Doses Of Manure Research Articles

Pengaruh Waktu Dekomposisi dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Kotoran Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Terong (Solanum melongena)

The application of organic fertilizers in eggplant cultivation can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers which can damage the soil in long term. The maturity of organic fertilizer to be ready for application is highly dependent on the length of the decomposition process. This study aims to determine the effect of decomposition time and dosage of goat manure on the growth and yield of eggplant plants. The research was conducted from April to June 2022 in Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This study used a factorial experiment method arranged in a completely randomized design consisting of two factors. Factor I is decomposition time consisting of 3 levels, namely: 1 month (W1); 1.5 months (W2); 2 months (W3). Factor II is the dosage of goat manure consisting of 3 levels, namely, 100 g (D1), 200 g (D2), 300 g (D3). Each treatment was repeated 6 times. Data from the study were analyzed using variance analysis and continued with DMRT test at 5% significant level. The results showed no significant interaction between the treatment of decomposition time and dosage of goat manure on all parameters. Each treatment gave a different effect on the growth and yield of eggplant plants. The best decomposition time on the parameters of leaf area is 2 months, stem diameter is 1.5 months, and root length is 1 month. The best dosage of goat manure on leaf area parameter is 200 g, while on the number of leaves and number of flowers parameter is 300 g.

Fertilizer management and incorporation of legumes on performance of maize (Zea mays L.) in western hills of Nepal

One of the main obstacles limiting the production of the improved potential crops in Nepal is the low and diminishing productivity of soils. There is a need to take urgent measures to establish good agricultural management practices that check the rate of deterioration and build up soil fertility, In this regard, an experiment was conducted to determine the rotational effect of legumes and nutrient management on performance of maize at Horticulture Research Station (HRS), Dailekh, Nepal during 2018 and 2019. The experiment was laid out in split plot design which consists 4 cropping systems: fallow–maize, lentil-maize, chickpea–maize and field pea–maize as main plot and 4 combinations of manures and fertilizers: control, recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), Farmyard Manure (FYM), and RDF (50%) + FYM (50%) as sub-plot which were replicated three times. The highest grain yield of 1598 kg ha−1 was obtained from field pea followed by 1388 kg ha−1 in chickpea and 1151 kg/ha in lentil and significantly higher grain yield of 1707 kg ha−1 was obtained from the application of FYM alone. Results obtained showed that yield of maize was increased by 28.8%, 13.5% and 12.7% by use of legumes: chickpea, lentil and field pea, respectively as rotational crop over fallow-maize cropping system. Similarly, the data revealed that significantly higher growth characters of maize were recorded from application of RDF followed by combination of RDF plus FYM. The grain yield of maize was increased by 68.4%, 38.5% and 16.4% from the application of RDF, RDF plus FYM and FYM alone, respectively over control plots. The incorporation of grain legumes like chickpea, lentil and field pea can be effective as rotational crop with maize and application of organic and inorganic fertilizer increase productivity of legumes as well as maize which make viable alternative to agricultural sustainability.

The Effects of Fly Ash and Cow Manure on Water Spinach Grown on An Ultisol of Lampung, Indonesia

Fly ash is the residue of coal combustion that can potentially be an ameliorant. Unfortunately, its use is limited by government regulations that are classified as hazardous and toxic materials. This study examines the effectiveness of fly ash and cow manure as an ameliorant for Ultisols. The experiment was carried out by two factors, i.e., the dose of fly ash, namely 0, 50, 100, and 150 t/ha, and the quantity of cow manure, i.e., 10, 20, and 30 t/ha. The results show that fly ash and cow manure could be ameliorants for low-pH soils such as Ultisols. The suitable dose of fly ash and cow manure as ameliorants in this study are 50 t/ha and 20 t/ha, respectively. Increasing the amount of fly ash caused a decrease in the growth of water spinach, plant height, number of leaves, fresh plant weight, root length, and dry weight of the root. In addition, fly ash increased pH 6.66-7.30, total P 31.74-52.21 mg/100 g, and total K 16.19-25.75 mg/100 g.

PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KACANG TANAH YANG DIBERI BERBAGAI JENIS DAN TAKARAN PUPUK HIJAU PADA TANAH ULTISOL

This study aims to determine the effect of giving various types, doses of green manure and to determine the treatment that gives the best response on the growth of peanut plants on ultisol soils. This research was carried out at the Experimental Field Laboratory II and the Agrotechnology Laboratory of the UHO Faculty of Agriculture from April 2021 to February 2022. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RAK), namely the type of green manure (H) as the first factor consisting of 3 treatment: gamal leaves (H1), colopogonium (H2) and kirinyuh (H3) and the dose of green manure (T) as the second factor consisting of 4 levels of treatment: control (T0), 7.5 t ha-1 (T1), 15 t ha-1 (T2) and 22.5 t ha-1 (T3). The variables observed included stem diameter, number of leaves and nodules, leaf area, total leaf area, effective nodules, root dry weight and root loss ratio. The results showed that the application of various types and doses of green manure with kirinyuh (H3T3) was able to have a positive effect on increasing the growth of peanut plants grown on ultisol.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BIOCHAR DAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM TERHADAP KADAR AIR DAN BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PESISIR SERTA PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SAWI

Southeast Sulawesi has a coastline length of 1,740 km, but the community has not made optimal use of the coastal land, especially for agricultural activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of applying biochar and chicken manure on water content and some chemical properties of coastal soils, to determine the effect of biochar and chicken manure interaction on the growth of mustard plants on coastal soils and find out better doses of biochar and chicken manure on the growth of mustard plants. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a factorial pattern consists of two factors, namely biochar B0 = 0 g polybag-1, B1 = 75 g polybag-1 equivalent to 30 t ha-1, B2 = 150 g polybag-1 equivalent to 60 t ha-1 and chicken manure which is P0 = 0 g polybag-1, P1 = 75 g polybag-1 equivalent to 30 t ha-1, P2 = 150 g of polybag-1 is equivalent to 60 t ha-1. Observed variables of moisture content, some chemical properties of the soil as well as plant height and number of leaves. The results showed that the application of biochar and chicken manure was able to increase the air content, pH, Organic-C and total-N. In the B1P1 treatment, the interaction effect on the height and number of mustard leaves and the dose of fertilizer that gave a better effect than other treatments, namely biochar 75 g polybag-1 or equivalent to 30 t ha-1 + chicken manure 75 g polybag-1 or equivalent to 30 t ha-1

Dosage effects of organic manure on bacterial community assemblage and phosphorus transformation profiles in greenhouse soil.

Manure is a potential substitute for chemical phosphate fertilizer, especially in intensive agriculture, such as greenhouse farming, but the associations between soil phosphorus (P) availability and the soil microbial community under manure application instead of chemical phosphate fertilizers are still rarely addressed. In this study, a field experiment in greenhouse farming with manure application instead of chemical phosphate fertilizers was established, including five treatments: a control with conventional fertilization and chemical phosphate fertilizer substitution treatments using manure as the sole P resource at 25% (0.25 Po), 50% (0.50 Po), 75% (0.75 Po), and 100% (1.00 Po) of the control. Except for 1.00 Po, all the treatments applied with manure harbored similar levels of available P (AP) as the control. Most of the bacterial taxa involved in P transformation were enriched in manure treatments. Treatments of 0.25 Po and 0.50 Po significantly enhanced bacterial inorganic P (Pi) dissolution capacity, while 0.25 Po decreased bacterial organic P (Po) mineralization capacity. In contrast, the 0.75 Po and 1.00 Po treatments significantly decreased the bacterial Pi dissolution capacity and increased the Po mineralization capacity. Further analysis revealed that the changes in the bacterial community were significantly correlated with soil pH, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and AP. These results revealed the dosage effect of the impact of manure on soil P availability and microbial P transformation capacity and emphasized that an appropriate dosage of organic manure is important in practical production.

Morfofisiologia e qualidade de mudas de Alibertia edulis cultivadas sob contrastes luminosos e resíduo orgânico

ABSTRACT Organic residue in the substrate and the availability of light influence the production of high-quality seedlings for ex situ cultivation of native forest species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of chicken manure incorporated in the soil and shading levels on the morphophysiological responses and quality of Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich seedlings. Five doses of chicken manure (CM) were tested, 0.00, 2.08, 4.16, 6.24, and 8.32 g CM kg-1 soil, under two shade conditions, 0% (full sun) and 50% shading. At 215 days after transplanting, the maximum height obtained for A. edulis was 47.35 cm with 5.64 g CM kg-1 soil under 50% shade. Shaded seedlings had a higher number of leaves. The maximum leaf and root areas were 796.64 and 118.83 cm2 with 5.32 and 4.21 g CM kg-1 soil, respectively, both under 50% shade. Seedlings in 0% shade had lower physiological indices. Shading levels did not affect stomatal limitation, but CM contributed to physiological efficiency. Shoot biomass was higher under 50% shade with higher CM doses. The highest quality indexes occurred with 3.98 and 6.28 g kg-1 CM under 0 and 50% shade, respectively. A. edulis seedlings responded positively to the addition of CM to the soil and presented plasticity under contrasting light conditions. A. edulis seedlings produced under 50% shading with the addition of 6.24 g CM kg-1 soil presented high morphophysiological and seedling quality indicators. The addition of 4.32 g CM kg-1 soil contributed to high seedling quality under full sun conditions.

The effectiveness of young coconut waste biochar application and goat manures to entisol soil on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) vegetative growth

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying young coconut biochar waste and goat manures to entisol soil on the vegetative growth of tomatoes. The research was conducted at the Biochar Research Center, Agriculture Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, which took place on August to December 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is treatment of Young Coconut Waste Biochar (B1: control, B2: 18.52 g polybag-1, B3: 37.04 g polybag-1) and the second factor is treatment dose of goat Manure (W), (W1: control, W2: 18.52 g polybag-1, W3: 37.04 g polybag-1 and W4: 55.55 polybag-1). Variables observed in this study were plant height (2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after planting), number of aged branches (2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after planting), net assimilation rate, plant growth rate and relative growth rate. The results showed that the application of young coconut biochar wastes and goat manures had no significant effect on the vegetative growth of tomatoes such as plant height at 4, 6, 8 weeks after planting, number of branches at 4, 6, 8 weeks after planting and net assimilation rate. There was an interaction on plant height at 2 weeks after planting but the application of biochar from young coconut waste and goat manure was not able to increase plant height, while in plant growth rate and relative growth rate the best dose was found in the application of 55.55 g polybag-1 goat manure.

The dynamics of changes in soil temperature due to the application of rice straw mulch on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Climate change that occurs globally in agriculture causes fail crops production, causing losses for farmers. This loss can be minimized by using rice straw mulch to reduce soil temperature and protect the soil from direct solar radiation on lettuce land. This study will examine whether treatment with rice straw mulch can affect soil temperature in lettuce land. The research was conducted at Nudira Fresh Green House PT. Nudira Sumber Daya Indonesia, Warnasari Village, Pangalengan Subdistrict, Bandung District, West Java. This research was conducted from March 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022. The data of this study used a factorial 4 x 2 Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. Factor I was the thickness of rice straw mulch 0 t ha− 1 (R0), 4 t ha−1 or 0.48 kg plot−1 (R1), 6 t ha−1 or 0.72 kg plot−1 (R2), and 8 t ha−1 or 0.96 kg plot−1 (R3) and factor II was the dose of cow manure (F1) and compost (F2) each 20 t ha−1 or 2.4 kg plot−1. The results showed that the application of rice straw mulch with the organic fertilizer has not significant effect on soil temperature in lettuce land. However, the application of rice straw mulch at a dose of 8 t ha−1 slightly better results in decreasing soil surface temperature at a depth of 0 cm, although not significantly different.

Response of Growth and Production of Upland Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) to Application of Vedagro Fertilizer and Green Manure

The aim of the study was to determine the response of growth and production of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) to the application of vedagro fertilizer and green manure. Under the guidance of Mrs. Ir. Ernita, MP. This research was carried out in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, for four months from February to May 2021. The aim of the study was to determine the response of various doses of vedagro fertilizer and green manure to the growth of upland rice plants. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized factorial design consisting of two factors. The first factor was the dose of Vedagro (V) fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels: 0, 30, 60, 90 grams per plot and the second factor was the dose of green fertilizer (H) which consisted of 4 levels: 0, 1, 2, 3 kg per plot. . Parameters observed were plant height, number of productive tillers, flowering age, harvesting age, weight of full grain, weight of empty grain, weight of wet grain in a clump, weight of dry grain in a clump and weight of 100 dry grains. The data were analyzed statistically and continued with the honest significant difference test (BNJ) at the 5% level. The results showed that the application of vedagro and green manure gave a real response to all observed parameters. The best treatment was at the dose of vedagro fertilizer 90 g/plot and green manure 3 kg/plot (V3H3). The main factor of vedagro fertilizer gave a real response to all observation parameters. The best treatment was found at the vedagro fertilizer dose of 90 g/plot (V3). The main factor of green manure gives a real response to all parameter observations. The best treatment was at a green manure dose of 3 kg/plot (H3).

Response of Organic Fertilizers on Sorghum: Greengram Intercropping on Yield Attribute, Yield, and Economics at Varying Row Ratios under Rainfed Situations

India is the largest producer of Pulses, however productivity is stills very low, and need of millet is also increasing day by day in this concern to utilize the filed efficiently to get higher millet yield as well as pulses per unit area. A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2017 at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm of the Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to find out effect of cropping systems of different row ratio and doses of farm yard manure (FYM) on, yield and economics of crops under rainfed condition. The treatments comprised of 4 cropping systems i.e. (i) sole sorghum, 45 cm apart (ii) sole greengram, 45 cm apart (iii) sorghum + greengram (2:1 row ratio ) (iv) sorghum + greengram (3:1 row ratio) and 3 doses of FYM i.e. (i) without FYM (ii) 10 t/ha (iii) 20 t/ha were tested in Factorial Randomized block design with 3 replications. Results obtained that the yield of sorghum and greengram were highest in their sole stands. The yield of sole and intercropped greengram in terms of sorghum equivalent grain yield showed significantly (p <0.05) variation, whereas sorghum + greengram (2:1 row ratio) brought out significantly (p <0.05) the highest production as compared to other cropping systems. Moreover, the land equivalent ratio, gross return and net return were also found to be the highest. Simultaneously Increasing rates of FYM brought out significant (p <0.05) improvement in vegetative growth, yield attributes and grain/stover yield, where a dose of 10 t FYM/ha gave best performance in respect of vegetative growth, yield attributes and grain/stover yield. In addition, net return was also noticed higher.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang dan Konsentrasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L.)

Soybean is one of the potential food crops that has a high vegetable protein content, which is around 40%. The aim of this study was to obtain an optimal combination of manure dose and PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) concentration on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors repeated three times. The first factor is the dose of manure: K1 = 0 tons ha-1, K2 = 10 tons ha-1, and K3 = 20 tons ha-1. The second factor was the concentration of PGPR, namely P0 = 0 ml l-1, P1 = 5 ml l-1, P2 = 10 ml l-1, and P3 = 15 ml l-1. The results showed that there was no interaction between the treatment dose of manure and the PGPR concentration. Separately, the treatment dose of manure and concentration of PGPR had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, plant dry weight, number of productive nodes, number of pods per plant, percent of filled pods, dry seed weight, and weight of 100 seeds. The dose of manure 20 tons ha-1, was able to increase the dry seed yield to 21.42 g plant--1 and 2.91 tons ha-1, and the weight of 100 seeds was 30.49 g plant-1. While the application of PGPR with a concentration of 15 ml l -1 resulted in a dry seed weight of 21.11 g plant-1 and 2.93 tons ha-1 and a weight of 100 seeds of 30.09 g plamt-1, which was higher than without PGPR treatment.

Sizes and Ratios of Organic Carbon Pools in Gray Forest Soil under Long-Term Application of Mineral and Organic Fertilizers

Soil organic matter (SOM) is proposed to subdivide into structural and process pools. Structural pools include particulate organic matter (CPOM) and mineral-associated organic matter (CMAOM), and process pools include microbial biomass (Cmic) and potentially mineralizable organic matter (C0). The studies were carried out in a long-term microfield experiment on gray forest soil (Luvic Retic Greyzemic Phaeozems (Loamic)). Mineral (N 90–360, P2O5 75–300 and K2O 100–400 kg/ha) and organic (fresh cattle manure from 25 to 100 t/ha) fertilizers in increasing doses were applied annually for 9 years. The increasing in soil organic carbon (Corg) stocks from NPK and manure was 5–10 and 38–83%, respectively. The application of extreme doses of manure (700 to 900 tons/ha in 9 years) led to saturation of the soil with organic carbon. SOM pools sizes decreased in the sequence CMAOM CPOM C0 Cmic, amounting to 7.91–12 g/kg (50–84% of Corg), 0.76–12 g/kg (8–50%), 0.32–1.71 g/kg (2.8-13.7%) and 0.09-0.56 g/kg (0.8-3.7%), respectively. CPOM pool size depended mainly on the dose of mineral and organic fertilizers, and CMAOM depended on the duration of fertilizer application. Both Cmic and C0 pools increased with the manure dose and decreased with the NPK dose. The long-term manuring did not produce a cumulative accumulation of C0 in the soil. It is emphasized that the separation of structural and process pools can be used for monitoring of SOM quality and functions.

Growth and Yield of Red Chili at various Doses of Chicken Manure Using Conventional and Floating Cultivation Techniques

The aimed of this study was to determine the effect of chicken manure application on red chili plants using conventional and floating cultivation techniques. The research was carried out on the experimental farm for conventional cultivation techniques and in research pond for floating cultivation located in the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya Campus, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra with an altitude of 10 m above sea level from July to November 2022. The experiment used a randomized block design with one factor, namely chicken manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 tons/ha) with three replications. While the floating experiment used 200 cm x 100 cm of bamboo rafts. Parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, crown diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight per fruit, and total fruit weight per plant. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level. The results showed that increasing the dose of chicken manure up to 30 tons/ha in both cultivation techniques increased plant height and number of leaves. Likewise for the number and weight of fruit, obtained at the same dose in conventional techniques, namely 30 tons/ha. However, fruit length and diameter parameters were higher in floating cultivation at all doses of chicken manure treatments. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of chicken manure could increase the growth of chili plants in both cultivation techniques, although the size of the polybags used could not support the growth and yields optimally.

PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG AYAM DAN BOKASHI KULIT PISANG TERHADAP KADAR AIR TANAH DAN C-ORGANIK SERTA PERTUMBUHAN JAGUNG PADA REGOSOL PESISIR NAMBO

This study aims to determine the dose of chicken manure and banana peel bokashi kepok which has a better effect on increasing soil moisture content and organic C content in Regosol soil and corn plant growth, and to determine the effect of adding chicken manure and kepok banana peel bokashi on the growth of maize. This research was conducted at the Field Experimental Garden II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University and soil sampling was carried out on the coast of Nambo. Soil sample analysis was carried out at the soil test laboratory of the Department of Soil Science and the Integrated Laboratory of Halu Oleo University, which took place from April to June 2022. The design used was a factorial randomized block design with two factors, namely chicken manure and kepok banana peel bokashi. The results showed that the application of chicken manure and kepok banana peel bokashi has a significant effect at p< 0,05 and p

Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Sawi Melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Lumpur Laut Dengan Pupuk Kandang

The growth of mustard plants is influenced by the availability of nutrients through the application of fertilizers. Manure and sea mud are one type of biological fertilizer. The study aims to determine the optimal dose of sea mud and manure for the growth and production of mustard plants. The study design was a randomized group design consisting of 2 factors and repeated 3 times. The first of Sea Mud treatment (L) consists of levels, namely: L0 = Control; L1=500 g, L2= 750 g. L3 1000 g. The second factor is that the dose of manure consists of levels, namely: P0=without manure; P1=120 g, P2=160 g: and P3 = 200g. The results showed that L3 treatment was able to increase plant height, while the number of leaves was best in L2 treatment. This treatment was also able to increase the number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight but between L2 and L3 treatments did not differ markedly. P3 manure treatment is able to increase the best number of leaves, while fresh weight is best P2 treatment. The interaction between treatments only occurred in plant height and leaf area parameters at 17 HST observations.

Pengaruh Efek Sisaan Eco Enzyme dan Pupuk Kandang Ayam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Selada

A study consisted of two growing seasons of lettuce was held to observe the residual effect of eco enzyme and chicken manure on the growth and yield of lettuce on the second growing season. The research was held in Medan and was done using factorial randomized block design, with two treatments and three replications. The first factor was the concentration of eco enzyme, with three levels of 0, 1 and 2 ml/L. The second one was the dose of chicken manure, with three levels of 0, 15 and 30 tons/hectare. The application of the eco enzyme and chicken manure was done only on the first growing season. The parameters were: number of leaves, root volume, fresh weight and the total yield of lettuce. The result showed that there was a residual effect of eco enzyme and chicken manure application on the growth and production of lettuce. The concentration of eco enzyme had a very significant effect on the number of leaves at 14 DAP, but there was no significant effect on other parameters. The relationship between eco enzyme concentration and the number of leaves at 14 DAP was linear. The dose of chicken manure had a very significant effect on all variables at each time of observation. The relationship between the dose of chicken manure and the number of leaves at 14, 21 and 35 DAP, the fresh and total yield was also linear. The relationship between the dose of chicken manure and the number of leaves at 28 DAP and the root volume was quadratic, with the optimum doses of chicken manure were: 27.05 and 22.5 tons/ha, respectively. No interaction was observed between the concentration of eco enzyme and the dose of chicken manure on all variables at each time of observation.

Maximizing Growth and Yield of Garlic by using Different Sources and Dosages of Nitrogen and Chicken Manure on Andisol Soil

Low soil fertility is a limiting factor for crop production in general. Increasing the yield of garlic with balanced fertilization is an important key identified, also the right type and dose of fertilization is also a major problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inorganic fertilizer (nitrogen) and chicken manure doses on the growth and yield of garlic. The experimental design used in this research was a completely randomized design. The first factor was chicken manure, which consists of two levels, i.e., without chicken manure and 40 t/ha of chicken manure. The second factor was the dosage of N fertilizer which consists of twenty levels, ie, no fertilizer, urea with a dose of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400. 450, 500 kg/ha, ZA with a dose of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400. 450, 500 kg/ha. The results showed that the combination of urea fertilizer 500 kg/ha and chicken manure 40 tons/ha gave the highest yield of stored dry tubers and was significantly higher than control plots and other treatment combinations. Likewise other growth and yield parameters increased progressively. Therefore, it can be concluded that to increase the yield of garlic in the study area, 500 kg/ha of urea fertilizer and 40 tons/ha of chicken manure are needed. The recommendation is that on Andisol soil for garlic cultivation, it is better to use a combination of 500 kg/ha urea and 40 t/ha chicken manure.

Effects of Goat Manure Fertilization on Grain Nutritional Value in Two Contrasting Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Varieties Cultivated at High Altitudes

In this study, the effects of goat manure fertilization (2, 4, 8, and 12 Tn/ha) on the grain yield, organic compounds, and mineral composition of two quinoa varieties (CICA-17 and Regalona Baer) were evaluated under field conditions in Northwest Argentina. The results indicate that fertilization improved the quinoa grain yield and total protein content. Low manure doses positively affected the fatty acid (FA) profile, and significant changes were determined for the monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid contents of CICA-17 and on the saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents of R. Baer seeds. The amino acid contents were positively affected in CICA-17 and negatively in R. Baer. Soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), major elements (K, Si, P, Mg, Ca, and Na), minor elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, and Cu), and ultratrace elements (Cr and Li) were detected and discussed in terms of their impact on human nutrition and health. Conclusively, manure addition affected some essential amino acids, the desaturase activity, the n6:n3 and SFA/UFA ratios, the atherogenic index, soluble sugars, and mineral content, and the fatty acid metabolism of each variety was differently affected, especially the C16 and C18 desaturase activity, which responded differently to various manure doses. Manure addition is a promising alternative to improve the nutritional quality and functionality of quinoa grains, but the response is not linear.

Influence of Different Organic Sources of Nutrients on Yield and Quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa

A field experiment entitled, Influence of different organic sources of nutrients on yield and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa. The current study was designed in RBD with three replications consisting of twenty-two treatments with four different organic manures viz., farmyard manure, vermicompost, poultry manure and neem cake as a source of nitrogen and recommended dose of manure and fertilizers based on plant age with or without biofertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB & KMB) and biopesticides (Trichoderma viride and and Paecilomyces lilacinus). The findings based on pooled data discovered that maximum number of fruits per plant (59.50), yield per plant (12.41 kg), yield per hectare (19.86 tonne), fruit weight (239.39 g), fruit diameter (7.55 cm), aril weight per fruit (147.70 g), juice content per fruit (97.55 ml), peel weight per fruit (91.69 g) along with peel: aril ratio (0.62) was significantly noted under treatment 100 % RDN through poultry manure + 50 ml PSB + 25 ml KMB + 5 g Trichoderma viride + 5 ml Paecilomyces lilacinus. The maximum net return (4,12,840/ha) and BCR (3.26) were also obtained in same treatment. Significantly maximum TSS (16.15°Brix), reducing sugar (14.44 %), non-reducing (2.04 %) and total sugar (16.48 %) along with minimum titrable acidity (0.41 %) were recorded with application of 37.5 % RDN through FYM + 37.5 % RDN through neem cake + 50 ml Azotobacter culture + 50 ml PSB + 25 ml KMB + 5 g Trichoderma viride + 5 ml Paecilomyces lilacinus treatment. Whereas, maximum ascorbic acid content (16.72 mg/100 ml juice) was significantly found under treatment 100 % RDN through FYM + 50 ml PSB + 25 ml KMB + 5 g Trichoderma viride + 5 ml Paecilomyces lilacinus.