Dosage Of Alcohol Research Articles

Stabilization of structure and channel height of two-dimensional montmorillonite membrane for efficient ion separation

As a new type of separation material, two-dimensional membrane has attracted wide attention due to its special transport mechanism. However, due to the hydration swelling of montmorillonite nanosheets, there are still challenges in preparing two-dimensional membrane with stable channel structure and fixed interlayer spacing. In order to overcome the problems caused by swelling, this study used polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid to stabilize the channel structure of two-dimensional membranes. Moreover, the crosslinking between Fe3+ and montmorillonite nanosheets was proposed to fix the interlayer spacing of two-dimensional membrane. It is found that various polymers had different effects on the mechanical property of two-dimensional membrane. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid can significantly improve the tensile strength of the membrane. And the introduction of them reduces the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface, thus improving the stability of the membrane in water. In addition, the interlayer cations affect the stability of interlayer spacing of the membrane in water. After crosslinking the membrane with Fe3+, the interlayer spacing is fixed and can be maintained at about 0.94 nm in water for a long time. When a certain dosage of polyvinyl alcohol and PAA are added into the membrane and the crosslinking conditions are suitable, two-dimensional membrane has good selectivity to Li+ and Mg2+ in high Mg/Li ratio brine. Inspired by the natural ion exchange properties of montmorillonite, this study found a new method for inhibiting the hydration swelling of two-dimensional membrane and realizing precise control of interlayer spacing.

Dosage of Alcohol, Cocaine and Marijuana in Patients with Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Trauma Attended at the Hospital of Clinics of the Federal University of Uberlândia

Abstract Introduction In Brazil, there are 125,000 hospitalizations a year for traumatic brain injuries (TBI) at a high socio-economic cost, causing serious and permanent sequelae, often associated with the use of alcohol, cocaine and marijuana. Objective to discover the epidemiological characteristics of patients with moderate and severe TBI, treated at the Emergency Room of the Hospital of Clinics of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), and their association with the use of alcohol, cocaine and marijuana. Material and Methods saliva and urine samples were collected from 80 patients with moderate and severe TBI, aged ≥18 years, between September 2020 and December 2021. Research was made into the use of alcohol, cocaine and marijuana, using chromatographic immunoassay test kits. Results A total of 28 cases (35%) were positive for alcohol, 22 cases for marijuana (27.5%) and 23 cases for cocaine (28.7%). The average age was 41 years old, with a predominance between 20 to 49 years old and of the male sex (90%). Accidents occurred mainly at night (52.5%) and on weekdays (65%). The most frequent cause of accident was transport (53.8%), followed by falls (22.5%) and aggression (16.2%). Of the transport accidents, motorcycle and automobiles accidents predominated (28.75%). Overall mortality was 16.2%, with zero positive cases for alcohol, 17.4% positive for cocaine and 27.3% positive for marijuana. Conclusion we observed an association between TBI, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine, as well as an increase in cocaine and marijuana cases when compared with a study performed at this institution in 2003.

Preparation of spherical phenol‐formaldehyde beads from phenol‐liquefied wood and the characteristics of carbonized materials

AbstractIn this study, wood of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Japanese fir) was liquefied with phenol as a solvent. Phenol‐liquefied wood was mixed with formalin and spherical phenol‐formaldehyde resin (PF) beads were prepared by a two‐stage suspension polymerization reaction. The influence of the kind and dosage of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the particle size distribution, mechanical strength and thermal properties of spherical PF beads were investigated. The results show that PF beads prepared with partially saponified PVA as a granulating agent are smaller than 75 μm, while the PF beads prepared with fully saponified PVA have larger diameters. However, the average diameter of spherical PF beads decreased with the increase of PVA addition. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates that the initial thermal degradation temperature of the PF beads is around 150°C, and the main weight loss occurs between 400 and 600°C. Among them, the PF beads with BF‐04 as the granulating agent have the best heat resistance, and have the highest char yield at 800°C. The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface adsorption shows that the internal structure of the carbonized spherical PF beads is microporous pores. Carbonized beads prepared with high PVA adding have large absorption volume.

Properties of local ultra-high-performance concrete with low dosage of polyvinyl alcohol and steel fibre

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) delivers better durability and mechanical properties than normal-strength concrete. However, conventional UHPC requires heat treatment and a high dosage of high tensile steel fibre to achieve a compressive strength of 120 MPa. The present study was conducted to test a local UHPC with low fibre dosage and without heat treatment by incorporating different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibre and steel fibre. The fibres included in the experimental works were 30 mm PVA macro fibre, 8 mm PVA fibrin and hooked end steel fibre with 35 mm in length. Four series of UHPC were studied, which consist of plain UHPC mix and three fibre-reinforced UHPC mixes. 1% fibre volume was incorporated into all the fibre-reinforced mixes. The mixes were tested for compressive strength, modulus of rupture, drying shrinkage and porosity The UHPC had a compressive strength of more than 120 MPa and modulus of rupture from 8 to 11 MPa. The drying shrinkage of all the UHPCs was less than 255με when cured at 100% relative humidity. The porosity recorded for the UHPC was 2%. Current findings indicated that steel fibre reinforced UHPC performed better than UHPC with PVA fibre in terms of mechanical properties However, UHPC with PVA fibrin performed better in terms of the drying shrinkage. In conclusion, UHPC with more than 120 MPa can be achieved with normal synthetic and steel fibre without special treatment.

Preparation of Mesoporous Supported CuCo2O4 Catalyst and Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol

Using poly (ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide)- poly (ethylene oxide) (P123), tetraethyl silicon (TEOS), HCl, n-butanol as raw materials, SBA-15 template was prepared by liquid phase reaction method. Using SBA-15 as template, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and Co(NO3)2·6H2O as raw materials and n-hexane as solvent, mesoporous CuCo2O4 composite metal oxide was prepared by hard template nano-casting. The composite metal oxides were characterized by thermo gravimetric differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Taking benzyl alcohol as the target, the effects of reaction temperature, different catalyst dosage, reaction time and molar ratio of benzyl alcohol to hydrogen peroxide on selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by CuCo2O4 were studied, and the oxidation products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results show that the sample of CuCo2O4 metal composite calcined at 700 °C has the highest purity, and the average particle size is about 500 nm. The optimum conditions for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol by CuCo2O4 are reaction system temperature of 80 °C, catalyst dosage of 8 g/L, reaction time 3h, the molar ratio 1:1 of hydrogen peroxide to benzyl alcohol. Under the optimum condition, the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol is 78.13% and the recovery rate of benzaldehyde is 56%. Mesoporous CuCo2O4 is a composite metal oxide with good selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol, which has a wide application prospect.

Cassava starch-derived aerogels as biodegradable packaging materials

Biodegradable and natural materials can provide transformational solutions to environmental issues, particularly those associated with ubiquitous fossil-resources-derived conventional polymers like polyolefin thermoplastics and polystyrene foam as packaging materials. Herein, a facile approach is presented for preparing biodegradable and biocompatible lightweight structural scaffolds as an alternative to conventional plastic-based packaging materials. A variable dosage of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used along with cassava starch to govern the structural integrity, mechanical properties, and porosity of resultant aerogels. The incorporation of PVA as a strengthening precursor improved the compressive modulus of starch aerogel from 2.0 to 18.2 MPa. Hydrogen-based interactions between the starch and PVA components, as revealed by infrared spectroscopic and differential scanning calorimetric measurements, extended the structural integrity. The high and regulated porosity of these aerogels furnished significantly low density (0.13–0.21 mg mm−3). A 98.5% of the starch-PVA aerogel is converted to CO2 by the microbial consortia within 23 days, signifying excellent biodegradability of these aerogels. Moreover, cassava starch-PVA aerogel is demonstrated as alternative packing material to conventional non-biodegradable black plastic bags for growing, transporting, and transplanting young plants. The improved thermal stability (<270 °C), low density, good compressive modulus (2.0–18.2 MPa), and excellent biodegradability reveal the potential of starch-based aerogels as excellent alternatives to conventional polyolefin thermoplastics and polymer-foam-based packaging materials.

Multilevel Hollow Phenolic Resin Nanoreactors with Precise Metal Nanoparticles Spatial Location toward Promising Heterogeneous Hydrogenations.

Hollow nanostructures with fascinating properties have inspired numerous interests in broad research fields. Cell-mimicking complex hollow architectures with precise active components distributions are particularly important, while their synthesis remains highly challenging. Herein, a "top-down" chemical surgery strategy is introduced to engrave the 3-aminophenol formaldehyde resin (APF) spheres at nanoscale. Undergoing the cleavage of (Ar)CN bonds with ethanol as chemical scissors and subsequent repolymerization process, the Solid APF transform to multilevel hollow architecture with precise nanospatial distribution of organic functional groups (e.g., hydroxymethyl and amine). The transformation is tracked by electron microscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonancetechniques, the category and dosage of alcohol are pivotal for constructingmultilevel hollow structures. Moreover, it is demonstrated the evolution of nanostructures accompanied with unique organic microenvironments is able to accurately confine multiple gold (Au) nanoparticles, leading to the formation of pomegranate-like particles. Through selectively depositing palladium (Pd) nanoparticles onto the outer shell, bimetallic Au@APF@Pd catalysts are formed, which exhibit excellent hydrogenation performance with turnover frequency (TOF) value up to 11257h-1 . This work provides an effective method for precisely manipulating the nanostructure and composition of polymers at nanoscale and sheds light on the design of catalysts with precise spatial active components.

A Mouse Model of Damp-Heat Syndrome in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Impact on Pancreatic Tumor Growth.

BackgroundDamp-heat syndrome is one of the most important syndrome types in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation and treatment system, as well as the core pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer (PC) which remains a challenge to medical researchers due to its insidious onset and poor prognosis. Great attention has been given to the impact of damp-heat syndrome on tumorigenesis and progression, but less attention has been given to damp-heat modeling per se. Studying PC in a proper damp-heat syndrome animal model can recapitulate the actual pathological process and contribute to treatment strategy improvement.MethodsHere, an optimized damp-heat syndrome mouse model was established based on our prior experience. The Fibonacci method was applied to determine the maximum tolerated dosage of alcohol for mice. Damp-heat syndrome modeling with the old and new methods was performed in parallel of comparative study about general appearance, food intake, water consumption and survival. Major organs, including the liver, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, spleen, intestines and testes, were collected for histological evaluation. Complete blood counts and biochemical tests were conducted to characterize changes in blood circulation. PC cells were subcutaneously inoculated into mice with damp-heat syndrome to explore the impact of damp-heat syndrome on PC growth. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry were performed for pathological evaluation. A chemokine microarray was applied to screen the cytokines mediating the proliferation-promoting effects of damp-heat syndrome, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were conducted for results validation.ResultsThe new modeling method has the advantages of mouse-friendly features, easily accessible materials, simple operation, and good stability. More importantly, a set of systematic indicators was proposed for model evaluation. The new modeling method verified the pancreatic tumor-promoting role of damp-heat syndrome. Damp-heat syndrome induced the proliferation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and promoted desmoplasia. In addition, circulating and tumor-located chemokine levels were altered by damp-heat syndrome, characterized by tumor promotion and immune suppression.ConclusionsThis study established a stable and reproducible murine model of damp-heat syndrome in TCM with systematic evaluation methods. Cancer associated fibroblast-mediated desmoplasia and chemokine production contribute to the tumor-promoting effect of damp-heat syndrome on PC.

Flotation and separation of microplastics from the eye-glass polishing wastewater using sec-octyl alcohol and diesel oil

The eye-glass polishing wastewater (EGPW) is an increasingly noteworthy problem because of its high chemical oxygen demand (COD), high turbidity and abundant microplastics (MPs), which threatens the aquatic environment as well as human life. In this study, we analyzed the separation performance of MPs from EGPW using sec-octyl alcohol and diesel oil as frother and collector, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the removal rate of MPs, COD and turbidity could reach to 93.9 %, 80.4 %, 83.8 %, respectively. The measurement of induction time, Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were measured to explain flotation mechanism of MPs. Sec-octyl alcohol has little effect on the functional groups of MPs and it mainly reduces the surface tension of gas-liquid interface and improves the stability of bubble. Diesel oil increases the C-C/C-H content of MPs, illustrating that it could absorb on the surface of MPs and improve the hydrophobicity of MPs. The induction time decreases with the increasing dosage of both sec-octyl alcohol and diesel oil, thus improving the separation rate of MPs from the EGPW. These results indicate that bubble flotation exhibits great potential to effectively remove MPs and purify the EGPW, anticipating to facilitate the municipal wastewater management.

Alcohol and Prostate Cancer: Time to Draw Conclusions.

It has been a long-standing debate in the research and medical societies whether alcohol consumption is linked to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many comprehensive studies from different geographical areas and nationalities have shown that moderate and heavy drinking is positively correlated with the development of PCa. Nevertheless, some observations could not confirm that such a correlation exists; some even suggest that wine consumption could prevent or slow prostate tumor growth. Here, we have rigorously analyzed the evidence both for and against the role of alcohol in PCa development. We found that many of the epidemiological studies did not consider other, potentially critical, factors, including diet (especially, low intake of fish, vegetables and linoleic acid, and excessive use of red meat), smoking, family history of PCa, low physical activity, history of high sexual activities especially with early age of first intercourse, and sexually transmitted infections. In addition, discrepancies between observations come from selectivity criteria for control groups, questionnaires about the type and dosage of alcohol, and misreported alcohol consumption. The lifetime history of alcohol consumption is critical given that a prostate tumor is typically slow-growing; however, many epidemiological observations that show no association monitored only current or relatively recent drinking status. Nevertheless, the overall conclusion is that high alcohol intake, especially binge drinking, is associated with increased risk for PCa, and this effect is not limited to any type of beverage. Alcohol consumption is also directly linked to PCa lethality as it may accelerate the growth of prostate tumors and significantly shorten the time for the progression to metastatic PCa. Thus, we recommend immediately quitting alcohol for patients diagnosed with PCa. We discuss the features of alcohol metabolism in the prostate tissue and the damaging effect of ethanol metabolites on intracellular organization and trafficking. In addition, we review the impact of alcohol consumption on prostate-specific antigen level and the risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lastly, we highlight the known mechanisms of alcohol interference in prostate carcinogenesis and the possible side effects of alcohol during androgen deprivation therapy.

Single and synergistic enhancement on durability of geopolymer mortar by polyvinyl alcohol fiber and nano-SiO2

To determine the optimal dosage of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and Nano-SiO2 (NS) in metakaolin (MK) and fly ash (FA) based geopolymer mortar from the perspective of enhancement on durability of geopolymer mortar, the single and binary effects of PVA fiber and NS was explored. The compressive strength tests, rapid chloride permeability (RCP) tests, freezing-thawing cycle tests, sulfate wet–dry cycle tests, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation were conducted to evaluate the enhancement of PVA fiber and NS on compressive strength and durability of MK-FA based geopolymer mortar. The results showed that the application of PVA fiber and NS in appropriate dosage had significant improvement on compressive strength and durability of MK and FA based geopolymer mortar no matter they were used in single or blended addition. The best modification effect can be achieved when PVA fiber and NS were used together. The optimal mixing contents of PVA fiber and NS were 0.6–0.8 v% and 1.0–2.0 wt%, respectively. The results obtained in this study will enrich the knowledge system on properties of PVA fiber and NS modified geopolymer composites, which can provide guidance for the further promotion application of MK-FA based geopolymer mortar.

Association of Low to Moderate Alcohol Drinking With Cognitive Functions From Middle to Older Age Among US Adults

Studies examining the association of low to moderate drinking with various cognitive functions have yielded mixed findings. To investigate whether associations exist between low to moderate alcohol drinking and cognitive function trajectories or rates of change in cognitive function from middle age to older age among US adults. A prospective cohort study of participants drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of US adults, with mean (SD) follow-up of 9.1 (3.1) years. In total, 19 887 participants who had their cognitive functions measured in the HRS starting in 1996 through 2008 and who had participated in at least 3 biennial surveys were included. The data analysis was conducted from June to November 2019. Alcohol consumption and aging. Trajectories and annual rates of change for the cognitive domains of mental status, word recall, and vocabulary and for the total cognitive score, which was the sum of the mental status and word recall scores. Participants were clustered into 2 cognitive function trajectories for each cognition measure assessed based on their scores at baseline and through at least 3 biennial surveys: a consistently low trajectory (representing low cognitive scores throughout the study period) and a consistently high trajectory (representing high cognitive scores throughout the study period). The mean (SD) age of 19 887 participants was 61.8 (10.2) years, and the majority of the HRS participants were women (11 943 [60.1%]) and of white race/ethnicity (16 950 [85.2%]). Low to moderate drinking (<8 drinks per week for women and <15 drinks per week for men) was significantly associated with a consistently high cognitive function trajectory and a lower rate of cognitive decline. Compared with never drinkers, low to moderate drinkers were less likely to have a consistently low trajectory for total cognitive function (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.59-0.74), mental status (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63-0.81), word recall (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.69-0.80), and vocabulary (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.56-0.74) (all P < .001). In addition, low to moderate drinking was associated with decreased annual rates of total cognitive function decline (β coefficient, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02-0.07; P = .002), mental status (β coefficient, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.03; P = .002), word recall (β coefficient, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.04; P = .01), and vocabulary (β coefficient, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00-0.03; P = .08). A significant racial/ethnic difference was observed for trajectories of mental status (P = .02 for interaction), in which low to moderate drinking was associated with lower odds of having a consistently low trajectory for white participants (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56-0.75) but not for black participants (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.74-1.39). Finally, the dosage of alcohol consumed had a U-shaped association with all cognitive function domains for all participants, with an optimal dose of 10 to 14 drinks per week. These findings suggested that low to moderate alcohol drinking was associated with better global cognition scores, and these associations appeared stronger for white participants than for black participants. Studies examining the mechanisms underlying the association between alcohol drinking and cognition in middle-aged or older adults are needed.

A novel rapid-combustion process for the preparation of magnetic α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles

A novel rapid-combustion process for the preparation of magnetic α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was introduced. The as-prepared α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, the vibrating sample magnetometer, the thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results revealed that α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles could form even at 400 °C, and the volume of absolute alcohol and the calcination temperature were two key parameters for the preparation of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. With the calcination temperature increasing from 400 °C to 800 °C, the average crystallite size of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with 10 ml of absolute alcohol increased from 26 nm to 45 nm and the degree of crystal defects was enlarged. When dosage of absolute alcohol increased from 5 ml to 25 ml, the average crystallite size of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles calcined at 400 °C for 2 h ranged from 23 nm to 27 nm and their specific saturation magnetizations increased from 0.4 emu/g to 36.9 emu/g.

Clove Bud Polyphenols Alleviate Alterations in Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers Associated with Binge Drinking: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study.

Acetaldehyde, the major cytotoxin formed by the metabolism of alcohol, is responsible for liver injury, extracellular matrix alterations, inflammation, and hangover in heavy drinkers. This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a standardized polyphenolic extract of clove buds (Clovinol) in ameliorating the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by the accumulation of acetaldehyde after binge drinking. We used a randomized, double-blinded crossover study with 16 male social drinkers. The subjects were randomized into two groups of eight subjects and received either placebo or Clovinol in a single hard shell gelatin capsule (250 mg × 1) per day. The dosage of alcohol was 1 g/kg body weight/day. After 2 weeks of washout period, the treatment regime was reversed. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, and 12 h after treatment with either placebo or Clovinol, and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Hangover severity score was determined by using a validated questionnaire as reported earlier. Results showed faster elimination of blood acetaldehyde with significant decreases in oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and significant enhancement in glutathione and superoxide dismutase as compared with placebo along with an overall reduction of 55.34% in hangover severity in Clovinol-treated subjects. This study demonstrated the efficacy of clove bud polyphenols for alleviating alcohol-related side effects among social drinkers at the studied dose.

Synthesis and formation mechanism of micron-size silver flakes with high radius-thickness ratio: application to silver paste

Micron-size ultrathin silver flakes were synthesized via a simple and environmentally friendly approach. The microstructure of ultrathin silver flakes was determined by some dominant parameters, including the pH value of solution, the adding speed of silver nitrate, and the dosage of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-124). The detailed characterization revealed that the as-synthesized silver flakes were typical 2–3 µm in diameter and 50–100 nm in thickness. And the flake-particle ratio was over 80%. Meanwhile, a possible formation mechanism of the silver flakes has been briefly discussed based upon the morphology evolution of silver flakes at different growth stages. Moreover, the ultrathin silver flakes conductive pastes dried at low temperature exhibited a good conductivity of 4.3 × 10−4 Ω·m even after 100 days, indicating their wide potential applications in the electronic materials.

Depressive Symptoms, Acute Alcohol Intoxication, and Risk Rationale Effects on Men’s Condom Use Resistance

This study examined the role of depressive symptoms, acute intoxication, and risk rationale in men’s use of condom use resistance (CUR) tactics in an experimental study. Participants included 313 heterosexual male, nonproblem drinkers, ages 21 to 30. Participants were randomized to one of four beverage conditions: no alcohol, placebo, low (.04%) alcohol dose, or high (.08%) alcohol dose. They read an eroticized scenario depicting a consensual sexual encounter with a female partner who requested a condom to prevent either pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (risk rationale) and then indicated their intentions to use 10 different CUR tactics. Hypotheses related to the pharmacological, dosage, and expectancy effects of alcohol were tested in a generalized linear model. In intoxicated (.04% and .08%) men who were given a pregnancy risk rationale, depressive symptoms were associated with stronger intentions to use CUR tactics than in sober (control and placebo) men. Men who received a high alcohol dose (.08%) and who were given a pregnancy risk rationale reported higher intentions to use CUR tactics than those who received a lower alcohol dose (.04%). Findings suggest that the pharmacological effects of alcohol on men’s likelihood to resist condoms vary by the saliency of the risk rationale and mood-related variables.

Preparation of Fe3O4/attapulgite/polyvinylalcohol composites and its treatment for methyl orange in neutral condition

In the article, Fe3O4/attapulgite/polyvinylalcohol composites were successfully prepared by the method of coprecipitation. SEM, XRD, and FTIR were used to make characterizations of properties. The composites were flake form. The composites had the ability to treat methyl orange effectively in neutral condition. The best dosage of polyvinyl alcohol was 0.7715 g. With the increase of H2O2 and the prolonging of the laying time, the absorbance decreased. When the dosage of H2O2 was 15 mL and the laying time was 24 h, the efficiency of treatment was 99.99%. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 715–718, 2016

Commentary on Pennay et al. (2015): Measuring the effects of alcohol mixed with energy drinks on intoxication with real-world data.

Keywords: Alcohol; breath alcohol concentration; data collection via cellphones; energy drinks; hourly assessments; intoxication

Study on the Antibacterial Paper Coated by ZnO/MFC for Food Packaging

As a kind of environmentally friendly material, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) has the following advantages: renewable raw materials, easy recycling, biodegradable, safety and so on. It can be combined with antibacterial agents to prepare the antibacterial packing materials for food. In this paper, the nano-ZnO was modified by titanate coupling agent TM-38s at first,determines the best dosage of TM-38 is 3% in the modification process,the dosage of the isopropyl alcohol for 40ml,improving its dispersibility. And then added in the MFC suspension to formulate the antibacterial coating for antibacterial coated paper preparation. The changes of antibacterial properties of the paper before and after coating were investigated in this study. The results showed that the paper had a significant antibacterial activity to e. coli and staphylococcus aureus (the antibacterial circle was bigger than 15 mm).When the nano-ZnO dosage was 2.5wt%, the antibacterial properties of the coated paper could reach the best situation. Application of the antibacterial caoated paper to the food packaging could restrain and kill the microorganisms on the food surface effectively, prolong the shelf life of food, and improve the food safety.

Effect of Curcumin on the Increase in Hepatic or Brain Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxide Levels in Mice after Consumption of Excessive Alcohol

Curcumin is a bright yellow compound found in Curcuma longa L., a member of the family Zingiberaceae. In the present study, we determined whether curcumin protects against oxidative stress in liver and brain in mice fed excessive alcohol. BALB/c mice were administered 20% alcohol (16 g/kg body weight) with or without curcumin (0.016% in diet) for 12 weeks. The concentrations of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC-OOH) in liver and brain samples were determined using chemiluminescence high-performance liquid chromatography. Mice treated with ethanol and curcumin significantly (P < 0.05) showed a lower hepatic PC-OOH level compared to mice treated with only ethanol. However, there was no significant difference in the brain PC-OOH level among all mice. Our finding indicates that the dosage of alcohol might increase the lipid peroxide level of liver but not of brain, and daily curcumin consumption might be protective for liver against alcohol-related oxidative stress in mice.