Doses Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Research Articles

Evaluating the Effects of Fertilizer Deep Placement on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Wet Direct-Seeded Rice During the Wet Season in Assam, India

Mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), improving nutrient-use efficiency (NUE), and maximizing yield in rainfed lowland rice cultivation poses significant challenges. To address this, a two-year field experiment (2020 and 2021) was conducted in Assam, India, to examine the impact of different fertilizer-management practices on grain yield, NUE, and GHGs in wet direct-seeded rice (Wet-DSR) during the kharif season. The experiment included eight treatments: control; farmer’s practice (30-18.4-36 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha−1); state recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) @ 60-20-40 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha−1 with N applied in three splits @ 30-15-15 kg ha−1 as basal, at active tillering (AT), and panicle initiation (PI); best fertilizer management practices (BMPs): 60-20-40 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha−1 with N applied in three equal splits as basal, at AT, and PI; and fertilizer deep placement (FDP) of 120%, 100%, 80%, and 60% N combined with 100% PK of RDF. The experiment was arranged out in a randomized complete block design with three replications for each treatment. The highest grain yield (4933 kg ha−1) and straw yield (6520 kg ha−1) were achieved with the deep placement of 120% N + 100% PK of RDF. FDP with 80% N + 100% PK reduced 38% N2O emissions compared to AAU’s RDF and BMPs, where fertilizer was broadcasted. This is mainly due to the lower dose of nitrogen fertilizer and the application of fertilizer in a reduced zone of soil. When considering both productivity and environmental impact, applying 80% N with 100% PK through FDP was identified as the most effective practice.

Nitrogen status of durum wheat derived from Sentinel-2 satellite data in Central Italy

In agriculture, nitrogen (N) is a key element in plant nutrition that affects, both positively and negatively, the productive and qualitative results of the crop. Accurate quantification of nitrogen levels is crucial for devising effective plant nutrition strategies. The objective of this study was to validate a novel method to estimate the N content at different phenological stages of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Iride) under different N management strategies (chemical synthetic fertilizer - SYN and organic fertilizer - ORG) in Italy, using the Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI)as a diagnostic tool for improving nitrogen fertilization timing and doses. The NNI is the ratio between the actual crop nitrogen content (Na) and the optimal level (Nc) required for ideal growth conditions.On ground level, Leaf Area Index (LAI) , Canopy reflectance, leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and N concentration in leaves were measured. At landscape level, LAI and Canopy Chlorophyll Indices (CIs) were derived from Sentinel 2 (S2) multispectral images captured on the same days as the ground measurements: Chlorophyll Indexes were used for estimating the canopy chlorophyll content, CCC. Na in leaves and canopy were calculated from LCC and CCC respectively.In the study area, Nc is Nc=4.65LAI–0.35, R2=0.92. Among the tested Chlorophyll Indices (CIs) regression models, the linear regression was the more accurate to predict Na content, even though most of the tested Chlorophyll Indices (CIs) showed an R2 > 0.8,a. The best-performing spectral index in both calibration and validation steps resulted from the IRECI, with R2=0.90 and RMSE=0.31. The developed NNI well-captured the seasonal N dynamic for durum wheat, under different N management and meteorological conditions. The NNI calculated from S2 data for crop N status assessment, showed to be an accurate estimation of the Nitrogen Nutrition Index and can be used for the fertilization plans without costly on ground measurements.

Влияние азотного питания на урожайность и аккумулирование нитратов отечественными и зарубежными сортами столовой свеклы в условиях Ленинградской области

The selection of varieties and the level of nitrogen nutrition are important technological elements that determine the yield and quality of table beets when grown on sod-podzolic soil. The article discusses the varietal response of table beet varieties to an increased level of nitrogen nutrition N180 and deficient N0. The varieties that accumulate the maximum and minimum amount of nitrates in different phases of growth and development, more effectively using soil nitrogen compounds or nitrogen fertilizers are identified. The varieties Golden Beet (9.12 kg/m2), Kholodostoykaya 12 (8.94 kg/m2) turned out to be more responsive than others to the application of an increased dose of nitrogen fertilizers, and the greatest increase in the yield of root crops to the background N0 was obtained in the varieties Kholodostoykaya 19, Tsilindra, Egyptian flat and PabloF1. Keywords: TABLE BEET, NITROGEN NUTRITION, VARIETIES, NITRATES, YIELD

Effect of Altitude and Dose of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Growth of Ruskus Plants (Ruscus hypophyllum L.)

Ruscus hypophyllum is an ornamental plant leaves that serve as cut foliage and herbal medicine. It is growth very slow, only two rods per month, so that is necessary to optimization cultivation, one of them with treatment of altitude (environment) and fertilization This research aimed to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer dose altitude for growth of ruskus. The study was compiled using a factorial design nested prepared using RAK and repeated 3 times. The first factor is altitude of 500 m asl (T1), 800 m asl (T2) and 1500 m asl (T3). The second factor is nitrogen fertilization: 0 g/plant (N0), 2 g/plant (N1), 4 g/plant (N2) and 6 g/plant (N3). Based of the research, there was a very real interaction between altitude and dose of nitrogen fertilization on some parameters of observations include: shoot length, number of buds, young leaf chlorophyll, number of roots and root length. The best treatment was a combination of T3N1 (altitude 1500 m asl and nitrogen fertilizer 2 g / plant), separately treatment of altitude very significant effect on the parameters of the number of leaves and shoots appear, and the best treatment is T3 (altitude 1500 m asl). There is a very real correlation between treatment of observations include: the number of long shoots with leaves (0.75), long shoots with the number of shoots (0.64), long shoots with a number of roots (0.79), long shoots with long roots (0, 84), number of leaves with the number of shoots (0.76), young leaf chlorophyll with long roots (0.75) and the number of roots with root length (0.65). The results of path analysis, there are two parameters that have a direct influence on the observation that young leaf chlorophyll (0.094) and the old leaf chlorophyll (0.335).

Growth Rate and Production of Hybrid and Local Maize (Zea Mays L.) in Response to Various Doses of Nitrogen Fertilization

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a strategic commodity after rice so that the productivity need to be optimize through nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of various doses of urea fertilizer on the growth rate and yield of hybrid corn and local corn. This research was conducted from June to October 2022 on the pilot land of the Agricultural Training Center (Bapeltan), Hajimena, Bandar Lampung. The factorial experiment (5x2) was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The first factor is urea fertilizer doses, namely: 200 kg/ha (N1), 250 kg/ha (N2), 300 kg/ha (N3), 350 kg/ha (N4) and 400 kg/ha (N5), while other fertilizers were given to all experimental plots in the same rate (150 SP-36 kg/ha and 100 kg KCl kg/ha). The second factor is the corn variety, included V1 (BISI-18) and V2 (Tongkol Merah) varieties. The results showed that increasing dose of urea from 200 to 400 kg/ha was not able to increase the growth rate of both corn varieties. The productivity of the BISI-18 corn variety is higher than that of the Tongkol Merah as indicated by the wet weight of the cobs (g), the dry weight of grains per plot (g), and the yield of corn dry grains (tons/ha). The yield of dry corn seeds for the BISI-18 corn variety was 11.7 tons/ha, while for the Tongkol Merah variety was 9.44 tons/ha. Keywords: Fertilizer dosage, Hybrid corn, Local corn, Nitrogen use efficiency, Yield.

Impact of Plant Spacing and Fertilization Dose on the Growth and Yield Traits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Sudan

This study examines the impact of plant spacing and nitrogen fertilization doses on the growth and yield traits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Sudan. Using a factorial experiment within a completely randomized block design, the research explored four spacing levels within raw, S1, S2, S3, and S4 (20, 25, 30, and 35 cm, respectively) and four nitrogen fertilizer doses, Ur1, Ur2, Ur3 and Ur4 (60, 80, 100, and 120 kg.ha-1 , respectively). Key metrics were measured: plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, pod length, fresh weight, and seed count per pod. The results, analyzed via OPSTAT statistical software and ANOVA, indicated that a 60 cm × 30 cm spacing combined with a nitrogen dose of 60 kg.ha-1 significantly optimized growth parameters and yield components. Specifically, this combination resulted in the tallest plants (15.50 cm), the highest number of leaves (7.30), nodes (7.30), and greater fresh pod weight (7.69 g) and length (5.50 cm). Significant interaction effects between spacing and fertilizer doses were observed across all parameters at a 5% confidence level. The study recommends a 60 cm × 30 cm spacing with a nitrogen dose of 60 kg.ha-1 to maximize okra growth, yield, and quality in Sudan's agroecological zones, supporting sustainable agricultural practices and enhanced productivity. These findings can be directly applied to optimize okra production in Sudan, contributing to the country's agricultural sustainability.

Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense as a Strategy to Reduce Nitrogen Fertilization in Cultivating Purple Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Inter-Andean Valleys of Peru.

Purple maize has gained global significance due to its numerous nutraceutical benefits. However, sustaining its production typically requires high doses of nitrogen fertilizers, which, when applied in excess, can contaminate vital resources such as soil and water. Inoculation with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, such as those from the Azospirillum genus, has emerged as an alternative to partially or fully replace nitrogen fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the inoculation effect with A. brasilense and varying nitrogen fertilization levels on the yield and quality of purple maize. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement and five replications. Treatments comprised two inoculation levels (control without inoculation and inoculation with A. brasilense) under five nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg∙ha-1, applied as urea). Inoculation with A. brasilense resulted in a 10.5% increase in plant height, a 16.7% increase in root length, a 21.3% increase in aboveground fresh biomass, a 30.1% increase in root fresh biomass, and a 27.7% increase in leaf nitrogen concentration compared to the non-inoculated control. Regarding yield, the inoculated plants surpassed the control in both purple maize yield (kg∙ha-1) and cob weight by 21.8% and 11.6%, respectively. Across all fertilization levels and parameters assessed, the inoculated treatments outperformed the control. Furthermore, for parameters, namely plant height, leaf nitrogen content, and cob dimensions (length, diameter, and weight), the A. brasilense inoculation treatment with 90 kg N∙ha-1 was statistically equivalent or superior to the non-inoculated control with 120 kg N∙ha-1. These results indicate that inoculation with A. brasilense positively impacted purple maize at all nitrogen levels tested and improved nitrogen use efficiency, enabling a reduction of 30 kg N∙ha-1 without compromising performance in key parameters.

IMPACT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON BREAD WHEAT: SCREENING FOR CHANGES IN QUALITY, ANTIOXIDANT AND ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID CONTENT

Wheat grain has a unique nutritional value and contains health-promoting and essential components in the daily human diet. Increasing consumer awareness of health and nutrition has led to a greater focus on sustainable and healthy wheat production in the face of climate change. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen on yield and protein characteristics as well as antioxidant capacity and essential amino acid profile of bread wheat genotypes adapted to different ecological conditions. Different nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) were applied to 15 genotypes (3 lines, 1 hybrid and cultivars) with different growth habit to determine yield, quality, antioxidant and amino acid composition parameters. As a result of this study, total phenol content, antioxidant activity and gluten index of wheat decreased although grain yield potential increased in genotypes. In the results where the genetic factor is the primary focus, it was established that the responses to nitrogen fertilizer doses exhibited variability across different years particularly the case during the dry season. With regard to the YearxNitrogenxGenotype interaction, a notable increase was observed in total phenol content and antioxidant activity, while a decline was evident in yield, protein, and wet gluten parameters, particularly in the nitrogen dose applied during the dry season. The increase in protein content contributed significantly and positively to the essential amino acid composition. However, increasing the amount of some amino acids negatively affects others. The objective of this study is to identify and contribute insights into the impact of nitrogen factor on product quality, health and nutrition issues, grain yield potential of genotypes, plant breeding and agronomic studies.

Efficiency of paclobutrazol and gibberellic acid in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different doses of nitrogen fertilization

Application of growth regulators like paclobutrazol and gibberellic acid is a suitable way to prevent excessive nitrogen consumption. Therefore, this 2-year research was conducted in Karaj, Iran. This research was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split-plot arrangement in 2019–2021. Treatments included nitrogen at three levels: (60, 105 and 150 kg ha−1) which were placed in the main plots. The second factor was the foliar application of growth regulators at three levels: [gibberellic acid (100 ppm), paclobutrazol (200 ppm) and control]. The results showed that application of paclobutrazol and gibberellic acid raised super wheat yield and quality compared to control. The highest biological yield (27.67 ton ha−1), was observed in the interaction of nitrogen 150 kg ha−1 + gibberellic acid in the second year, which was the same with nitrogen 150 kg ha−1 + gibberellic acid in the first year and also interaction of nitrogen 150 kg ha−1 + paclobutrazol in the second year. The highest grain protein (14.69%) was seen in nitrogen 150 kg ha−1 + gibberellic acid in the second year and nitrogen 150 kg ha−1 + gibberellic acid in the first year. Growth regulators usage and increasing the nitrogen content (150 kg ha−1), improved the yield and grain quality of wheat. Therefore, the interaction of nitrogen 150 kg ha−1 + gibberellic acid and nitrogen 150 kg ha−1 +paclobutrazol, were the best treatments of this study, due to the creation of suitable environmental conditions for wheat, and these treatments can be suggested to the farmers.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen terhadap Produktifitas Hidroponik Fodder Jagung (Zea Mays)

This research is intended to identify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on fresh production., dry material production (DM ), organic mater production ( OM ) crude pretein (CP) fodder mayze (zea mays). This research was carried out in the field lab of animal science departemen, Faculty of health and science, University Nusamara PGRI Kediri. research design in this study use a complete random design 4 treatment with 5 replicated. Treatment use concentration nitrogen fertilizer (T0 = 0 ml / l) ,( T1 =0.8 ml / l ), (T2 =1.6 ml / l ), (T3 =2.4 ml / l ). Studies show that different levels of nitrogen fertilizer can affacted to DM production (p < 0.01 ), OM production (p < 0.01 ) and CP production (p < 0.01) maize fodder (zea mays ).The conclusion of this study is that the use of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer has an effect on the production aspect of maize fodder (Zea mays )

Optimum Seeding and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates for Maximizing Yield and Sustaining Rain-Fed Lowland Rice (<i>Oryza Sativa </i>L.) in Fogera Plain North-western Ethiopia

Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is increasingly becoming an important food crop in Ethiopia. However, the average rice productivity in Ethiopia is estimated at 2.8 t ha<sup>-1</sup> which is much lower than the world average, 4.6 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. Its productivity is challenged due to a lack of appropriate and location-specific agronomic practices like the application of optimum doses of nitrogen fertilizer and the use of optimum seeding rates. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in Fogera district in South Gondar Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia during the 2021 main cropping season to determine the optimum dose of N level and seeding rate. The treatments comprised factorial combinations of four levels of N (134, 184, 234 and 284 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and four different seeding rates (60, 80, 100, and 120 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. All data on phenology, vegetative growth yield and yield-related parameters were collected and measured following scientific standards of each parameter. Those data were subjected to analysis of variance using the general linear model (GLM) procedures of SAS 9.0 version system. Economic analysis was also carried out by following CIMMYT partial budget analysis procedures. The analysis result showed the main effects of both, different levels of nitrogen and different rate of seeding, and their interactions showed highly significant effect on the number of both total and effective tillers, grain filling, panicle length, phonological parameters, totals spikelet’s, thousands seed weight, grain yield, biological yield and straw yield. Application of 184 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> level with a seeding rate 100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> gave the maximum grain yield (6,641 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), the highest number of effective tillers per m<sup>2</sup> (792) and filled grains per panicle (95.34). Furthermore, the highest net return of ETB 118,850 with acceptable marginal rate of return (2,313%) was also obtained from the application of 184 kg N ha-<sup>1</sup> level and a seeding rate 100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. From the current research experiment, it is possible to conclude that increasing seeding rate beyond 100 kg ha<sup>-1 </sup>and N above 184 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> is not economical yield of rice <i>“Selam’’ </i>variety in the study area. Rather, use of 184 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> and seeding rate of 100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> is promising for Lowland Rice (<i>Selam</i>) variety production under the rain fed condition in Fogera Plains and similar agro-ecologies of rain-fed growing area of Ethiopia for better economic and agronomic advantage.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Capsaicinoids and Related Metabolic Substances of Dried Chili Pepper Fruit

Reducing fertilizer pollution is an important direction for modern ecological agriculture. Commonly, excessive nitrogen is applied to pepper. Capsaicin is one of the most important economic qualities of spicy peppers, but the effect of nitrogen on capsaicin is still inconsistent. This study aims to elucidate the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on capsaicin accumulation and to provide guidance on fertilizer application on highly spicy chili peppers. The experiment was conducted with five nitrogen fertilizer concentrations: N1 (urea 750 kg ha−1), N2 (urea 562.5 kg ha−1), N3 (urea 375 kg ha−1), N4 (urea 187.5 kg ha−1), and N0 (no nitrogen fertilizer). Nitrogen treatment was applied to two varieties with different spiciness levels from the seedling stage. The fruits in different layers of pepper plants were sampled on the 20th, 35th, and 50th day after anthesis, and the fruits’ size, content of capsaicin, capsaicin precursors, capsaicin competitors, as well as capsaicin-related enzyme activities and gene expression level were analyzed. The results indicate that, when applying N2 and N3, both chili pepper varieties exhibited higher fruit length, diameter, weight, and yield values. There were increased contents of total phenol, flavonoids, and tannins in both fruit varieties with N2 application. Moreover, the placenta weights of the bottom, middle, and top layers of the fruits on the 35th day were improved by 40.14%, 26.80%, and 55.91% for ‘Honglong 23’ and 55.10%, 37.04%, and 75.56% for ‘Hongxi’ compared with N0. At the same time, under N2 treatment, the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity of capsaicin synthase significantly increased. In contrast, the capsaicin-degrading enzyme activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) decreased notably. The expression levels of capsaicin-synthetic genes such as phenylalanine cleavage enzyme gene (PAL), acyltransferase gene (AT3), 4-Coumaroyl coenzyme A ligase gene (4CL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase gene (C4H), caffeoyl coenzyme A-3-oxo-methyltransferase gene (COMT), paminotransferase gene (PAMT), and hydroxycinnamyltransferase gene (HCT) were up-regulated in N2 fruits, which led to a significant increase in capsaicin content compared with the other four nitrogen amounts. A further reduction in nitrogen application to N3 and N4 resulted in a decrease in the precursor substance’s total phenol content and PAL activity and an increase in the competitive substance’s flavonoid, lignin, POD, and PPO enzyme activities. At the same time, the expression levels of capsaicinoid synthetic genes were downregulated in the N3 and N4 treatments, leading to a low content of total capsaicinoids. The capsaicinoid content showed a trend of 35th day > 50th day > 20th day for both varieties. Additionally, the contents of total capsaicinoids, total phenols, flavonoids, and lignins, as well as PAL enzyme activity, and the expression levels of PAL, AT3, 4CL, C4H, COMT, PAMT, and HCT exhibited characteristics of bottom layers > middle layers > top layers. The activities of POD and PPO gradually increased from the bottom to the top layers. The N2 (562.5 kg ha−1) treatment resulted in increases in placenta mass, maximum capsaicinoid precursor substance of total phenol content, and synthase enzyme activity, as well as decreases in capsaicinoid competing substances and degradative enzyme activity, so there were more substances available for capsaicin synthesis. Combined with the higher fruit weight and capsaicinoid content in the N2 treatment, N2 was considered a suitable nitrogen fertilizer dosage for highly spicy chili pepper cultivation.

Responses of Soil Enzymes Activities to Sprinkler Irrigation and Differentiated Nitrogen Fertilization in Barley Cultivation

Our study aimed to assess the impact of sprinkler irrigation on the activity of selected soil enzymes in terms of nitrogen metabolism and oxidation–reduction processes in soil with different doses of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. An Alfisol was sampled from an experimental field of spring barley within the University Research Center in the central part of Poland, namely the village of Mochełek with a moderate transitory climate, during the growing seasons of 2015–2017. The soil resistance (RS) was derived to recognize the resistance enzymes during drought. In the maturity phase, nitrate reductase activity was 18% higher in irrigated soil and the activities of other enzymes were higher than in the non-irrigated plots by 25% for dehydrogenase, 22% for peroxidase, 33% for catalase, and 17% for urease. The development phase in the barley influenced nitrate reductase activity. Enzymatic activities changed throughout the research years. During the maturity stage, a lower ammonium nitrogen content in the soil resulted from a higher spring barley uptake due to drought stress. Irrigation probably contributed to increased leaching of nitrate in the soil. The highest index of resilience was found in the soil catalase activity.

Migration of Nitrate Nitrogen by Soil Profile

In the leached low-humus medium loamy chernozem of the central zone of the Kurgan region, losses of nitrate nitrogen through leaching with precipitation down the soil profile were noted. Losses increased with the use of increased doses of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as in variants with unilateral application of nitrogen fertilizers.

The effect of different doses of ammonium nitrate on the yield and protein content in spring triticale grain

The article presents the results of studying the effect of various doses of ammonium nitrate on the yield and protein content in spring triticale grain. Numerous studies around the world have established that nitrogen is a key factor influencing the productivity of grain crops. The paper presents the results of a 5-year study (2018-2022) of cultivating spring triticale using fallow and stubble predecessors. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied when sowing in rows at a dose of 20 to 80 kg/ha in the active substance. The experiments were carried out in the Akmola region (LLP "SPCGF named after A. Barayev") on southern carbonate chernozem. Over the five years of research, only 2018 was characterized by optimal hydrothermal conditions during the triticale growing season, the remaining four years (2019-2022) were dry. The reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil before sowing triticale in fallow were 119-138 mm, in stubble - 119-125 mm. The content of N-NO3 in the soil layer 0-40 cm before sowing triticale varied according to the years of research, so for fallow it varied from 11 to 28 mg/kg, and for stubble from 10 to 17 mg/kg of soil. The amount of P2O5 before sowing (in the soil layer of 0-20 cm), regardless of the predecessor, varied within 24-37 mg/kg of soil. It was not possible to establish a reliable effect of different doses of ammonium nitrate on grain yield and protein content in triticale grain using the two studied precursors. A strong correlation between the dose of nitrogen fertilizer and the yield of triticale based on the steam predecessor was established only in 2020 (r = 0.85) and in 2021 (r = 0.83). For stubble, a strong positive correlation between nitrogen doses and yield was noted in 2019 (r = 0.78), 2021 (r = 0.79) and 2022 (r = 0.87). A correlation between the protein content in triticale grain and nitrogen doses was established based on the fallow in 2 of 4 years (r = 0.86...0.96). For the stubble, a strong positive relationship was noted in all years of research (r = 0.83...0.99).

Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilizer Dose for the Growth and Development of BRRI Dhan47

Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilizer Dose for the Growth and Development of BRRI Dhan47

Effect of different Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Quality of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Abusabien)

The present study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan. To evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth, yield and quality of Sorghum forage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. cv Abusabien). The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen: control, 43, 86 and 120 kg N/ha (0N, 1N, 2N and 3N). The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. The parameters measured were: plant population, plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, fresh weight (ton/ha), dry weight (ton/ha), crude protein (%) content, fat (%) content, fiber (%) content, ash (%) content and carbohydrates (%) content. the results revealed that there were significant differences among the treatments in most characters under study. Nitrogen fertilizer resulted in an increase in growth attributes as well as forage yield. Nitrogen fertilizer dose (120 kg N/ha) produced higher fresh and dry forage at harvest compared to the other treatments. Also the results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the percentage (%) content of crude protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates while decreased fiber percentage (%) concentration compared to the control. The treatment 120 kg N/ha (3N) had highest values of protein (13.68), fat (2.04), ash (12.18) (%) content, while the lowest values (9.73, 1.32 and 10.07) % content respectively, were obtained in the control. Then, based on these findings we recommended that to obtain high growth, forage yield and quality from sorghum forage Abu-Sabeen, nitrogen at the level of (120 kg/ha ) should be applied.

Impacts of the dose of nitrogen fertilizer applied to rice plants as top dressing on sake brewing

Applying nitrogen (N) fertilizer as top dressing to rice plants at the panicle formation stage affects the quality of rice grains. Our previous indoor experiment showed that application of a higher dose of top dressing N fertilizer to rice plants negatively affected the alcohol fermentation and yield of sake brewed from the grains. To further clarify the impacts of the N fertilizer dose, we performed a 2-year rice cultivation test in outdoor-installed containers with different doses of N fertilizer [1 (N1), 6 (N6), or 12 g N m−2 (N12)] applied as top dressing at the panicle formation stage. The frequency of grains with a white core and the protein content of the grains were 17%–26% lower and 8%–13% higher, respectively, in the N12 treatment than in the N1 treatment in both years. The yield of sake was consistently lower (1%–3%) from rice in the N12 treatment than from rice in the N1 treatment. The reduced sake yield and increased protein content in rice grains led to higher concentrations of amino acids in the sake brewed from rice in the N12 treatment. These results highlight the importance of fertilizer management in rice paddies for sake brewing.

Обоснование мероприятий по повышению плодородия почв Прохладненского муниципального района Кабардино-Балкарской Республики

The article presents the results of substantiation of measures to increase soil fertility in the Prokhladnensky municipal district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. An assessment of the nutritional regime of the soil at the end of August, a month after plant and post-harvest residues of winter crops were added to the soil, indicates that under favorable moisture supply conditions, the introduction of a compensatory dose of nitrogen fertilizers for their decomposition had a positive effect on the nitrogen regime of the soil. Also, the use of crop residues in crop rotation creates conditions for stabilizing the previously potential soil fertility. Keywords: SOIL, FERTILITY, FERTILIZERS, NUTRIENT REGIME, PLANT RESIDUE, MULCHING

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Doses and Application Methods on the Yield of Syr Suluy Rice in the Kyzylorda Region

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Doses and Application Methods on the Yield of Syr Suluy Rice in the Kyzylorda Region