conventional propellants, including easy formulation, high energy, and smokelessness. The research conducted in literature studies was applied by referring to the various energetic materials for DBP. The composition of a DBP consists of energetic raw material of Nitrocellulose (NC) and Nitroglycerin (NG). According to data analysis, NC can be manufactured from the raw material Nata de Coco, which has a nitrogen content of more than 12,5% in NC, which is in line with the levels of conventional military and propellant raw materials. Meanwhile, SMX (1,4-dinitrate-2,3-dinitro-2,3bis (nitratomethylene) butane) or GAP (Glycidyl Azide Polymer) on double-base propellants is suggested as potential alternative energy sources that can be utilized to substitute NG. The choice of new energetic material is influenced by the fact that Nata de Coco is abundant in Indonesia, while SMX and GAP in terms of manufacturing and handling are safety. The several parameters to characterize double-base propellants include thermal analysis, microstructure, surface area, burning rate value, and gaseous product. The results of thermal properties by DSC analysis on a DBP based on NC+NG+TiO2-trifluoroacrylate showed a change in exothermic decomposition at a temperature of 199.2oC. Meanwhile, TGA analysis of a DBP based on NC+NG+GAP showed mass decomposition at temperature 199,3oC. Furthermore, it was found that thermoplastic elastomers GAP have a significant effect on increasing the low-temperature mechanical properties of double-base propellants. As a result, the literature studies approach, which includes consideration of alternative energetic raw materials and characterization for double-base propellants, is the recommendation for obtaining superior performance double-base propellants with energetic materials.

The Granulation Methods of Double Base Propellant for Small Caliber Ammunition: A Review

One of the most essential unit procedures in propellant production is granulation, or particle enlargement through agglomeration. The granulation process transforms small fine or coarse particles into huge agglomerates known as granules. The granulation process converts fine powders into free-flowing, dust-free granules that are easier to compress, affecting propellant grain size. The propellant industry expects produce quality propellant which can increase the performance of weapon. Method of propellant granulation should have optimized in accordance with the size of grain. One of the most active areas of double base propellant research is the development of granulation method. The literature review method was used to obtain data, by using the keywords double base propellant research, and the criteria for granulation method. The data obtained in the form of the results of the development granulation method to produce qualify size grain of propellant to increase performance. The data shows that the method of granulation can be conventional or modern based on development of technology. Production on laboratory scale widely uses sieving or mesh to form granules of propellant. This method widely known as conventional method. Development of technology influence method of granulation in manufacturing propellant, for example extrusion with vertical hydraulic press, ram extruder, screw extruder, and cutting uses rotary cutting machine.

Development of the double bass class at the Paris Conservatoire in 1820-1830s

Development of the double bass class at the Paris Conservatoire in 1820-1830s

The mutational impact of Illudin S on human cells

Illudin S (ILS) is a fungal sesquiterpene secondary metabolite with potent genotoxic and cytotoxic properties. Early genetic studies and more recent genome-wide CRISPR screens showed that Illudin-induced lesions are preferentially repaired by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) with some contribution from post-replication repair pathways. In line with these results, Irofulven, a semi-synthetic ILS analog was recently shown to be particularly effective on cell lines and patient-derived xenografts with impaired NER (e.g. ERCC2/3 mutations), raising hope that ILS-derived molecules may soon enter the clinic. Despite the therapeutic potential of ILS and its analogs, we still lack a global understanding of their mutagenic potential. Here, we characterize the mutational signatures associated with chronic exposure to ILS in human cells. ILS treatment rapidly stalls DNA replication and transcription, leading to the activation of the replication stress response and the accumulation of DNA damage. Novel single and double base substitution signatures as well as a characteristic indel signature indicate that ILS treatment preferentially alkylates purine residues and induces oxidative stress, confirming prior in vitro data. Many mutation contexts exhibit a strong transcriptional strand bias, highlighting the contribution of TC-NER to the repair of ILS lesions. Finally, collateral mutations are also observed in response to ILS, suggesting a contribution of translesion synthesis pathways to ILS tolerance. Accordingly, ILS treatment led to the rapid recruitment of the Y-family DNA polymerase kappa onto chromatin, supporting its preferential use for ILS lesion bypass. Altogether, our work provides the first global assessment of the genomic impact of ILS, demonstrating the contribution of multiple DNA repair pathways to ILS resistance and mutagenicity.

Ameliorating the sensitivities, thermal and combustion properties of RDX by in situ self-assembly TA-Pb/Cu shells to RDX surface

In order to ameliorate the sensitivities, thermal and combustion properties of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), tannic acid (TA) is used to react with lead and copper via in situ self-assembly to coat RDX for preparing RDX@TA-Pb/Cu microcapsules. The structures of RDX@TA-Pb/Cu microcapsules are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). The surface topography of RDX@TA-Pb/Cu microcapsules are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical sensitivities and explosion points of RDX@TA-Pb/Cu microcapsules are measured to study the influence of TA-Pb/Cu shells on mechanical and thermal safeties of RDX. The non-isothermal properties of RDX@TA-Pb/Cu microcapsules are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The catalytic effects of TA-Pb/Cu shells on RDX are characterized by accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC). The residues of RDX@TA-Pb/Cu microcapsules after combustion in air are collected and characterized by SEM and XRD to further study the catalytic effect of TA-Pb/Cu shells. The study results show that a 150 nm TA-Pb/Cu shells are uniformly coated on RDX surfaces. The chemical structure of RDX maintains constant during in situ self-assembly coating process. The mechanical and thermal safeties of RDX are enhanced after coating with TA-Pb/Cu shells. The decomposition and combustion property of RDX can be catalyzed by TA-Pb/Cu, and the catalytic effects of in situ self-assembly coating are better than that of physical mixing. The RDX@TA-Pb/Cu microcapsules can be used in RDX based composite modified double base (CMDB) propellants.

The role of musical component in S. Lifar’s stage conception

Statement of the problem. The role of music in the ballet genre, its relationship with choreographic text remain one of the most controversial in the scientific field. In the situation of the “musical revolutions” of the 20th century, this problem became acute in connection with the renewal of genres, the emancipation of the creative imagination of choreographers who began to use music of any style direction in ballet. Among the interesting innovations of the past, we should point out the concept of free dance by Serge Lifar – a famous dancer, Ukrainian by origin, whose work as choreographer is less covered than the work of his colleagues and contemporaries M. Fokin and G. Balanchin. The purpose of the article is to consider the interaction of musical and choreographic components in the concept of S. Lifar’s ballet performance. For the first time S. Lifar’s creative experiments are considered in the context of the relationship between music and dance with the defining the role of music in the conception of “free dance” that is the innovative idea of this study. Recent research and publications. After the first publication of the leading art critic A. Levinson (Levinson & Lifar, 1934), the materials about S. Lifar appear in French art history with a certain frequency (Prunières, 1935; Gropius & Servane,1947; Hofmann, 1953; Laurent & Sazanova, 1960; Schouvaloff, 1998; Christout & Lefèvre, 2006; Poudru, 2007; Pastori, 2009). In the Ukrainian scientific space, attention to the artist’s figure has been increasing since the late of 1990s (Yu. Stanishevsky in: Lifar, 2007; A. Balabko, 2011). Important for the development of the theme are the books of the dancer himself. In his “Le manifesto du chorégraphe” (Lifar, 1935) the choreographer lays out the understanding of the relationship between music and dance in a ballet performance. Results and conclusion. S. Lifar realized his concept in the ballet “Icarus” (1935). Musically gifted by nature, in his choreographic practice, he unexpectedly proclaims the primacy of choreography, not music (!), which went against the latest trends of the time. The choreographer argued that the composer can use the fixed choreographic text in the same way as the text of a poem for creating music, which will enliven a given rhythmic and dance patterns. A. Honegger in the ballet “Icarus” uses 26 instruments, combines them into five blocks of drums of uniform timbre, supplemented by two double basses, which are also interpreted as percussions, due to the predominance of the col legno technique. The simple in essence rhythm formulas are artfully distributed among the instruments of a percussion ensemble that takes on the role of a traditional orchestra. In S. Lifar’s “Icarus” for the first time proposed a method of translating body movements into rhythmic formulas combined into a plastic score of the performance. A. Honegger turned out to be an ideal composer for such translstion. If other versions of the musical embodiment of the “Icarus” rhythm diagram will appear in the history of the genre, the original compositional solution will remain the invariant, comparison with which will be inevitable.

Research on aging behavior and safe storage life prediction of modified double base propellant

Abstract In order to study the long-time safe storage performance of GaTo modified double base propellant, the accelerated aging tests at 65, 70, 75, and 85°C were conducted. The chemical stabilities, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the propellant samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter, bromize-titration, impact resistance testing, and field emission scanning electron microscopy in the aging duration. The results showed that the chemical stability of propellant became worse due to nitrate esters decomposition. The impact resistance degradation is the result of binder network collapse, phase separation between binder and plasticizer, and interfacial dewetting during aging. Hence, the storage life of the propellant at ambient temperature has been evaluated based on stabilizer depletion and impact resistance deterioration via Arrhenius approach