The effect of different doses of ammonium nitrate on the yield and protein content in spring triticale grain

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying the effect of various doses of ammonium nitrate on the yield and protein content in spring triticale grain. Numerous studies around the world have established that nitrogen is a key factor influencing the productivity of grain crops. The paper presents the results of a 5-year study (2018-2022) of cultivating spring triticale using fallow and stubble predecessors. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied when sowing in rows at a dose of 20 to 80 kg/ha in the active substance. The experiments were carried out in the Akmola region (LLP "SPCGF named after A. Barayev") on southern carbonate chernozem. Over the five years of research, only 2018 was characterized by optimal hydrothermal conditions during the triticale growing season, the remaining four years (2019-2022) were dry. The reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil before sowing triticale in fallow were 119-138 mm, in stubble - 119-125 mm. The content of N-NO3 in the soil layer 0-40 cm before sowing triticale varied according to the years of research, so for fallow it varied from 11 to 28 mg/kg, and for stubble from 10 to 17 mg/kg of soil. The amount of P2O5 before sowing (in the soil layer of 0-20 cm), regardless of the predecessor, varied within 24-37 mg/kg of soil. It was not possible to establish a reliable effect of different doses of ammonium nitrate on grain yield and protein content in triticale grain using the two studied precursors. A strong correlation between the dose of nitrogen fertilizer and the yield of triticale based on the steam predecessor was established only in 2020 (r = 0.85) and in 2021 (r = 0.83). For stubble, a strong positive correlation between nitrogen doses and yield was noted in 2019 (r = 0.78), 2021 (r = 0.79) and 2022 (r = 0.87). A correlation between the protein content in triticale grain and nitrogen doses was established based on the fallow in 2 of 4 years (r = 0.86...0.96). For the stubble, a strong positive relationship was noted in all years of research (r = 0.83...0.99).