Dose Of Urea Research Articles

Enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, growth and yield of wheat through soil urea hydrolysis inhibition by Vachellia nilotica extract.

Soil urease inhibition slows down the urea hydrolysis and prolongs nitrogen (N) stay in soil, resulting in an increased N uptake by plants. Apart from several chemical urease inhibitors, the urease inhibition potential of plant extracts is rarely reported. In our previous study, the soil urease inhibition by Vachellia nilotica leaf extract was reported; however, its role in relation to growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under pot and field conditions remains unknown. The acetonic extracts of 10, 20, and 50g Vachellia nilotica leaves were given code names viz. Vn.Fl-10, Vn.Fl-20 and Vn.Fl-50, respectively, and coated on 100g of urea individually. The enhancements of growth (total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, and 1000-grains weight) and yield (biological yield, straw yield, and grain yield) parameters of wheat by Vn.Fl-20 and Vn.Fl-50 coated urea treatments were compared with uncoated urea in a pot experiment. The experiment indicated that the Vachellia nilotica extract coatings were effective at improving N persistence in soil, as reflected by increased grain and straw N concentrations as well as uptakes. The reproduction of the aforementioned results, at the half and full recommended dose of urea under field conditions, reconfirmed the effectiveness of Vachellia nillotica coatings. Moreover, the Vn.Fl-20 and Vn.Fl-50 coated urea, at the half as well as full recommended dose under field conditions, proved equally effective in terms of higher biological, straw, and grain yield, and grain N uptake. The increments in the total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, straw yield, grain yield, grain N concentration, grain N-, and straw N uptake along with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) components, i.e. nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), partial nitrogen balance (PNB), and nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) of wheat highlighted the superiority of Vn.Fl-20 coating over the hydroquinone (Hq) coating on urea at the full recommended dose under field conditions. Given the findings of this study, Vachellia nilotica leaf extract coating (Vn.Fl-20) can be used as a natural urease inhibitor to reduce urea hydrolysis and enhance wheat productivity.

Maize response to nitrogen and phosphorus starter fertilisation in mineral-fertilised or manured systems

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for maize production, but in temperate areas the P uptake during early growing stages can be limited due to low soil temperature, even though the soil was tested high in P. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of nitrogen and phosphorous (NP) starter fertilisation during early growth stages and its carryover until maize harvest, in mineral-fertilised or manured systems. A field experiment was carried out in north-west Italy during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The trial compared sub-surface placement of NP (diammonium phosphate) or N alone (ammonium nitrate) in bands close to the maize seed furrows, in differing long-term (LT) fertilisation managements: two doses of urea (Min-L and Min-H), two doses of bovine slurry (Slu-L and Slu-H) or two doses of farmyard manure (Fym-L and Fym-H). The two rates, low (L) and high (H), corresponded to 170 and 250 kg N ha−1 year−1 respectively. Compared to N fertilisation, NP starter fertilisation improved early maize growth assessed by leaf area index (LAI) and shoot dry weight (SDW) in all systems. The effects differed between the two years (2019: LAI + 63%, SDW + 67%; 2020: LAI + 36%, SDW + 38%), as 2019 was cool during the first growth. Higher LAI and SDW values were confirmed at crop flowering in the mineral-fertilised systems only. As shoot growth was enhanced by NP starter fertilisation, anthesis occurred 1 day earlier in all systems. However, a response to NP starter fertilisation at harvest was recorded in mineral-fertilised systems only (+1.3 and +3.2 t ha−1 in Min-L and Min-H, respectively). The uptake of P, used as a true indicator of soil nutrient availability, increased with increasing soil Olsen P until 39 mg kg−1. These results suggest that soil test thresholds should be revised for points above which P fertilisation should be suspended.

Construction of Mo-MOF-derived molybdenum dioxide on carbon nanotubes with tunable nitrogen content and particle size for oxidative desulfurization

The combination of distinctive properties of carbon nanotubes and metal oxides is expected to exploit novel catalysts offering high catalytic ability. Herein, a nano-sized MoO2 derived from molybdenum-based metal-organic framework was anchored on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with urea as a regulator. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that the nitrogen content and the MoO2 particle size of the as-prepared catalyst could be tuned by changing the urea dosage and the calcination temperature. Elemental mapping indicated the homogeneous dispersion of the nano-sized MoO2 on the surface of CNT for MoO2@CNT-U7.5 (U7.5 represents mass ratio of urea to CNT). Compared with MoO2@CNT treated in absence of urea, MoO2@CNT-U7.5 showed extremely higher catalytic performance in oxidative desulfurization of fuel. With H2O2 as an oxidant, the removal of refractory sulfur compounds including dibenzothiophene, 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene can reach >99% within 40 min at the reaction temperature of 50 °C. In addition, the catalyst exhibited superior cycling stability and could be recycled for eight times with little loss of sulfur removal. The reaction mechanism was eventually proposed with the assistance of GC–MS and ESR analysis.

Forage characterization of Carajás grass (<i>Cenchrus purpureus</i> × <i>C. americanus</i>) fertilized with a range of doses of protected urea under irrigation during the growing season

The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic and nutritional responses of Carajás grass (Cenchrus purpureus × C. americanus, syn. Pennisetum purpureum × P. glaucum, cultivar ‘Carajás’) fertilized with protected urea. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks in split-plot arrangement over time. The treatments consisted of 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg N/ha/year) and measurements were made over 2 seasons (spring 2015 and summer 2016), with 8 replicates. Leaf and stem elongation and senescence rate of tillers increased as N dosage increased, while tiller density, leaf:stem ratio, live:dead material ratio and phyllochron declined. Forage biomass increased with N dosage reaching 47 t DM green forage/ha at 800 kg N/ha but DM production per unit of N applied declined dramatically as level of N applied increased. There was no effect of season. For crude protein (CP) and fiber concentrations, a positive effect was observed with increasing N application, with maximum CP% of 172 g/kg with 800 kg N/ha in spring. Further studies are warranted to determine if economics indicate that the higher fertilizer levels are justified and even protected urea should still be applied on a number of occasions, but still less often than conventional urea, rather than as a single dose at the beginning of spring.

High solid content preparation of size controllable BiOCl crystals as pearlescent pigment in solvent-free polyurethane coating

In the current research, we are committed to solving the irreconcilable contradiction between fragmentation, agglomeration, poor size controllability, and high solid content in the preparation of BiOCl crystals. Water soluble block polymer polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether-b-polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (mPEG-b-PDMAEMA) was synthesized as dispersant to achieve high solid content by reducing the frequency of crystal collisions to avoid crystal fragments and agglomerates. With the reaction temperature of 80 °C, urea dosage of 40 g, bismuth salt solution addition rate of 0.45 ml/min, and variable amount of pre-added HCl in the reaction vessel, fragment-free BiOCl crystals of wide size ranges were successfully obtained with record-high solid content of above 10 wt%. Furthermore, bio-based pearlescent coatings were prepared by using as-synthesized BiOCl crystals as pearlescent pigments and polyglyceryl tetrastearate and polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI) as the formulations of two-component solvent free polyurethane. The decorative polyurethane coatings demonstrated excellent physical properties and corrosion resistance, which exhibited eye-catching gloss effects from pearl luster, glitter pearl luster, to shimmering luster derived from the size variation of 20, 50, and 70 µm, respectively. The large-scaled production of size controllable BiOCl crystals with high solid content in wide size range promises the practical applications in decorative coatings, cosmetics, clothing accessories, and car interior accessories.

Productivity analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivium) in irrigated sub-tropics of Jammu

Present study was carried out in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir with 180 randomly selected wheat growers from three different blocks (R.S. Pura, Suchetgarh and Bishnah) with the objective to analyze the productivity status of wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) crop in irrigated sub-tropics during 2020–21. There was large variation in productivity of wheat crop in different wheat growing regions of the state. Results of the study revealed that all the farmers sown their wheat crop by broadcasting method, 36% farmers replaced their wheat seed and same percentage of farmers adopted the practice of seed treatment. All the farmers applied DAP and urea as basal dose at sowing time and herbicide for controlling narrow and broad leaved weeds. Only 45% farmers applied first irrigation at the crown root initiation stage. Second dose of urea was applied by 100% farmers after first irrigation and 60% farmers applied third dose of urea in their wheat crop. Only 18% of sampled farmers sprayed fungicides. Overall average wheat crop productivity of respondent farmers in study area was 2.789 t/ha and R. S. Pura block had significant difference in productivity of wheat crop as compared to Bishnah (P=.039) and Suchetgarh (P=.010) block.

Long-Term Traditional Fertilization Alters Tea Garden Soil Properties and Tea Leaf Quality in Bangladesh

Soil acidity is one of the major soil-degradation events throughout the world, and the long-term application of nitrogenous fertilizers is thought to be a main cause of soil acidity. In the present experiment, we collected soil and tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaf samples from five representative tea gardens in Bangladesh and evaluated soil nutrient pools and biochemical properties of tea leaves. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between soil pH and the amount of applied nitrogenous fertilizers. Moreover, continuous application of traditional fertilizers over twenty-five years promoted not only the deficiency of phosphorus (P) and mineral-based cations, such as potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+), but also increased manganese (Mn2+) and aluminum (Al3+) toxicity in soils, which suppressed the yield and quality of tea. Crucially, tea leaf production remained almost similar (average 1079.77 kg ha−1) from 1995 to 2015, while the application doses of urea, TSP, and MoP increased by 24.69%, 18.92%, and 16.67%, respectively, in garden soils. However, the pH value of soil declined up to 24% from 1992 to 2020 in the tested gardens. Consequently, the availability of K+, P, Ca2+, and Mg2+ decreased by 56%, 25%, 55%, and 49%, respectively, in those tea garden soils. In addition, the quality of tea leaves was severely affected, as evident by the reduced levels of total flavonoids, polyphenols, soluble solids, vitamin C, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. Moreover, free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH), caffeine, and tannin concentration were increased in tea leaves, which indicated that tea plants were potentially being stressed. Therefore, we study concluded that long-term application of traditional nitrogenous fertilizers can be an important regulator of lowering garden soil pH, which reduces native soil nutrient pools and thereby the yield and quality of tea leaves.

Analysis of Biophysical Variables in an Onion Crop (Allium cepa L.) with Nitrogen Fertilization by Sentinel-2 Observations.

The production of onions bulbs (Allium cepa L.) requires a high amount of nitrogen. According to the demand of sustainable agriculture, the information-development and communication technologies allow for improving the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization. In the south of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 8000 and 10,000 hectares per year−1 are cultivated in the districts of Villarino and Patagones. This work aimed to analyze the relationship of biophysical variables: leaf area index (LAI), canopy chlorophyll content (CCC), and canopy cover factor (fCOVER), with the nitrogen fertilization of an intermediate cycle onion crop and its effects on yield. A field trial study with different doses of granulated urea and granulated urea was carried out, where biophysical characteristics were evaluated in the field and in Sentinel-2 satellite observations. Field data correlated well with satellite data, with an R2 of 0.91, 0.96, and 0.85 for LAI, fCOVER, and CCC, respectively. The application of nitrogen in all its doses produced significantly higher yields than the control. The LAI and CCC variables had a positive correlation with yield in the months of November and December. A significant difference was observed between U250 (62 Mg ha−1) and the other treatments. The U500 dose led to a yield increase of 27% compared to U250, while the difference between U750 and U500 was 6%.

Maximizing the Productivity and Profitability of Summer Irrigated Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) by Combining Basal Nitrogen Dose and Foliar Nutrition of Nano and Normal Urea

Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during summer season, 2022 with an objective of maximizing the productivity and profitability of greengram by adopting varied dose of basal nitrogen and foliar application of nano and normal urea at Flower Initiation (FI) stage and 15 days thereafter. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice with the following treatments viz., N1 - 100% RDN (25kg N ha-1), N2 - 80% RDN (20kg N ha-1), N3 - 60% RDN (15kg N ha-1) and N4 - Control as factor I, and F1 - Nano urea @ 2ml litre-1 of water, F2 - Nano urea @ 3ml litre-1 of water, F3 - Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 of water and F4 - 1% urea as factor II. The experiment results revealed that, 100% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water significantly registered higher fertility co-efficient (71.2%), pods plant-1 (38.5 Nos.), seeds pod-1 (12.7 Nos.) and maximum grain yield (1291 kg ha-1). Nevertheless, it was on par with the application of 80% RDN and nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water, which recorded fertility co-efficient of 70.6%, 38.0 pods plant-1, 12.6 seeds pod-1 and grain yield of 1289 kg ha-1. In economics perspective also, application of 100% RDN and foliar supplement of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 accounted maximum gross return (₹100114 ha-1), net return (₹53549 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (2.15), which was comparable with application of 80% RDN and foliar application of nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 of water at FI stage and 15 days thereafter. Based on the experimental results, it is concluded that reduced application of basal nitrogen i.e., 80% RDN with nano urea foliar spray @ 4ml litre-1 of water at FI stage and 15 days thereafter found to be the optimal nitrogen dose and nano urea foliar nutrition for maximizing the productivity and profitability of summer irrigated greengram.

Effect of Urea Fertilizer and Harvest Time on Growth and Production Quality of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata)

This study examines the use of Urea Fertilizer on sweet corn plants and harvest time in an effort to increase production and quality. This study sought to identify the effect of giving various doses of urea fertilizer with harvest time and it was found that the interaction of fertilizer treatment with harvest time had a significantly different effect on sweet corn production. The study was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RAK) with two factors, namely urea dose (P) consisting of 3 levels and harvest time (B) with 3 levels and 3 replications, so that there were 27 experimental units. Each experimental unit was taken 8 experimental samples. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with the 5% DMRT test. The treatment was given: P1 = Urea at a dose of 300 kg/ha P2 = Urea at a dose of 225 kg/ha P3 = Urea at a dose of 150 kg/ha and B1 = 12.00 WIB, B2 = 14.00 WIB, B3 = 16.00 WIB. The parameters studied were plant height (cm); Number of leaves (strands); Cob length (cm); Cob diameter (cm); and the level of sweetness (brix) and weight of cobs per bed. The implication that can be drawn from the results of this study is that the growth of sweet corn (plant height, number of leaves) and production (cob length, cob diameter, cob weight per sample, sweetness level) were not significantly different, the interaction of urea fertilizer treatment 150 kg/ha with a harvest time of 14.00 gave a significantly different effect on the weight of cobs per bed.

Utilizing Urea–Chitosan Nanohybrid for Minimizing Synthetic Urea Application and Maximizing Oryza sativa L. Productivity and N Uptake

In paddy fields, overuse of nitrogen fertilizer to maximize yields can lead to excessive economic loss and degradation of the environment. Therefore, studying the effects of urea–chitosan nanohybrid as a slow released source of nitrogen fertilizer on rice cultivation was the aim of our study. The effects of fertilization applications, namely: CU: control treatment; U1: application of a full recommended dose of classical urea (165 kg N ha−1); U2: adding recommended dose of classical urea by 80% + exogenous urea–chitosan nanohybrid 250 mg N/L; U3: adding recommended dose of classical urea by 80% + exogenous urea–chitosan nanohybrid 500 mg N/L; U4: adding recommended dose of classical urea by 60% + exogenous urea–chitosan nanohybrid 250 mg N/L; U5: adding recommended dose of classical urea by 60% + exogenous urea–chitosan nanohybrid 500 mg N/L; U6: adding recommended dose of classical urea by 40% + exogenous urea–chitosan nanohybrid 250 mg N/L; and U7: adding recommended dose of classical urea by 40% + exogenous urea–chitosan nanohybrid 500 mg N/L on growth indicators, yield-related components, grain productivity, and N uptake status of rice plants were investigated during two successive seasons. As a result, significant achievements concerning growth, yield and yield-related traits were obtained when rice plants were fertilized with exogenous urea–chitosan nanohybrid (i.e., 500 mg N/L) + 60% classical urea without a significant decline in the studied traits compared to the full recommended dose of classical urea. Accordingly, this investigation revealed that chitosan nanohybrid at 500 mg N/L as a compensatory alternative can be used in saving 40% of classical urea requirement.

Leaching of N and Initial Development of Maize as a Function of Urea and Urea Doses Coated with Sulfur

Urea is the most important source among nitrogen fertilizers, but leaching losses are highly susceptible. The fertilizer industry has the challenge of improving the chemical characteristics of fertilizers, ensuring the best efficiency in the application and utilization of nutrients. An alternative is sulfur treatment to reduce this problem. The present work had as objective to evaluate the soil nitrogen loss by leaching, treated with urea doses with and without sulfur coating (FH Nitro Gold®). For this, leaching experiments were set up in the laboratory and initial corn cultivation in a greenhouse. The soil used was classified as Red Yellow Argisol, collected at the UFS Rural Campus. Two treatments were applied, which consisted of the application of the two sources of Nitrogen, with doses of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg per hectare, where nitrogen losses were evaluated by leaching (ammonium, nitrate and total N). A second leaching experiment was set up at the following rates: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg per hectare, and after leaching the corn was cultivated for 30 days under greenhouse conditions. After 30 days of cultivation, the biometric parameters were assessed (leaf number, stem diameter and height of plants). The source of nitrogen fertilizer coated with sulfur provided reduction of nitrogen loss by leaching when compared to uncoated urea. The application of coated urea presents higher soil nitrogen absorption and better results in the development of maize plants grown under greenhouse conditions.

PERFORMANSI MORFOLOGI BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (ELAEIS QUINEENSIS JACQ) DI PRE NURSEY PADA APLIKASI SP-36 DAN UREA

Background and Objective: The role of phosphorus and nitrogen is very important for the metabolism of oil palm plants in the nursery phase. This study aims to determine the morphophysiological performance of oil palm (Elaeis quineensis Jacq) seedlings in the pre-nursery due to the application of SP-36 fertilizer and urea. Materials and Methods:The research was conducted on Jln. Bunga Ncole Permai, No.30 Medan Tuntungan District with an altitude of ± 20 meters above sea level. This research is done June 2021 to August 2021. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor is the dose of SP-36 fertilizer with 3 levels of S1 = 5 g/polybag; S2 = 10g/polybag; S3 = 15 g/polybag. The second factor is the dose of urea fertilizer with 3 levels: U1 = 3 g/polybag, U2 = 5 g/polybag and U3 = 7 g/polybag. Results: The results showed that the dose of SP-36 fertilizer had a significant effect on stem diameter at 12 WAP, number of leaves at 8, 10 and 12 WAP, and leaf length at 10 and 12 WAP. The urea dose treatment significantly affected plant height at 6, 8, 10, and 12 WAP, stem diameter at 10 and 12 WAP, number of leaves at 6, 8, 10 and 12 WAP, and leaf length at 8, 10 and 12 WAP. The interaction between the two treatments did not have a significant effect on all ages of observation. Conclusions: the best oil palm seedling growth was found in the treatment of SP-36 S3 fertilizer dosage = 15 g/polybag and urea 7g/polybag.

The Effect of Urea Dosage Levels on Vegetative Growth of Some Clones Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora)

Coffee plants are one of the important commodities that have a fairly high selling value. Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producing countries in the world with a production of approximately 600,000 tons per year. The application of inorganic (chemical) fertilizers is very important if coffee plants are cultivated on soils that naturally have low fertility. In addition to the level of soil fertility as well, the purity of the planting material must be known from its origin. Because to get optimal results, a superior type or clone of coffee is also needed. This research was conducted at the Lampung State Polytechnic Plantation Plant Entres Garden which is located in Hajimena Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency with a garden height of 118 m above sea level. This research was carried out in June-October 2021. This study was compiled using a Split Plot Design. Coffee clones were assigned to the main plot and the urea fertilizer dose factor was assigned to subplots. Observational data that has been obtained will be analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) at the 5% level. If there is a significant difference (F count > F table 5%), it will be continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) follow-up test with a level of 5%. Based on the results and discussions that have been obtained, it shows that the administration of urea to several Robusta coffee clones gave a significant interaction with the parameters of plant height and stem diameter and clones BP 358 with urea doses of 15 and 20 g gave the best growth compared to other clones.

The Effect of Urea Fertilizer Dosage on Growth and Results of Two Types Basil (Ocimum americanum L.).

Basil is one of the indigenous plants, that has the potential to be used as a plant that is cultivated intensively in Indonesia. Basil include as one of the shrubs that can grow in almost all areas with a fairly dense canopy appearance. Each plant has different growing conditions. Basil can be grown in all regions of Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to identify the response of 2 types of basil against the use of N fertilizer dose on the early growth. In the growth process, plants require sufficient nutrients so that the physiological processes in plants’ organs can be held properly. The nutrients used by plants can be sourced from within the soil itself or in the form of fertilizers that have been put into the soil. Plants will grow properly if the elements needed by plants are fulfilled. Plants need sufficient N, P, and K nutrients for system growth. The elements of N and P are needed in the growth of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Basil plants are leafy vegetable plants that remarkably require Nitrogen in the optimal amounts of the growth process. The research was carried out from February to April 2022 at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The design used in this study was the factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a treatment dose of Urea fertilizer in basil type. The results showed that there was no interaction between the types of basil and the dose of urea at all the observation parameters. On the other side, the type of basil affects the parameters of the number of leaves, plant height, and total fresh weight where the type of tidore basil was better than other types of basil. Furthermore, the urea fertilizer dose treatment affected the number of leaves, plant height, and total fresh weight where the better urea fertilizer dose was N125.

APLIKASI BERBAGAI DOSIS BOKASHI DAN UREA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF BIBIT KOPI ROBUSTA

This study aims to determine the vegetative growth of robusta coffee seedlings applied with bokashi and urea fertilizers. This research was conducted in Manggalung Village, Mandalle District, Pangkajene and Islands Regency, South Sulawesi Province, which took place from November 2020 to April 2021. This study was designed with a two-factor factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the dose of bokashi fertilizer (b) 3 levels: 0g (b0), 100 g (b1), and 150 g (b2) and the second factor is the dose of Urea (u): 0 g u0), 10 g (u1), and 15 g (u2). All data obtained in the study were analyzed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a level of accuracy (0.1 and 0.5).
 The results showed that with a dosage of 150 g / plant boca gave much better results and showed a very significant difference in plant height growth and number of leaves after the least significant difference (0.1%). Meanwhile, with the same dose of boca, namely 150 g (b2), it gave a good response to the increase in stem diameter. Therefore, the use of Boca fertilizer at a dose of 150 g gives good results on the vegetative growth of Robusta coffee seedlings.

PEMBERIAN PUPUK UREA PADA TANAMAN KANGKUNG DARAT (IPOMOEA REPTANS POIR) DENGAN JARAK TANAM YANG BERBEDA

Ground kale (Ipomoea Reptans Poir) is one of the agricultural commodities that can be traded at a relatively expensive price. Spinach plants that are relatively resistant to drought andhave a broad adaptability to varius growing environmental conditions, estimated at 2-3 times per year so that the cash flow of the vegetable business will be faster. An incease in demand with demands for better quality vegetable commodities, as well as more guaranteed survival. The estimated annual vegetable demand rate of 8% is good for consumption in the contry, import substitution and in increasing export opportunities. Regulating plant density to a certain extent, the plants can utilize the growing environment efficiently, and the inorganic fertilizer becauseit has a Nitrogen (N) content of 46%. Where nitrogen is a major component of varius important substances in plant. About 40% of the protoplasm content consists of nitrogen compounds used by plants to form amino acid compounds that are comperted into proteins, chlorophyll,nucleic acids and enzymes.This study was conducted to determine the effect of spacing and dose of N as well as its intrinsic growth and yield of ground water spinach plants,and was carried out in the Subak Tungkub Mengwi region, Mengwi Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency, with a height of ± 400 m above sea level. The study began from December 8, 2020 until Januari 5, 2021 for 28 days from planting seeds to harvest. This study uses a randomized blok design (RBD) consisting of two factor. The first factor is plant spacing (J) and the second factor is the dose of Urea (U), each treatment is repeated three times.The economical oven dry weight of plants at the distance of plant spacing with the average oven dry weight of economic clump-1 was 5,25 g, with the highest value indicated in the treatment (J1) was 5,34 g while the highest value of Urea dose was shown at dose (U2) of 7,74 g increasing 23,84% compared to the oven dry weight of the lowest clump-1 economy of 6,25 g

Peningkatan Produktivitas Padi Gogo (Oryza Sativa Linnaeus) Akibat Aplikasi Pupuk Urea Dan Bakteri Pemfiksasi Nitrogen Dalam Bahan Pembawa Pada Inceptisols Asal Jatinangor

As a staple in Indonesian diet, rice demand increase along with the population growth. Therefore, in order to fulfill the continuous increase, researches were conducted to increase land productivity. The increase of growth and productivity of upland rice with the application of Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp. in compost, Azolla, and rice bran carrier were studied. Nitrogen fixer were applied as a biofertiliser as a mean to supply available nitrogen for upland rice growth. This research was conducted in Ciparanje Experimental Field and Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. In this research, Randomized Block Design was used to analyze two factors: urea dose (100% and 50%) and Nfixer bacteria in various carriers (individual carrier and combination of liquid inoculant, green compost, Azolla compost, rice bran). The result showed an interaction between two factors towards the grain weight of upland rice. The application of 100% urea dose showed higher result compared to 50% urea dose on grain weight. N fixer bacteria combined with compost, Azolla, and rice bran carrier gave the highest result on the number of tillers, chlorophyll content, and grain weight.

LEAF AREA AND YIELD OF Physalis angulata L. AS A FUNCTION OF POPULATION DENSITY AND SLOW-RELEASE UREA

The genus Physalis includes species used for food, medicinal and artisanal purposes. The wild tomato (Physalis angulata L.), which is common in the mixed maize cultivation called “the milpa”, is cultivated in some localities of Jalisco because of its importance in the preparation of sauces. It is hypothesized that the management of planting density and fertilization application can improve the yield of this tomato. The objective of this study was to evaluate the leaf area and yield of P. angulata L. as a function of slow-release urea doses and planting densities, under open-field rainfed conditions. Nine treatments were evaluated, resulting from the combination of three planting densities and three fertilizer doses. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with factorial arrangement. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and the means of the treatments were compared with Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). The relationship between yield and study variables was estimated with simple linear regressions. The results indicated that with 2.5 plants m-2 the highest yield was obtained (6.4 Mg ha-1); while with 140 units of slow-release urea the average yield was 5.76 Mg ha-1. The interaction effect showed that with densities of 2.0 and 2.5 plants m-2 and with 120 kg of slow-release urea, the highest fruit yields were obtained, 6.44 and 6.87 Mg ha-1. For each unit increase in the variables leaf area, leaf area index, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant, fruit yield increased as well. The yield of P. angulata responded differently to planting densities and slow-release urea doses. The best yield could be obtained with the planting density of 2.5 plants m-2 and with the application of 30.4 g m-2 slow-release urea.

The Balance Composition of Urea and Sugar Palm Bagasse Compost and Its Effects on Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine Max L.)

Demand for soybeans in Indonesia has not been matched by adequate soybean production. The productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) in Indonesia is still low, one of which is the decrease in soil fertility due to the continuous use of inorganic fertilizers. Increasing soybean productivity can be done through the management of soil fertility by utilizing unused plant residues, one of which is sugar palm bagasse as organic fertilizer. This study aims to obtain the optimal balance between urea and sugar palm bagasse with an optimal mixture of gliricidia leaves to increase soybean yields. This research was conducted at the Greenhouse and Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta from June to October 2020. This study used a single factor design, namely the balanced dose of urea and sugar palm bagasse compost with a mixture of gliricidia leaves, consisting of five treatments, namely 1) Urea 100%. + 0% sugar palm bagasse compost; 2) 75% Urea + 25% sugar palm bagasse compost, 3) 50% Urea + 50% sugar palm bagasse compost, 4) 25% Urea + 75% sugar palm bagasse compost, and 5) 0% Urea + 100% sugar palm bagasse compost. Each treatment was repeated three times and arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed that the balance of using urea and bagasse compost with the optimal mixture of gliricidia leaves was 0% urea + 100% compost for bagasse which increased the soybean yield by 34% and was not significantly different from other treatments.